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Solid Waste Management Scenario of Punjab: A

Case Study

Conference Paper February 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.5122.5363

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 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

Solid Waste Management Scenario of Punjab: A Case Study

Gurtej Singh1,a*, Yogender Pal 2,b, Puneet Juneja3,c, Arashdeep Singh4,d, Dr.
Rudra Rameshwar5,e
1,2,3,4
M.E. Students, Thermal Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India
5
Assistant Professor, LMTSM Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India
a*
gurtejguru7@yahoo.in, byogender027mae@gmail.com, cpuneetjuneja103@gmail.com,
d
arashdeep012@gmail.com, erudra.rameshwar@thapar.edu

Keywords: MSW, PPCB, Biomass, Renewable Energy, ULBs

Abstract- In the modern world large solid waste is generated by the cities; hence environment
pollution has become a cause of concern. The solid waste produced by the cities needs efficient
handling to reduce health hazard problems caused by the harmful effect of solid waste. In this
regard solid waste management plant has become a prime requirement. In the Indian subcontinent
solid waste management plants are already employed. Their functionality is a major issue in most of
the states. The waste generated by the city gets disposed in an open dump yard in the form of a pile
and that large pile of garbage produces methane gas which affects the Ozone layer of Earths
atmosphere and its toxicity is very dangerous to nearby peoples. The tools used in the system are
inefficient, unreliable and unscientific adding to the misery of the system.

Union territory, Chandigarh has a solid waste management (SWM) plant first of its kind in northern
India having a capacity of 500 TPD. Punjab generates 4300 TPD of municipal solid waste (MSW).
Only two plants are fully functional at present. Government of Punjab has formulated a scheme for
the SWM plants for all the major cities by arranging them in the form of clusters. The 146 urban
local bodies (ULBs) are also the part this venture on public private partnership model for the
concession period of 25 years. The state is divided into 8 clusters by the Punjab Pollution Control
Board (PPCB).

1 Introduction

In the developing countrys solid waste management is the greatest challenge. The world health
organization (WHO) has defined the waste as an object that arises from animals or human activities
which has to be disposed as unwanted. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials
generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. This
source can serve a great source of alternative to present energy crisis, to meet our energy needs.
Before jumping the utility if municipal solid waste its essential for us to manage this well in order
to ensure its availability.

Due to fast increase in explosion in population, industrialization and urbanization in India that led to
the defection of people from villages to cities, as a result the production of MSW is about thousands
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India
 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

of tons in a day. Also the MSW amount will anticipate to influence crucially in the near future as
the country struggles to achieve an industrialized nation standing of the country by the year 2020
[1-3].

Typically solid waste includes all the semi-solid waste generated by human activities like human
excrement not dumped properly, domestic garbage, plastic, remains of dead animals ,papers, ,
hazardous waste produced by big industries, medical waste left from many hospitals and various
laboratories etc. Now the issue is to dispose these waste properly to make certain the community a
safe and healthy environment. In accordance of Environment Information System (EIS, Punjab),
that has been established under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, the
solid waste is categorized into the following:

1. Solid waste from municipal

2. Solid waste from biomedical
3. And hazardous solid waste

Basically, in Punjab, all above mentioned wastes are produced. The waste comprises of solid and
semi-solid such as construction and demolition debris, household waste, waste from streets and
sanitation residue that gets collected from municipal agency's boundary are categorized under solid
waste from management. This municipal waste is normally gets collected from commercial
complexes as well as from residential areas [4]. India's biomedical, government (Management and
Handling) biomedical waste defined by the Rules 1998 comprises of waste produced during
diagnosis, immunization or treatment of animals or human beings, or in the research activities
concern to or in the testing or production of biological. The hazardous waste defined by the High
Powered Committee [5] in the form of solid, liquid as well as gaseous that is dangerous to
community of environmental and health due to its chemical, physical, toxic, reactive, flammable,
corrosive, explosive, infectious or radioactive characteristics of the waste. Therefore, it is an
important part to handle, transport and treated and disposed of these harmful wastes carefully

