Introduction

Dropping trend among the students of public university especially in Shahjalal University of
Science and Technology it becomes a tradition. But its plays a very negative role in the career of
a students. In fact when any students drop any courses or fall in the quagmire in the dropping its
leads towards him to the poor result. Consequently when it is happens a dropper students become
frustrated or disappointed and he fall in the in a fix situation and cannot think what is needed to
do in that time. As a result sometimes he/she becomes drug addicted which plays an adverse
effects on is life. Besides these if any students can not complete his courses in a due time he has
to suffer much. This study is exploratory study which is qualitative in nature and snowball
sampling is used where data and information is collected by case study methods .This study tries
to reveal why students commit drop and what are the effects of drop and the loophole of
administrative policy by consideration a number of case studies.

Objectives of the Study

Broad Objective
To explore the causes and effects of dropping.
Specific Objectives
1. To identify the reasons behind dropping.
2. To know the consequence of dropping.
3. To know whether there is any arrangement of preventing dropping trend.

Rationale of the study

Unfortunately in almost all of the public university dropping courses more or less committed by
the students in different forms has become a common phenomenon or a tradition. It has a great
effect on students life. Sometimes dropper students face numerous psychological disorders as a
result of dropping and it is hampering not only their daily life but also will create problem in
future, particularly in their career. But unfortunately in that cases the respective authority
remains silent. And there is no research has done on this field in our university. So as a student of
Public Administration we feel necessity of exploring the causes and consequences of ragging and
the initiatives or arrangements taken by the respective authority. It is significant because it will
explore different dimensions of drooping which is ruining students life.

Review of related literature

Some books, journals, e-books, and other publications have reviewed for the purpose of better
understanding of the problem, which are as followsLatif A*, Choudhary AI and Hammayun AA in their article title Economic Effects of Student
Dropouts: A Comparative Study published 2015, demonstrated that Students dropout is a
serious issue for any country. In their study, they also illustrate some cause of drop out like
financially weak students have high possibility to dropout; Poor attendance was major reason of
students dropout without completion. Researcher also found that those students also dropout
whose parents do not interested in their study. Researcher studied that students dropouts when
they depressed by their poor are depressed by their poor academic performance.
Ayesha et.al. in their article namely Data Mining Model for Higher Education System
performed study on student learning behavior published in 2010. In this study it is reveal some
factors like class quizzes mid and final exam assignment are studied. This study will help the
tutors to reduce the ratio of drop out and improve the performance level of students.
Cesar et al.in their study titled Recommendation in Higher Education Using Data Mining
Techniques published in 2009 proposed a recommendation system based to help students to
make decisions related to their academic track.
Yadav, Bharadwaj and Pal Data Mining Applications: A comparative study for Predicting
Students Performance published in 2010 which predict the students performance they
obtained the university students data like attendance, class test, seminar and assignment marks
using three algorithms ID3, C4.5 and CART.

Conceptual Framework
Opinion of the Dropper
Students

Frustration

Poor
result

Trial of
Overlap
second
with the
time
dropped and
admission
running
courses

Drug
addiction

Over
excitement

Late in
passing

Involvement
in cycle of
dropping

Trend of Dropping
Dissatisfied
Administrative
with
Policy
concerned
discipline

Drop out
from the
graduation

Drop out
from the
graduation

Effects in
carrier

Political
involvement

Hope for
betterment
in the next
exam

Nonexistence
of
improvem
ent
system

Operational Definition

Operational Defination
Drop
If any students willingly ensure the failure of registered course by appearing or not appearing in
the examination or fail in the exam for bad performance
Dropper Students
The students who willingly ensure the failure of registered course by appearing or not appearing
in the examination or fail in the exam for bad performance.

Quagmire of Drop
When a student fall in the cycle of dropping then it is refers to quagmire of dropping.
Frustration
It refers to the blocking of motive satisfaction on one sense and on the other hand frustration is
also used to describe the unpleasant emotional state that results from blocked goal seeking, rather
than the event itself.
Poor result
Here poor results refer to less than 50 marks that indicates grade C- and C.

Methodology
Research Types
This study is mainly based on exploratory type of research. This research is exploratory type
because this study is an attempt to develop a general understanding the reasons behind dropping
trend and its impact on the students of Shahjalal University of Science & Technology

Approach of the Study

In this study, qualitative approach is used analyzing data.

