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  • Amigo FM Manual

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    Amigo FM Manual

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    120 Am @ wm sani 2 tie Halal AUT - i (tty = a 2522 West Geneva Drive, Tempe, Arizona U.S.A. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ‘The schematic drawings reproduced in this manual contain proprietary data to Circuit Research Labs, In. The user of this manual agrees to make no disclosure, reproductions or use of any part of these drawings except by prior writ- ten permission from Circuit Research Labs, Inc. Copyright © 1997 Circuit Research Labs, Inc. Belden is registered trademark of Belden Inc, CIRCUIT RESEARCH LABS, INC. 2522 West Geneva Dr., Tempe, AZ 85282 U.S.A. Phone: (602) 438-0888 FAX: (602) 438-8227 E-Mail: crl@crisystems.com World Wide Web: htp/frisystems.com TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION1 __ 1,L.ORIGIN OF THE AMIGO .senostsnn L..LWHAT IS THE AMIGO.. 1.2,GENERAL. 1.3.SAFETY INFORMATION nose 13.1. DANGER SYMBOL. 1.3.2. CAUTION STATEMENT. 1.3.3. WARNING STATEMENT. wsose 1.34, NOTE STATEMENT, scenes 1,3.5.GENERAL PRECAUTIONS.. 1.3.6READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS. 13.7.GROUND AND POWER, rss 1.3.8. TRANSIENT VOLTAGE. te 13.9.EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE. 12 13.10. WATER AND MOISTURE. serenssononee 2 13.11. ATTACHMENTS. 13.12,VENTILATION, 13.13.PARTS REPLACEMENT L4.INTRODUCTION TO FEATURES ... 1 1.43.SOUND FIELD ENHANCEMENT. 1.4.7. LIMIT/ CLIP FUNCTION. 14.8.LOW PASS FILTER. 1.49.PEAK INPUT LEVEL INDICATOR. LS.STANDARD ACCESSORIES... 1.5.1. WHAT COMES WITH THE AMIGO. L6.WARRANTY.... 1.6. PRODUCT WARRANTY TERM. 1,6.2.CONDITIONS 1.7. PRODUCT CHANGES... 17..UPDATES 1,7.2.CRL On the World Wide Web SECTION 2 2.1. INSTALLATION .. 2.1.1.GENERAL, 2.1.2. BEFORE POWER UP. 2.13. POWER LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION... 2.2INTERCONNECTIONS wsnernnen 2.2.1.GENERAL. 2.2.2. BALANCED LINE CONNECTIONS ee.2-2 2.2.3,.UNBALANCED CONNECTIONS wns 22, 23.INITIAL SETUP ses 23.1.GENERAL. 23.2.DYNAMIC CALIBRATION 2.3.3. DYNAMIC CALIBRATION, 23A.TONE CALIBRATION erssonnenononesnone 23 2.4,TRANSMITTER MODULATION ADJUST- MENT onnnannonennininnnen 2.4,1,19KHZ STEREO PILOT ADJUST. 2.6.1. MAIN PCB JUMPERS (8050). 2.7 AUXILIARY AUDIO OUTPUT! ‘2.8,INSTALLATION NOTES .. 2.8.1, BRIDGING INPUTS. 2.8.2.DRIVING MULTIPLE EXCITERS OR STL’... ns 26 2.8.3. MONOAURAL OPERATION, 2.8.4 MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS .. AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 SECTION 3 3.1.GENERAL.. a 3.2:FRONT PANEL SWITCHES, INDICATORS, AND CONTROLS... 34 3.2.LINPUT LEFT CONTROL eovnesosenmnin deh 3.2.2 INPUT RIGHT CONTROL ... 3.23, INPUT LEVEL INDICATOR. 3.2.4.LOW FREQUENCY ENHANCEMENT 3-1 3.2.5.FRONT PANEL LIMITING CONTROL ...3-2 3.2.6 MULTIPLEX GENERATOR MODE SWITCH... re D 32:7 MULTIPLEX GENERATOR PILOT CON- ‘TROL... 3.2.8.MULTIPLEX GENERATOR "MUX OUT" CONTROL sean 3,2.9.OUTPUT LEVEL - LEFT .. 32.10,0UTPUT LEVEL - RIGHT 3.3, INTERNAL SOUND FIELD ENHANCE 33.1. SENSITIVITY CONTROL. 3.3..SOUND FIELD ENHANCE - ENHANCE (Level) CONTROL. 33.3.SOUND FIELD ENHANCE - ACTIVITY IN- DICATOR. 3,4. MULTIBAND COMPRESSOR! 3.5.MULTIBAND LIMITERS. 3.5.1. LIMITING - PRIORITY SWITCH... 3.6REAR PANEL CONTROLS.. 3.6.1.REAR PANEL AUX OUTPUT LEVEL SWITCH se rs 3.6.2.REAR PANEL OPERATE/BYPASS SWITCH ere sae So SECTION 4 4,1. GENERAL... 4.2. POWER SUPPLY. 43, SIGNAL CIRCUITRY 43.1. PROOF CIRCUITRY 43.2. DISPLAY DRIVE.. 45.1. TRANSFER FUNCTION LIMITER. 45.2, BAND PASS LOOP. 46, HIGH PASS LOOP. 4.7, FINAL PEAK LIMITER, 48, 15kHz LOW PASS OUTPUT FILTER.. SECTION 5. 5.1 ALIGNMENT TROUBLESHOOTING AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE. ‘5:2.ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES. 5.2.1, EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS ene Se ‘5.2.2,JUMPER POSITIONS no 5.23.INTERNAL CAL. CONTROL SETTINGS 5-2 ‘5:3POWER SUPPLY CHECK. 531.120 VAC CHECK 5.3.2.220 VAC CHECK (if applicable) ‘5.33,INPUT AMPLIFIER ADJUSTMENT & CHECK, $.34.GATE CIRCUIT TEST one nee SL BALACING... S3.6INITIAL SIGNAL VERIFICATION. 5.3:].PRE-LIMITER HIGH-PASS AND BAND- PASS ADJUSTMENT AND TEST wresnnenene 53 ‘5.3.8ENHANCE CIRCUITRY ADJUSTMENT AND TEST. ne 53 5.39.FILTER DRIVE CIRCUIT ADJUSTMENTS-3 5.3.10.DYNAMIC CHANNEL TO CHANNEL COMPARISON. = nA 5.3.11.15kHiz FILTER (8420). 4 ‘54,AMIGO STEREO ENCODER ALIGNMENT AND TESTING irene SA AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 ‘54.1, OSCILLATOR SETUP 55:TROUBLESHOOTING. AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 FIGURES Figure 2-1 AMIGO front panel. Figure 2-2 AMIGO rear panel. .nnenmon Figure 2-3 Power Module. Figure 2-4 Balanced connections. Figure 2-5 Unbalanced connections. 341 Input. control location, wnnmnnamenmnnnendel 3-2 Input Level Indicators... 3.3 Low frequency enhance control location. 3-4 Low frequency enhance full CCW.. 3-5 Low frequency enhance contol full CW. 3-6 Multiplex Generator Mode Control 3-7 Pilot Level Adjust location, 3-8 Limit Drive control location.. 3-9 Multi-Band Limiter Attenuation AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 Section - 1 LLORIGIN OF THE AMIGO ‘Theidea forthe Amigo grew outof many requests from customers, CRL dealers and representatives for an in- expensive, easy 1 use, aggressive, high tech FM audio ‘processor with integrated stereo encoder. It has been almost two decades since such a processor has been introduced by a major audio processor manufacturer, and we expect the Amigo to be a huge success world- wide, ‘The Amigo is unique in that it contains adisti- Iation of the best processing technology CRL has developed to date, So don’t be mislead by the inexpen- sive price or ease of use, your competition will have to invest a great deal of money and many hours of experi- ‘mentation to equal what the Amigo can give you in- stant. CRL is striving to provide AM, FM, and Television audio processors that flla wide variety of applications and needs. Easy to use, great sounding processors like the Amigo, and aggressive, flexible, programmable ‘Processors such as our Signature series fillneedsatboth. ‘ends of the spectrum. If you like what the Amigo does ‘please think of us for future processing upgrades, you can be sure we will have something very special. 