Name Class Date

A. Key Terms and People

Directions: Match the definitions in Column I with the terms and people in Column II. Write
the correct letter in each blank. You will not use all the items from Column II. (3 points each)

Column I Column II
1. term implying bullying tactics, reckless a. George Kennan
charges, and unsubstantiated evidence b. Jiang Jieshi
2. war to achieve specific goals rather c. Red Scare
than the total defeat of the enemy d. Warsaw Pact
3. never-ending effort to acquire more e. McCarthyism
powerful weapons than ones enemy f. Eisenhower Doctrine
4. fear of communists, both outside and g. limited war
within the United States h. Douglas MacArthur
5. overabundance of weapons that would i. Julius Rosenberg
result in total destruction j. Mao Zedong
6. U.S. policy to use force to help countries k. satellite state
in the Middle East fend off communism
l. arms race
7. general in command of U.S. forces in m. mutually assured
the Korean War destruction
8. U.S. diplomat who wanted to contain
communism within its current borders
9. weaker country under the control of a
stronger country
10. American convicted and executed for passing
nuclear secrets to the Soviets

B. Key Concepts
Directions: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank. (4 points each)
11. What best describes the underlying causes of the Cold War?
a. bitter personal disputes between Stalin and Truman
b. the remaining anger of enemies on opposing sides in World War II
c. Soviet anger at U.S. intervention in Greece and Turkey
d. economic differences between the United States and Soviet Union
12. Why was the conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States
described as a Cold war?
a. The Cold war was not very significant or important.
b. The two sides did not engage each other directly in a military conflict.
c. The two countries gave one another the cold shoulder.
d. Both countries had very cold climates.

32
Name Class Date

13. In 1949, what was the outcome of the civil war in China?
a. The communists led by Mao Zedong defeated the Nationalists.
b. The conflict moved to Taiwan, where Jiang Jieshi was victorious.
c. Backed by U.S. funding, Jiang Jieshi defeated the communists.
d. A truce was declared, but the war never really ended.
14. In the Korean War, United Nations forces
a. opposed the United States and South Korea.
b. remained neutral peacekeepers.
c. fought together with U.S. troops against North Korea.
d. made a preemptive strike against North Korea to curb communism.
15. Why did Albert Einstein oppose development of a hydrogen bomb?
a. He thought it would lead to an arms race.
b. He thought it might fall into the hands of the Soviets.
c. He opposed all war and military spending.
d. He thought the atom bomb should be available to all nations.
16. A consequence of covert CIA operations in Iran in the 1950s was?
a. government corruption. c. internal dislocation.
b. anti-U.S. sentiment. d. dependence on the United States.
17. At what period before World War II had there been a Red Scare?
a. 18651877 c. 19171920
b. 1898 d. 1929
18. HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate possible subversive activities by
a. Nazis. c. fascists and Nazis.
b. communists. d. communists, fascists, and Nazis.
Directions: For questions 19 and 20, look at the chart, and then answer the questions.
19. The United States
stockpiled more than
10,000 nuclear weapons
by about 1971. When did
the Soviet Union reach
the same number of
nuclear weapons?
a. 1957
b. 1970
c. 1977
d. 1990
20. When did stockpiles of
strategic nuclear weapons
begin to decline in the
United States?
a. the end of the 1960s c. the end of the 1980s
b. the late 1970s d. the mid 1990s

33
Name Class Date

C. Document-Based Questions
Directions: Read the passage below. Then answer the question that follows on a separate sheet
of paper. (10 points)

21. Draw Inferences Marshall says that the policy is directed not against any country
or doctrine. Which country might think that the policy was directed against it,
and why?

D. Critical Thinking and Writing

Directions: Answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet
of paper. (10 points each)
22. Draw Conclusions What was the same, and what had changed, before and after
the Korean War? In order to answer the question, think about the Korean peninsula
before and after the war. How was it divided? Which world powers supported each of
the two Koreas? What were the political ideologies of each country? Also think about
the progress of the Cold War, and about U.S. foreign policy.
23. Synthesize Information When the Soviets detonated an atomic bomb on
September 2, 1949, the balance of power in the world changed suddenly and
drastically. In an essay, describe how the fact that both the United States and the
Soviet Union possessed atomic weapons shaped life in the 1950s in the United
States. What was the effect of the atomic rivalry on the progress of the Cold War?
How did the possibility of an atomic attack influence daily life and popular
culture in the United States?

34