Sources of Data
Data are collected from both of sources, primary sources and secondary sources.
Primary Sources
The data is collected by face to face interview from 10 respondents in this field.
Secondary Sources
The secondary data is collected from books, journals, articles, newspaper, internets.

Data Collection technique

In this study, case study method is used to collect data. Here a checklist is used to take data from
the respondent.

Population of the Study

A population is the entire group of items or individuals of interests in a study. In sample surveys,
two types of population are widely discussed Target Population
Sampling Populations
Here all the students of the Shahjalal University of Science & Technology (SUST) are the Target
population and the selected student of SUST who has experience in dropping for several times is
the sampling population.

Sampling and sample size

In this study, 10 students or respondents are selected by the snowball sampling under the nonprobability sampling. Because all target populations are not victim by ragging.

Study Area
The research is mainly conducted on dropping trend to Students. To reach out the research
purpose, researchers have taken Shahjalal University of Science & Technology for the
conduction of research. Broadly, for this, departments under the School of Social Science of
SUST have been finally taken as a research area of this research.

Limitation of the Study

Most of the respondents dont want confess that they have the experience in ragging.

Limited time.

Lack of experience.

Cost of data collection.

It is possible that all the respondents may not give us accurate data.

Secondary data is not up-to-date.

Data presentation and Findings

Administrative policy
Registration
A Student has to register his/her courses and pay necessary dues within the first two weeks of
every semester .Departmental student advisor will advise every student about his or her courses
and monitor his/her performances .A student at any level is expected to register the courses at his

level provided he/she does not have any incomplete courses from previous levels. A student will
not be allowed to appear in the examination if his/her semester and examination fee is not
cleared.
Minimum and maximum credit
A student, if he/she is not a clearing graduate, has to register for at least 12 credits minimum and
30 credits maximum every semester.
Incomplete courses
If a student has incomplete courses, he/she has to register his/her available incomplete courses
from pre3ceding levels before she/he can register courses from current or successive levels .If an
incomplete course is not offered in a given semester the student has to take the courses when it is
offered next time .A student with incomplete courses will not be eligible for distinction.
Course withdrawal
A student can withdraw a course by a written application to controller of examinations through
the head both the discipline on before the last day of instruction. The controller of examoination
will send the revised registration list to the discipline before the examination. There will be no
record of the course in transcript if the course is withdrawn.
Course Repetition
If a student has to repeat a filed or incomplete course and that course is not offered any more, the
discipline may allow him or her to take an equivalent course from the current syllabus. For
clearing graduates if any incomplete course is not offered in the running semester, the discipline
may suggest and suitable course to complete the credit requirements.
Minimum Credit for a Clearing Graduate
For a clearing graduate (8th and subsequent semester) condition for maximum and minimum
credit requirement is relaxed.
Break in study
In special cases a student may take re admission and complete his degree after a break of study
of minimum one to a maximum of three years if he or she has completed at least 80% of required
courses. He/she has to have recommendation from the discipline and the application has to be
approved by the academic council. These students will not get any additional time benefit.

Causes of dropping
Hope for betterment in the next exam

Most of the respondents said that their main reason of dropping is the hope of doing better in the
next semester. When they failed to prepare themselves for a good result, they dropped the
courses considering the betterment in the next time.
Case study: kolim uddin(pseudo)
The respondent said that he dropped the course because of doing better in the next time. He said,
At the starting of the semester I did not study regularly thinking that I have enough time in my
hand to take preparation and spent time lazily. But at the eleventh hour I started to feel that that
time is not enough for me. So with a poor preparation I entered into the exam hall and find most
of the questions are uncommon to me. At that moment I promise myself to be serious in the next
time and do better in the exam. But this next time of betterment never came to him and got into
the cycle of dropping.

Trial of second time admission

While any students dont remain satisfied with his subject and become upset he goes for 2 nd time
admission test. It is become a common trend among the students who dissatisfied with his
discipline. It is also found from our study. All most all of the respondents who dropped their
courses were not satisfied with their subject and tried for the second time admission test to get
admitted into their favorite discipline.
Case study: selu mia(pseudo)
One of the respondents who is a 3rd year second semester student with science background said
that he was not satisfied with social science discipline and tried for second time admission test.
He told, I always wanted to be a doctor but this time I failed to get admitted. As I had a chance
of second trial I should try this. Thinking that I became unconcern about my recent university
studies. And unfortunately I failed that time too. So logically several courses were dropped that
time and I could not overcome this till now.