1.1. WHAT IS THE AMIGO ‘The Amigo is a simple to use, powerful FM audio processor and stereo encoder. No other single product, available can match the Amigos sonic clarity loudness and high performance stereo encoder. ‘The Amigo is suitable for either stereo or monaural broadcasts and can properly process a wide range of voice and music programming. The processing avail- able inside the Amigo is usually found on only the most expensive / exotic processors available. This process- ‘ing combines a two band andio gated compressor, low frequency and stereo enhancement processor. A. tri-band pre- emphasis limiter, a overshoot compen sated , linear delay 15kHz low pass filter, and finally a digitally synthesized stereo encoder. ‘The Amigo has only two front panel processing adjust- ments, each adjustment has a center detent to mark the recommended starting point forthe critical processing adjustments. 1.2,GENERAL ‘This section covers: © General safety information. + Precautions. An introduction to what the Amigo is, and what standard accessories come with the Amigo. © Warranty information. Unit upgrade poticy 1.3.SAFETY INFORMATION ‘The following paragraphs are definitions of notes that will be found throughout this manual. 13.1. DANGER SYMBOL Danger: Dangerous voltages capable of causing death, are present in this ‘unit. Use extreme caution when han- ‘dling, testing, and adjusting. 1.32.CAUTION STATEMENT Caution: The Caution statement denotes a hazard, Itcalls attention to procedure, practice, condition, or the like, which, if not comectly performed ot adhered to, could result in damage to the unit. 1.33. WARNING STATEMENT Warning: ‘The Waming statement denotes a pre- caution, It calls attentions to an operating proce- dure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result inthe unit not performing propery. 1.34. NOTE STATEMENT Note: The Note statement denotes important im- portant information, It calls attention to a proce- dure, practice, condition, or the like, which is necessary to highlight. AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 12 135.GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ‘The following general safety precautions must be ob- served during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this equipment. Failure to comply with these precantions or with specific warnings in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of this equipment. Circuit Research Labs, Inc. assumes no liability forthe customer’ failure to comply with these requirements. 1.36READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS. Al safety and operating instructions should be read before the equipment is operated. 1.3.7.GROUND AND POWER. To minimize shock hazard, this equipment must be ‘connected to an electrical ground. Grounding isaccom- plished by proper use of the three- conductor AC power cable supplied with the equipment. The power cable ‘must either be plugged into an approved three-contact clectrical outlet or used with a three-contact two-con- tact adapter with the grounding wire (green) firmly ‘connected to an electrical ground at the power outlet. ‘This equipment must only be operated from the type of AC line power source specified. 1.38, TRANSIENT VOLTAGE. In areas where power fluctuations and voltage spikes are present on the AC powerline, additional protection ‘may be necessary. 1.39.EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE. Do not operate this equipment inthe presence of flam- ‘mable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a defi- nite safety hazard. 1.3.10, WATER AND MOISTURE. Do not operate this equipment near water or in areas ‘with wet floors. Do not operate this equipment in high ‘humidity atmosphere where condensation forms on the equipment. 1.3.1 ATTACHMENTS. ‘Donot use attachments not recommendedby the manu- facturers. 1.3.12.VENTILATION. ‘This equipment should never be placed near or over a. heat register or other source of heated air, This equip- ‘ment should not be placed in a built in installation or rack unless proper ventilation is provided. See section 28.3 for details. 1.3.13, PARTS REPLACEMENT ‘The maintenance instructions inthis manual are for use ‘by qualified personnel only. To avoid electrical shock do not perform any servicing other than that contained in this manual, Do not replace components with the ‘power cable connected. Because of the danger of intro- ‘ducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts ‘orperform any unauthorized modification to this equip- ment, 1.4.INTRODUCTION TO FEATURES ‘1A.LFEATURES: ‘+ Wide range multiband Input Compressor ‘+ Program controlled Attack/Release ‘Compressor Funetion ‘+ High performance stereo multiplexer / generator. ‘+ Low Frequency Enhance circuit to add bass punch, Intelligent Stereo Sound Field Enhancement ‘Transfer Function Pre- Emphasis Limiter Adjustable Peak Limiter Selectable internal Priority Limit/Clip Funetion Resonant Low Pass Clipping Filter ‘+ 10 Segment Input Peak Indicator with 28 dB Range + Rugged 1 3/4" Rack-mount Chassis With Integral RFI Protection 1.42.COMPRESSOR ‘The compressor provides 20 dB of input gain control to prevent detrimental limiting effects by maintaining consistent levels into the limiter circuits. ‘This elimi- nates “pumping” and other processing artifacts caused by excessive peak limiting. 