2 Green Tech Fuel Processing Plant (GTFPP) Chandigarh

Union territory Chandigarh has a solid waste management cum fuel processing plant located in
Sector 25 (West) on Dhanas Road. This plant has been registered under the CDM-UNFCCC as this
plant prevents the emissions of greenhouse gases in the environment. This plant implies the MSW
to refused derived fuel (RDF) technology. The plant is set up in 10 acres at accost of 30 crores. The
installed capacity of the plant is 500 TPD of municipal solid waste. The plant aims to make the city
clean and green. The crucial equipments has been imported from the Germany and commissioned
successfully in the supervision of German engineers. Plant follows the norms of CPCC and covered
with tree plants to make it eco-friendly. The plant has a fully equipped laboratory, workshop,
control room and an effluent treatment plant. The Plant is fully covered to minimize its effect on
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India
 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

nearby peoples. An arrangement of chemical and herbal solution in the form of a spray is
periodically used in the garbage to eliminate insects, odour and flies. The Plant is also equipped
with an automated fire hydrant plant.

Waste gathered from the city is collected in a dump yard of the plant and weigh is measured by
digital weigh bridge on entrance. In the plant waste is bifurcated into the biodegradable and non-
biodegradable. Using the trammels screens waste is processed and the unprocessed is collected in
the early stages. The end product is obtained as RDF, which helps in proper utilization of the solid
waste. RDF is a highly useful biofuel, which is used in fluidised bed combustion boilers. The RDF
produced in the plant is sent Ambuja cement plant, Roper. RDF helps in conservation of fossil fuel
and serves an alternative source of energy. It prevents the ground water from leakage and reduces
the greenhouse gas emissions. It is more economical and relatively cheaper than other similar fuels.

Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Characteristics:

Calorific Value 3100 Cal/GM

Moisture Content 15 %
Ash Content < 20 %
Bulk Density 150-200 kg/Cu. M
Fixed Carbon 15 %
Volatile Matter 25 % m/m
Size of Particle 50 mm (edge to edge)
Carbon Content (% by mass) 73.93
Hydrogen (as H), (% by mass) 2.61
Oxygen (% by mass) 1.25
Nitrogen (as N) (% by mass) 5.02
Sulphur content (% by mass) .025
Chloride (as Cl) (by mass) 3.04
Silica Content (as SiO2)) 1.23

Table 1 [Source: GTFPP Chandigarh]

3 Municipal Solid Waste Clusters

The Punjab Pollution Control Board has divided Punjab into eight clusters. These clusters are
formed by the urban local bodies to collect the solid waste from the cities. Government of Punjab
has formulated a plan to set the plants in all major cities. Punjab Municipal Infrastructure
Development Company (PMIDC) which is a government agency has given the responsibility to
look after all the clusters. There are 146 urban local bodies in Punjab in 8 clusters. Urban local
bodies are part of public-private partnership model for the concession period of 25 years.

Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India
 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

Image 1[Source: http://www.ppcb.gov.in ]

At present in Punjab only two municipal solid waste management plants in working one in
Jalandhar and the other one in Hoshiarpur. The latter one is in good health while the former is
poorly maintained. In Jalandhar waste is stored in the open dump yard and in a rainy season lot of
water gathers in the plant. It is very dangerous as it liberates GHGs and may also lead to health
hazards. In Hoshiarpur solid waste management is well maintained and solid waste bifurcates into
the Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable. The biodegradable solid waste is then processed to
produce the vermicompost. It is stored in the gunny bags.

Image 2 [MSWP Jalandhar] Image 3[MSWP Hoshiarpur]

[ http://pmidc.punjab.gov.in/ ]
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India
 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

Cluster wise brief description:

3.1 Jalandhar Cluster: The project cost for this plant is 133.33 crore and consisting of 27 urban
local bodies. The project capacity is 750 tonnes per day(TPD). 20 acres of land allocated near
Jalandhar and 21 sanitary landfill site at village Piplan Wala in Hoshiarpur. Four transfer stations
will be set at Hoshiarpur, Bolath, Nakodar and Sutanpur Lodhi.

