GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY

School of Engineering & Computing - Exam Solution Sheet

PROGRAMME TITLE: MSc in Mechanical Engineering (Design) DIET: 1st

Session: 2008/09

Module: Applied Thermofluids & CFD (ESDM502)

Q1
Question No: Author: Dr. D McGlinchey

1
(i) Modelled in 3D geometry. CAD drawing via GAMBIT to mesh. Moving
boundaries (piston and valves). . 5 marks
(ii) Calculations such as velocities and rates of pressure rise to determine suitable
timestep for the simulation. 5 marks
(iii) Domain decomposed into different zones. Unstructured mesh. Moving and
deforming mesh (hybrid approach). 5 marks
(iv) Use spray and combustion models. Unsteady solver. k-E turbulence model
5 marks
(v) Automobile Engineers use analytic expressions to get overall performance data.
Comparison with experimental data sets. 5 marks
25

Please include marking schedule

D/ENG/002
Module: Applied Thermofluids & CFD (ESDM502)

Question No:_____Q2__________ Author: Dr. D McGlinchey

a) (i) Governing Equations

The governing equations of fluid flow represent mathematical statements of the conservation laws
of physics.
1. The mass of a fluid is conserved.
2. The rate of change of momentum equals the sum of the forces on a fluid particle
(Newtons second law).
3. The rate of change of energy is equal to the sum of the rate of heat addition to and the
rate of work done on a fluid particle (first law of thermodynamics)

[5 marks]

(ii) Mass Conservation

div ( u) 0 [2 marks]
t

Momentum Conservation
( u ) ( p xx ) yx zx
div ( uu) S Mx [3 marks]
t x y z

(iii) Mass Conservation

Rate of increase of mass in fluid element (term one) is equal to the net rate of flow of mass into
fluid element (term two) (assuming no mass source).
is fluid density, t is time and u is velocity.
[5 marks]

Please include marking schedule

Module: Applied Thermofluids & CFD (ESDM502)

D/ENG/002
Question No:___Q2 cont____________ Author: Dr. D McGlinchey

Momentum Conservation
Newtons second law states that the rate of change of momentum of a fluid particle equals the
sum of the forces on the particle.

Set the rate of change of momentum of the fluid particle equal to the total force on the element
due to surface stresses plus the rate of increase of momentum due to sources. The body forces
can be described by a source term, SM , of momentum per unit volume per unit time. p
denotes pressure and denotes the viscous stresses.
[5 marks]

(iv) Differentials are converted to finite difference equations using Taylor series expansion of
expressions.
[5 marks]

25

Please include marking schedule

D/ENG/002
D/ENG/002