1.43.SOUND FIELD ENHANCEMENT A selectable circuit is provided to increase the per- ceived ambiance in a true stereo program source. The circuit augments the program material having low separation within a user- determined window of opera- tion, producing a more defined spatial effect. When the ‘rogram separation exceeds the upper limit set by the user, the enhancement circuitry automatically tums itself off without any audible side effects. AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 1.44, HIGH PERFORMANCE STEREO EN- CODER ‘The Amigo features a high performance stereo multi- plex encoder. Similar to CRL’s SG-800A the Amigo provides state of the art performance. Both the 19kHiz, pilot and 38kHz. subcarriers are digitally synthesized. ‘This combination of digital waveform generation and ‘modulation provide stable adjustment free operation. 1.45.PRE-EMPHASIS LIMITING Jn order to preserve transmitted stereo audio fidelity, a limiting system has been designed specifically for FM radio broadcast. This circuitry includes a specialized dual band limiter with pre-emphasis incorporating a variable transfer function. This system modifies the transmitted pre-emphasis curve by two separate vari- ables which allow independent attenuation ofthe 1 kHz, to 6 ktiz segment and the 6 kHz to 15 kz segment of the frequency spectrum. This provides fall fidelity transmission ofthe high frequency spectrum when the mid-range frequencies must be limited topprevent over- modulation. Likewise, when the high frequency pro- gram material exceeds the 100% modulation limit itis limited independently of the mid-range frequencies. 1.46. PEAK LIMITER ‘The limiter circuitry has a range from Oto +5 4B. This circuitry selects the amount of instantaneous gain re- duction (iimiting) applied to the audio signal. 1.47. LIMIT/ CLIP FUNCTION ‘An internal switch provides a. selectable combination of limiting and clipping, The limit function is provided toachieve the cleanest sound and prevent overmodula- tion. The clip function provides maximum loudness ‘with minimal clipping artifacts. The Amigo is shipped from the factory with this switch in the CLIP position, 1.48.LOW PASS FILTER ‘This filter is used to prevent excessive clipping har- ‘monics which could result in reduced stereo separation and aliasing effects, This patented filter eliminates these excessive clipping harmonics, allowing the user to increase. limiting to obtain maximum loudness ca- pability without audible distortion, This circuitry has Amuch greater attenuation range than previous designs providing 604B of main to sub and sub to main cros- ‘stalk rejection, 1.49.PEAK INPUT LEVEL INDICATOR. ‘To aid the user in property setting the audio level into ‘the unit, each channel has a separate 10 segment peak- 13 reading LED input level meter with a range from -20 1042 4B. A overload LED is also provided as the last segment of the indicator. Additional indicators are included to monitor the activity of filter overshoot-cor rection circuitry. Adio interfacing is done through the use of a banier ‘connector strip on the back panel, Inputs and outputs ‘are active-balanced and fed through second-order RFI ‘suppression filters. ‘The Amigo accepts either 115/120/220/240 volts AC (Gelectable by programming the back panel power ‘module), 48-440 Hz. The unit is housed in a steel ‘enclosure for maximum RFI immunity and conforms toa standard 1 3/4" rack height measurement. A rack slide mount is available as an option. 1.5.STANDARD ACCESSORIES 15.1, WHAT COMES WITH THE AMIGO ‘The following accessories are standard. 1- AC power line cord. 1- Amigo installation and service manual. 2 Audio connector cables. ‘Rack mounting hardware, 1.6.WARRANTY 1.6.L.PRODUCT WARRANTY TERM. Circuit Research Labs, Incorporated warrants its prod- ucts to be free of defects in materials and/or workman- ship. This warranty shall extend for a period of (1) year from the date the product was originally shipped to the user, 1.62.CONDITIONS Circuit Research Labs’ warranty does not apply to products that have been damaged due to and/or sub- jected to improper handling by shipping companies, negligence, accidents, improper use, or alterations not ‘authorized by Circuit Research Labs, Incorporated. ‘THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF AND EX- CLUDES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EX- PRESSED OR IMPLIED. CIRCUIT RESEARCH LABS, INCORPORATED WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS OR DAMAGE WHATSOEVER, WHETHER BASED UPON AL- LEGATIONS OF NEGLIGENCE, BREACH OF AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 4 WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE. THIS DIS- CLAIMER OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSE- QUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, PROPERTY DAMAGES, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF TIME OR OTHER LOSSES OR INCONVENIENCE RE- SULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE MATE- RIAL OR WORKMANSHIP OF THIS PRODUCT OR ANY OTHER CONNECTION WITH THE PURCHASE, OPERATION OR USE OF THIS PRODUCT. (SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU). 