3.2 Ludhiana Cluster: In this both processing facility and sanitary landfill are in Jamalpur,
Ludhiana. The project cost for this plant is 104.5 crore. Two transfer stations at Khanna and Jagraon
will be set up. It consists of 14 urban local bodies. This processing plant is of 1000 TPD out which
8 MW electricity will produced, 575 tonnes per day of RDF, 325 tonnes per day of aerobic
composting and 100 TPD of the waste recycling unit will be installed.

3.3 Amritsar Cluster: The cost of the processing plant project is 116 crore and cluster consists of
8 urban local bodies. At 21 acres of land in Bhatnawala near Amritsar will be used to process 650
TPD, in this 100 TPD will for RDF, 50 TPD for recycling unit, 350 TPD for compost plant and 130
TPD will used for sanitary landfill.

3.4 Bathinda Cluster: This cluster consists of 16 urban local bodies and cost the project will 66.45
crore. The plant of 350 TPD will be installed on Mansa Road in Bathinda. 20 acres of land have
been given for this plant. The sanitary landfill facility will be at Mandi chord in 36.11 acres.
Transfer stations will be installed in Malout and Mansa respectively.

3.5 Patiala Cluster: In this cluster 20 acres of land will used for processing and sanitary landfill.
The cost of this project will be 95 crore. It consists of 25 urban local bodies and will be having a
four transfer stations at Sangrur Barnala, Nabha and Malerkotla. The capacity for this plant will be
500 tonnes per day, of which 300 TPD for RDF and 200 TPD for compost plant.

3.6 Ferozpur Cluster: It consists of 18 urban local bodies. The project capacity for this plant will
be 350 tonnes per day in 20 acres of land in Bir Chahal in Faridkot. The sanitary landfill is also on
the same site. The transfer stations will at Moga, Mukatsar and Ferozpur. In this plant 250 TPD will
be for RDF and 100 TPD for compost plant.

3.7 GMADA Cluster: The cost for this project will be 80 crore for 350 TPD in 50acres of land.
The processing plant and sanitary landfill will also on the same site. This cluster is having a 18
urban local bodies. The transfer station will be at Rajpura. In this plant RDF plant of 250 TPD and
Compost plant of 100 TPD will be established.

3.8 Pathankot Cluster: It consists of 13 urban local bodies. The processing plant of 250 TPD in
40 acres of land will set up along with sanitary landfill. The Cost for this project will be 55 crore.

Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India
 International Conference on Latest Development in Material, Manufacturing and Quality
Control. MMQC-2016

4 Conclusion:

The municipal solid waste plan formulated by the government of Punjab is highly ambitious, but
the work carried out is very less. Only four clusters have got environment clearances. While the
green tech fuel processing plant was completed in 2 years. This plant can serve as ideal plant to all
the processing plants is Punjab. As Punjab generates large amounts of solid waste these processing
plants can add up to its revenue. The processing plants under public private partnership will also
harness the power scenario of the Punjab. The products of processing plant such as refused devried
fuel (RDF), Vermicompost and recycling of paper products will ensure the sustainable growth of
the state.

References:

1. Sharma, S., Shah, K.W., 2005,: Generation and Disposal of Solid Waste in Hoshangabad.
In: Book of Proceedings of the Second International Congress of
Chemistry and Environment, Indore, India, pp 749751.
2. Central Pollution Control Board, (CPCB), 2004,: Management of Municipal Solid
Waste. Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, India.
3. Shekdar, A.V., Krshnawamy, K.N., Tikekar, V.G., Bhide, A.D., 1992, : Indian Urban Solid
Waste Management Systems Jaded Systems in Need of Resource Augmentation,
Journal of Waste Management, 12,4, pp 379387.
4. Ministry of Environment and Forests. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling)
Rules, 2000.
5. HPC. (2001), A Report of High Powered Committee on Management of Hazardous Wastes.
6. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). National Guidelines
on Hospital Waste Management Based upon the Biomedical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998.
7. http://www.ppcb.gov.in/MunicipalSolidWaste.aspx
8. http://cpcb.nic.in/
9. http://pmidc.punjab.gov.in/
10. http://www.moef.gov.in/

Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology (A Constituent Campus of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University) Bathinda, Punjab India

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