1.7.PRODUCT CHANGES 1.7..UPDATES Circuit Research Labs Inc. reserves the right to change the published specifications of equipment at any time, and to furnish merchandise in accordance with current specifications. While many previously sold products are later upgraded by field bulletins, Cirenit Research Labs Inc. reserves the tight to do so without incurring, any liability or obligations to modify or update any ‘equipment previously sold. 1.72.CRL On the World Wide Web Circuit Research Labs maintains a web page on the Intemet World Wide Web. You will find information ‘on CRL Systems products, the latest news from CRL and links to other pages of intrest to broadcasting and audio professionals, ‘To visit our web page set your web browser program to the following URL address: |utpi/fwwwcrlsystems.com ‘You may also contact us by Intemet electronic mail. ‘Simply select the "e-mail" option on our web page, or address your electronic message to: cri@erlsystems.com ‘Our electronic mail account is checked frequently, so you are assured of a prompt response. If you need an ‘immediate response, we suggest you telephone us at (800) 535-7648 in the United States and Canada, or +1,602.438.0888 from all other countries. AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Cizcuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 Section 2 2.1, INSTALLATION ‘The installation of the Amigo consists of a few simple steps. 1. Check rear panel power module to be sure it is set to ‘the proper voltage for your area. Then apply power, 2, Connect the program audio Tines from the master console to the audio inputs of the Amigo. 3. Connect a coax line from the Amigo stereo encoder ‘output to your exciter or composite STL input. 4, Adjust inpat level controls. 5. Adjust the LOW FREQ ENHANCE and LIMITER DRIVE controls to their center detent positions. 6. Adjust MUX out and PILOT levels, ‘That s all there isto it. The following sections describe in more details each of the above steps. Section 3 describes the use of each control in more detail, 24.1.GENERAL ‘The front panel of the Amigo is pictured in Figure 2-1 and the back panel is pictured in Figure 2-2. 2.1.2.BEFORE POWER UP 1. Set the powerline module as per Section 2.1.3. Set ‘the intemal jumpers a required forthe intendedsysiem application as per Section 22.1. 2, Connect the unit as per Section 2 24 Caution: DO NOT PLUG IN THIS UNIT UNTIL THE POWER LINE SWITCH HAS BEEN CHECKED AND/OR SET FOR THE CORRECT AC POWER LINE VOLTAGE AS PER SECTION 2.13. ITIS IMPORTANT TO CAREFULLY FOL- LOW THE PROCEDURES LISTED BELOW IN SECTION 2.1.3 BEFORE POWER-UP OF THIS ‘UNIT. NOTE: Operation of the unit on 200-250 VAC may require replacement of the plug that is used to connect the unit to the AC line. 2.1.3.POWER LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION ‘The Amigo is equipped with a power line module on the back panel with an integral line voltage PCB selec- tor so that the unit can be operated in areas having various line voltage availabilities. The unit is shipped to USA destinations set-up for aline voltageof 115/120 VAC, using a 1/4 ampere, slow-blow type fuse. To set-up the unit fora different line voltage see Figure 2.3, and follow the procedure below. 1, Disconnect the power cord from the module. Stide clear plastic cover away from fuse area. 2. Draw fuse extractor to left and remove fuse 3. Remove selector board and rotate until desired volt- age is shown on left side. 4, Return fuse extractor to normal position and insert appropriate fuse, —— Figure 2-2 AMIGO back panel, AMIGO Audio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Ine, 1997 22 Figure 2-4 Balanced connections. 1. "Figure 2-5 Unbalanced connections 5. Slide clear plastic cover to right and insert AC line cord Recommended fuse sizes are 100 to 130 VAC operation 1/4 ampere, slow-blow type 200 to 250 VAC operation 1/8 ampere, slow-blow type ‘5. Close the compartment cover and insert the Tine ‘cord into the receptacle on the module, 2.2,NTERCONNECTIONS 2.2,1,GENERAL ‘The Amigo is designed to interface with many types of ‘broadcast equipment. See Figure 2.6 for some typical applications for this unit within the overall system. ‘This unit may be wired for either balanced or unbal- anced operation, 2.2.2.BALANCED LINE CONNECTIONS NOTE: Insure that the input cable leads are con- nected tothe same polarity (+ to +, -t0-), through- ‘out the system, Reversal of the leads will result in stereo phasing errors. ‘Most broadcast equipment is designed for balanced line operation. Connect as per Figure 2.4. A two conductor shielded cable should be used (Belden #8451 or equiva- lent) with a red and black twisted pair inside a shielded covering. Connect the red lead to the positive terminal (on the barrier strip, the black lead to the negative ‘terminal on the bartier strip, and the shield (ground) to ‘terminal on the barrier strip. NOTE: THE CABLE SHIELD SHOULD BE CON- NECTED TO GROUND AT THE SOURCE END ONLY TO PREVENT GROUND LOOPS WHEN INTERCONNECTING UNITS ALREADY GROUNDED BY THEIR MOUNTING SYSTEM ‘OR POWER SUPPLY PLUGS. 22.3.UNBALANCED CONNECTIONS. ‘Connect the equipment EXACTLY as shown in Figure 2.5 for operation with unbalanced line equipment. 2.3,NITIAL SETUP 2.3,1.GENERAL ‘The following procedure is given to aid in setting up the unit for general program requirements Itis recom mended that the entire manual be read to become familiar with all ofthe capabilities of the Amigo. 1, Verify that the unit is set for the comect AC line voltage (see Section 2.13). 2, Connect audio inputs as per Section 2.2, AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 3, Feed a line level program signal through the system ‘to both inputson the Amigo. All equipment prior tothe ‘Amigo should be set for normal operation. 2.32.DYNAMIC CALIBRATION ‘NOTE: The best balance will be obtained initially by using a monaural source to insure the identical input material to both channels, ‘The dynamic calibration procedure and the tone cali- ‘ration procedure are both accurate, but the tone cali- ‘bration procedure achieves better balance. 2.33.DYNAMIC CALIBRATION 1. Apply power to the Amigo 2, Feed normal program material at "0" VU to left and right inputs. Adjust the input source for a "0" VU reference level. tis best o use monaural programming while calibrating the input controls. 3. Locate the left and right channel input calibration ppots and LED's, on the front panel (efer to Figure 2.1). 4, Rotate the left channel input calibration pot, clock- ‘wise, until the left channel “O* LED flashes on program peaks approximately 10 to 20 percent of the time. 5. Repeat Step 4 forthe right channel calibration. With ‘monaural programming the both Left and Right chan- nel meters should behave the same. 23 23.4-TONE CALIBRATION Use this procedure if you are not using the dynamic calibration procedure in the Tast section 1. Apply power tothe Amigo 2. Apply a43 VU (@s indicated by console VU meter), 1-kEiz sine wave to the Amigo inputs. 3. Locate the left and right channel input calibration ‘pots and LED's, on the front panel refer to Figure 2.1). 4, Rotate the left channel input calibration pot, clock- ‘wise, until the left channel “O* LED lights. ‘5. Repeat Step 4 for the right channel calibration, 2.4.TRANSMITTER MODULATION ADJUSTMENT Before adjusting the MUX OUT control for the proper modulation level, adjust both the LOW FREQ EN- HANCE and LIMITER DRIVE controlsto their detent positions. You must use either voice or music to make this adjustment, preferably music, Steady state tones, ‘will not allow proper adjustment. ‘Now adjust the MUX OUT control for the desired level of modulation, 24,.,19KHZ STEREO PILOT ADJUST Afier the MUX OUT control has been adjusted for approximately 100% modulation, the 19kHz Stereo pilot injection level may need to be adjusted. Use the front panel PILOT control to make this adjustment Figure 2-6 System locations for Amigo AMIGO Andio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 24 NOTE: If no pilot tone is being generated check the position of the front panel STEREO switch. ‘This switch isa three position toggle and must be in its center position for stereo operation. Above this switch is a stereo ON LED. ‘This will illumi- nate when transmitting in stereo. 2.5.0N AIR OPERATION 2.5.1.PERFORMANCE CHECKS After making the adjustments in section 2.4 you are ready to start using the Amigo for normal broadcasting. 1, Apply normal programming and observe the Amigo front panel. 2. The left and right input level meters should be peaking around the amber "0dB" LED. 3, Your total FM modulation should be maintaining a high average level without frequent peak indications 4, If your station wiring or console allows you to momentarily disconnect one audio channel, check for good stereo separation by momentarily removing ether left or right channel. Do this while observing the station modulation monitor. Most good quality moni- tors will show a dynamic separation of 45 to 604B. ‘This test proves that the composite signal from the ‘Amigo to the FM exciter is not being degraded. 5. Leave the LIMIT drive control and LO FREQ EN- HANCE set at their detent positions. Listen to the station on a number of radios and in different environ- ‘ments to determine if further adjustments needed. For ‘more information on how to use the processing controls ‘go to section 3. 2.6.INTERNAL JUMPER CAUTION: Jumpers onthe filter PCB must aways remain in the factory set positions. ‘The Amigos shipped from the factory with all intemal Jumpers and switches preset for maximum perform- ‘ance, No changes tothe internal options are necessary. Go to Section 2.3 if you do not require special jumper settings. ‘The Amigo is equipped with internal jumpers to con- figure the unit to unusual operational requirements. Set the jumpers as applicable for the individual station requirements, 2.6.1. MAIN PCB JUMPERS (8050) 433 Left Channel de-emphasis. A 50 us, 75 us, or no dde- emphasis curve can be selected. 44 Right Channel de-emphasis. A 50 us, 75 us,or no de- emphasis curve can be selected. CAUTION: J3 and J4 must be in the same relative position. 455 +15 V Disconnect Jumper. The positive DC power ‘connection between the power supply and the circuitry is broken when this jumper is removed. This jumper is used for servicing of the Amigo only. 46 -1SV Disconnect Jumper. The negative DC power ‘connection between the power supply and the circ is broken when this jumper is removed. This jumper is used for servicing the amigo only ‘3J12,, J13 Input sensitivity range, ‘These jumpers set the range of operation forthe front panel input level controls. There are two ranges: Low: -0t0+20 dBm High: -10to-+10dBm_ gain reduction Referenced to threshold of CAUTION: 312 and J13 must be in the same rela- tive position as 115 and J16, J14 Right input termination select. In the TERM Position, the input fas a 600 ohm termination. The BRIDGE position presents an impedance of 10K ohms. 418, J16 Input Sensitivity jumper. This jumper so- lecis the following input sensitivity ranges. LOW: - 0 to +20 dBm [Referenced to threshold of HIGH: -10 10 +10 dBm Iain reduction CAUTION: 317 and J18 must be inthe same rela- tive position. 317 Proof Pre-emphasis Left. A 50 us or a75 us pre- ‘emphasis curve can be selected which is enabled when the backpanel MODE switch s inthe PROOF position. J18 Proof Pre-emphasis Right, A 50 us or a 75 us pre-emphasis curve can be selected which is enabled ‘when the back panel MODE switch is in the PROOF position, AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 320 Left channel termination, TERM position, the input has a 600 ohm termination. ‘The BRIDGE posi- tion presents an impedance of 10K ohms. 424 Pre-Emphasis Left, A 50 us ot a 75 us pre- ‘emphasis curve can be selected, which is enabled when the back panel MODE switch is in the OPERATE, position. 325 Left channel peak limit mode. Selects a fixed or variable attack time forthe peak limiter section. Inthe EXD position the attack time is fixed. In the VAR, position the attack time is variable through a 3 to 1 range and is controled by R249 located on the main PCB, 526 Pre-emphasis right. A 50 us or a 75 us pre- ‘emphasis curve can be selected, which is enabled when the back panel MODE switch is in the OPERATE position. 527 Right channel peak limit mode. Selects a fixed ‘r variable attack time for the peak limiter section, In the EXD position the attack time is fixed. In the VAR position the attack time is variable through a 3 to 1 Fange and is controlled by R291 located on the main PCB. 2.7. AUXILIARY AUDIO OUTPUTS If you have a standby transmitter with stereo encoder the Amigo can also provide a separate audio drive. Use the AUXILIARY audio output barrier strip con- nections on the rear panel of the Amigo. Use Belden 8451 or equivalent two conductor shielded audio cable. Use less than 100feet of cable to connect tothe backup stereo encoder. For best results it is necessary to remove any filtering, or pre-emphasis networks inthe backup stereo encoder. ‘The Amigo will provide these functions. As shipped from CRL the Amigo is setup to provide a de-emphasized, limited audio output at the auxiliary audio outputs. If itis a simple matter to bypass the pre-emphasis network of the backup stereo encoder then do $0, Next remove the top cover of the Amigo and move jumpers J3 and 4 to the NONE position, ‘These two jumpers are found atthe rear ofthe bottom PC board and are easily accessible. If the stereo en- ccoder pre-emphasis cannot be easily removed then be sure that the Amigo jumpers are set to de-emphasize either 75 or 5Ous. (Whichever is complementary o the ‘stereo encoder pre-emphasis.) 25 Using the Amigo witha stereo encoder that has pre-em- ‘phasis builtin and not defeated could result in a modu- Iation density loss of several per-cent. Itis important to remove any low pass or highpass filter in the backup stereo encoder, Failure to do so could resultina modulation density oss of 10t040% depend- ‘ng on the encoder. NOTE: Locate the OUTPUT LEVEL switch on the rear panel of the Amigo. This pushbutton switch has ‘two positions, Fixed or Variable. When the switch is in the Fixed position, the Auxiliary Audio Output level is fixed at +16dBm and can not be adjusted with the front panel Aux Audio Output controls, ‘When the switch isin the Variable position, the front panel Aux Audio Output controls may be used to adjust the ouput level. Normally, this switch should 'be placed in the Variable position. ‘Afier the above filtering has been changed you are ready to adjust the output of the Amigo to drive the stereo encoder. This is best done with monaural pro- ‘gram material, not with tones. Adjust the left and right ‘Auxiliary output controls on the front panel of the ‘Amigo until the backup stereo encoder is driven with the desired level (see note above). 2.8.INSTALLATION NOTES 28.1.BRIDGING INPUTS ‘The Amigocan be in parallel with other audio products. As shipped from CRL the Amigo is set for an input ‘impedance of 600 ohms balanced. This can be easily changed to approximately 10K ohms. ‘To modify the Amigo for 10K ohms input impedance do the following steps: 1. Remove top cover of Amigo. 2. Near therear pane! of the Amigoare two setsof three jumpers each. 3 Move jumper 314 and J20 from the TERM position to the BRIDGE position, 4, Reinstall top cover. tis not necessary to remove the 8420 filter board to reach these jumpers. Be sure to move both of these Jumpers. Failure to do so will cause an imbalance in channels and a wrong termination value on one chan- el. AMIGO Andio Processor (© Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 2.8.2.DRIVING MULTIPLE EXCITERS OR STL’S Iitisnecessary to drive more than one exciter with one ‘Amigo this can usually be accomplished with a BNC “T* connector. There are three potential problems to ‘walch out for: 1, Be sure that the total load resistance presented by Doth exciters in parallel does not fall below 600 ohms. ‘Most exciter composite inputs (and STL) are termi- nated with arelatively high impedance (Ito 10K) and should not present a problem. If the combination falls below 600 ohms, then a passive splitter or modification of one or both of the exciters may be necessary. 2. Be sure thatthe exciters(or STLs) require exactly the ‘same composite drive level to produce 75kHz devia- tion. Many exciters have a input drive adjustment that ‘can be used to match two dissimilar drive levels. 3. Be sure that the total length of the coax connecting the Amigo and the two excitersisless than 100feet. The total capacitance of the cable, if it becomes large ‘enough can degrade the performance of the Amigo. tis not recommended that the coax cables be termi- ‘nated with their characteristic impedance. The frequen- cies used in aFM composite signal are such that for line Jengths less than 100 feet the coax cable is merely a shielded wire rather than a true transmission line, 28.3MONOAURAL OPERATION ‘The Amigo may be operated as a monaural processor if the following steps are taken: 1. The left and tight channels must be driven by the monoaural signal. If only one channel is driven some processing circuitry will operate incomectly resulting in poor performance, 2. Bither one of the AUX outputs may be used to drive the FM exciter, or the main BNC output may be used. Be sure to leave the multiplex generator mode switch in its MONO or full down position. See section 3.2.6 for more information on this control. Since the Amigo is being driven with both channels recieving the same signal the stereo enhancement cir- ccuitry will remain inactive regardless of what the inter- nal jumpers are set for. ‘There is little advantage in transmitting a stereo pilot tone ifall the incoming program is mono. In fact when an FM station switches to stereo there is a coverage reduction and increased suseptibilty to multipath dis- tortions. 2.84. MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS ‘The Amigo is a very complex and dense piece of electronics, Although it was designed with low power consumption components it still gets warm inside due to the volume of components. It is very important to allow adequate cooling for the Amigo. This means leave at least one rack panel above and below the Amigo blank so that air may circutate through the Amigo chassis. If an equipment rack with forced air ‘cooling is used, then the above requirement can be relaxed somewhat. For protection of tie extemal appearance ofthe Amigo use the plastic cup washers that were included with the Amigo. This will prevent the rack screws from damag- ing the finish, Do not allow moisture to accumulate on the chassis of the Amigo. The chassis is from a tough steel stock and yellow zinc plated, The plating prevents the steel from (idizing but can be damaged by longer term exposure to water or salt water. AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 SECTION 3.1.GENERAL ‘The purpose ofthis section is to describe the operation ‘of the switches, indicators, and controls on the Amigo, ‘A thorough understanding of this section will enable the user fo get the most from this unit. Each switch, indicator, and control is described as 10 its operation ‘and purpose. 3.2,.FRONT PANEL SWITCHES, INDI- CATORS, AND CONTROLS 3.2.L,INPUT LEFT CONTROL ‘An INPUT LEFT contol is provided to adjust the audio input signal level to the input amplifier. This Control should be adjusted so thatthe O4B LED on the front panel just flashes when the main mixing console ‘meter is at O48. 3.2.2.INPUT RIGHT CONTROL An INPUT RIGHT control is provided to adjust the audio input signal level to the input amplifier. This Control should be adjusted so that the 0dB LED on the front panel just flashes when the main mixing console ‘meter is at O48. 3.2.3INPUT LEVEL INDICATOR ‘The input indicator displays the input signal level for each channel. The read-out is in logarithmic notation as indicated by the scale and is always peak reading. ‘The red OVLD indicator will begin to illuminate when the signal level is 84B above the OdB calibration refer- ence level. 3.2.4.LOW FREQUENCY ENHANCEMENT ‘The LOW FREQ. ENHANCE control allows the you to add a BASS frequency punch to the radio station's sound. Full counter clockwise adjustment gives a flat 34 Dw Ts a4 ON BE eoeecoceeeo INPUT LEVEL - ‘F2 Input Level Indications 55 Low frequency enhance coniror AMIGO Antio Processor (C) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 32 response. Fall clockwise adjustment gives a low fre- quency boost (+5dB at 100Hz.). The center detent position gives a boost of about 34B at 80H. If the ‘majority of the stations listeners are listening on small portable radios or automobile radios then adjust the Control more clockwise, Adjusting this control clock- ‘wise raises the boost frequency and amplitude, 3.2.5.FRONT PANEL LIMITER DRIVE CON- TROL ‘This control is used to select the amount of instantane- ‘ous gain reduction (limiting) applied tothe ano signal (Geter to figure 3-8). Lower settings will provide well controlled but less dense program audio. Higher set- tings will produce very dense and loud, but stil tightly controlled sound, 3.2.6. MULTIPLEX GENERATOR MODE SWITCH ‘The Multiplex Encoder inside the Amigo has three modes of operation (refer to figure 3-6). For normal stereo broadcasting the mode switch (a three position toggle type) should be in its middle position. The middle position provides full multiplex operation. ‘When the mode switch is in the middle position the ‘green "Stereo" LED will be illuminated. ‘When the Multiplex generator mode switch is moved to its full up position the stereo encoder is placed into special test mode of operation. This special test mode removes the 19kHzpilot one but leaves the 38KHzL-R sub cartier active. This will cause most stereo receivers to switch to monaural mode. It is NOT recommended to broadcast inthis mode. ‘When the Multiplex generator switch is placed in its full down position the stereo encoder is completely ‘switched off. This removes the 19KElz pilot and the ‘38kEiz L-R sub cartier, This mode IS recommended for those stations who need to broadcast in MONAURAL. 3.2.7. MULTIPLEX GENERATOR PILOT CON- TROL ‘The "PILOT" control adjusts the amount of 19KH¥z pilot injection (refer to figure 3-7). The range of the control is from 4% to 12% modulation. In most cases this control is adjusted to give 9% modulation. 3.2.8MULTIPLEX GENERATOR "MUX OUT" CONTROL ‘The "MUX OUT control is used to adjust the compos- ite output level of the stereo encoder (refer to figure 2-1), This control is usually set to a position which temepuoT Savane 3-8 Limit Drive control location. gives 100% modulation (75kHz deviation in most, countries). This control should be adjusted before ad- Justing the "PILOT" level control. The peak to peak ‘voltage available from the composite output is adjust- able from Ovolts to 5 volts. Most transmitter exciters require 35 volts peak to peak for 75kHiz deviation, 32.9.0UTPUT LEVEL - LEFT ‘This contro is provided to adjust the left channel aux- iliary audio outpat evel of the Amigo (refer to figure 2-1), This control does not affect the drive level to the internal stereo encoder, it only changes the level of the ausiliary audio output (see Note in Section 2.7). 32.10.0UTPUT LEVEL - RIGHT ‘This control is provided to adjust the right channel auxiliary audio output level of the Amigo (refer to figure 2-1), Ths control does not affect the drive level to the intemal stereo encoder, it only changes the level AMIGO Audio Processor (©) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 of the auxiliary audio output (see Note in Section 2.7). 3.3.INTERNAL SOUND FIELD EN- HANCE 33.1. SENSITIVITY CONTROL This intomal jumper adjusts the signal level required foractivation ofthe enhancement circuitry. The jumper {s located inside the Amigo on the top edge of the front panel control circuit board (8310 PCB). This jumper is factory set for HIGH. In the LOW position, the sound. field enhance circuitry has only alight effect. In this ‘minimum position the enhance circuitry requires a source signal with a higher amount of separation to Produce enhancement (approximately 12 4B). The sound field enhancement circuitry measures the ‘amount of difference between the eft and right chan- nels. The circuitry then augments the program material having low separation within a predetermined window for a more defined spatial effect. This means that a ‘monaural signal remains a monaural signal, butastereo signal has an increased ambiance without any loss of original lft or tight separation, ‘Moving this jumper to the HIGH position lowers the separation required for enhancement to start. In the HIGH (maximum) position the enhance circuitry re- quires a source signal with approximately 6 4B of separation to produce enhancement. This control works. in conjunction with the ENHANCE (Level) jumper described in the next section. 3.32.SOUND FIELD ENHANCE - ENHANCE, (Level) CONTROL ‘This internal jumper determines the maximum amount of enhancement added to the signal. The jumper is located inside the Amigo on the top edge of the front ‘panel control circuit board (8310 PCB). This jumper is set by the factory for HIGH. Set the jumper to HIGH. for more enhancement or to LOW for less enhance- ment When properly adjusted this circuitry allows the station to simply sound more stereo than a competing, station Itcan also be used to effectively offset some of the separation deficiencies which are present in both existing transmission and receiver technologies. 3.33.SOUND FIELD ENHANCE - ACTIVITY INDICATOR ‘This intemal LED is an intensity modulated indication Of the operation of the sound field enhancement cir- cuitry. A brighter illumination of the LED indicates ‘greater stereo enhancement. This LED will not illumi- nate when the source material has sufficient separation 50 that no enhancement is occurring. os 16 75uS PRE-EMPHASIS BANDPASS LIMITER SECTION ONLY IN FULL ATTENUATION 12 HIGHPASS LIMITER SECTION ONLY IN FULL ATTENUATION BOTH BANDPASS AND HIGHPASS SECTION IN FULL ATTENUATION 200 2k 20K FREQUENCY IN HERTZ AMIGO Ausio Processor (C) Copyright Cireuit Research Labs, Inc, 1997 34 3.4.MULTIBAND COMPRESSORS ‘The multiband compressor is designed to maintain a relatively high average loudness with tle introduction ‘of processing artifacts. The dual band compressors of the Amigo are set to provide a minimum of 124B of gain control action, As much a 25 to 304B of gain reduction is available to handle music or voice peaks. ‘The compressors are gain gated. When the audio falls below -20dB on the inputs the compressors will freeze their action until audio is restored. ‘The band crossover frequency is approximately 400Hz. ‘This crossover frequency gives very good results with both voice and music. 3.5.MULTIBAND LIMITERS ‘The multiband timiter is designed for maximum pres- cervation of the transmitted stereo frequency spectrum. This circuitry includes a specialized multiband limiter with pre-emphasis incorporating a variable transfer function, ‘This system modifies the transmitted pre-emphasis ccurve by two separate variables which allow the inde- pendent attenuation of the 1 kHz to 6 kHz (bandpass) segment and the 6 kHiz to 15 kHz (highpass) segment of the frequency spectrum as shown in Figure 3-9. This. allows full fidelity transmission of the 6o 15 kHz high ‘frequency spectrum during program passages when the ‘mid-range frequencies must be de-emphasized fo pre- ‘vent over modulation. Likewise, when the high fre- ‘quency program material exceeds its 100% modulation limit, it is then limited independently of the incoming mid-range frequency spectrum. Utilizing this system ‘will therefore maintain full apparent program fidelity ‘without using substantial amounts of peak clipping ‘which may cause undesirable amounts of harmonic and IM distortion. This circuit is also compatible with 50 1S pre- emphasis when appropriate limiter PCB jumper selections are made, 3.5,L.LIMITING - PRIORITY SWITCH ‘This internal switch selects either a priority limit or a priority clip function. The switch is located inside the ‘Amigo on the top edge of the front panel control circuit board (8310 PCB). Esch switch position provides a combination of limiting and clipping, In the LIMIT position the cleanest sound i provided withthe proper amount of limiting to prevent overmodulation. In the ‘CUP position maximum loudness is provided with ‘minimal clipping artifacts. The CLIP postion is when the switch is move towards the rear of the Amigo. 3.6.REAR PANEL CONTROLS. 36.LREAR PANEL AUX OUTPUT LEVEL SWITCH ‘This switch selects either a fixed or variable auxiliary ‘output level. in the FIXED position the output signal is. fixed at +16 dBm (the front panel level controls have ‘no effect on the output signal level). In the VARIABLE, position the output level is adjustable using the front panel OUTPUT LEVEL controls. 3.62.REAR PANEL OPERATE/BYPASS SWITCH “This switch allows you to bypass the audio processing stages of the Amigo. This switch affects both ie drive to the stereo encoder and the auxiliary outputs. Al- though the active processing is defeateda pre-emphasis curveis sil active. The Amigo should never be placed ‘on the air while this switch is in BYPASS. Always select OPERATE mode for non-test applications. AMIGO Audio Processor (C) Copyright Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 1997 SECTION 4 4.1. GENERAL, ‘This section contains theory of operation for the ‘Amigo. A detailed block diagram of the Amigois found in the Appendix. 4.2, POWER SUPPLY AC power is supplied to the unit via a standard 3-con-

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