Poor attendance and term test marks

It is revealed from our study that having poor attendance and term test marks is of the major
causes of dropping. According to the respondents, when we get poor term test and attendance
marks and it becomes known to us just few days before the exam, we dare to participate in the
exam as our results going to be fallen.

Case study:Jaglu (pseudo)

The respondent is a student of 4th year 2nd semester student and he has many drop courses in
different semester. He said, Most of the time dropped because of the poor attendance and term
test marks. This poor marks made me either dropping or
A poor result.

Group switching
From this study it is found that most of the students who were in different background could not
easily cope up with the new discipline. One of the respondents said, he was an arts background
student and was unable to understand mathematics and thats why he dropped the courses like
CSE and Statistics

Dissatisfied with concerned discipline

In some cases it is observed that some of the students of the social science discipline are
dissatisfied with his/ her concerned discipline. It is happened when any students can not admit in
his/her desired discipline. And subsequently, he becomes disappointed with his subject.

Over excitement
When any students get admitted in university, seeing lots of opportunity he becomes over excited
and he deviated from his own track. Consequently, he does not give much attention on class and
term test, having poor marks there is no way to drop in front of him.

Overlap with the dropped and running courses

It is found that when students drop any courses he has to continue the running courses and drop
courses at a time. Most cases they had two classes at a time. Final exams of two semesters
occurred either at a time or in two shifts. It becomes difficult for him to carry out such load.
Being overloaded he makes another drop.
Case study: Anik Dhar (pseudo)
One respondent said that he dropped 15 credits in the first semester. But in the next semester he
saw that classes became overlapped. He had to comprise with any course. He said, If the
courses are not overlapped I wont make another drop. He also included that exams were also
in the same day thats why he couldnt take full preparation. Because of the fear of poor result he
dropped the course.

Drug addiction
It is revealed from the study that some of the students who are drug addicted are indifferent from
their study. They are not concern about their classes as well as exams. One from the respondents
who takes drug by injecting himself (known from other source) remains sleepy all the day and
misses his classes which ultimately make him dropping the courses.

Political involvement
Political involvement is found as one of the reasons of dropping among the students. In first year
without understanding anything they got involved themselves with politics. They became busy
with their political activities like processions, canvassing etc. and unconcern about their studies.

Lack of cooperative behavior from the course teachers

It is found those course teachers are not cooperative in nature. Specially dont like the dropper
students. If any students drop any course the course teacher neglect him instead of helping him to
complete the drop courses. It is also found that drop students are seen as bad students.

Lack of clear knowledge about the concerned courses

It is reveal that when a newcomer start his academic class, he/she cannot cope up with the
learning system of concerned course teacher. For this he cannot get the clear knowledge about
the concerned courses. And subsequently, he become disappointed and determined his mind to
drop the specific course which is not clear to him.

Non existence of improvement system

It is found that In Shahjalal University there is no improvement system if anyone obtains poor
marks. So, if in the exam hall the students see that the question is not common to him and if he
participate the examination he will be fail or makes a poor result then he determined it is beeter
to drop the courses.

Effects of dropping
Frustration
One of the most visible consequences of drop is frustration .Having some courses drop, most of
the students become frustrated .Being frustrated, and most of the student involved various kinds
of activities such as political issues, cultural organization ,Drug addiction ,chain drop etc.
Sometime being very much frustrated, they become trackless and cannot decide their aims and
ambitions.
Case study 3: Rajib Saha (pseudo name)
Poor result
He said that blending class attendance, term test, and assignment marks where I got only
15-18 marks
outmost
of 30ofmarks
then I think by
thatgiving
it would
bemost
betteroftothe
drop
and subsequently
I in
According
to the
the respondents,
drop
students
cannot do well
fallfinal
in theexam
quagmire
of dropping
trend. 5much
years attendance
have already
passed
he could
not and class
the
because
of not having
and
poorbut
term
test mark
completed the honors degree and for this he become so disappointed and he think only God
overlapping.
knows what will happen in his future life.
Drug addiction
Because of being chain dropper, he/she has to face extreme level of mental pressure .To
overcome this pressure he/she does find any way to get rid of this pressure .Consequently, he/she
try to relieve such kinds of problems and not finding any effective solution he/she involved in
serious drug addiction .After drug addiction he/she has to fall also some problems.
Late in passing
If one student has to complete his/her graduation,he/she has to complete minimum 140 credit for
Social science background .Having some courses drop, he/she will not able to complete in a fix
time .On the other hand ,he/she has to complete a course in specific semester such as (one
student give drop in 1/1 semester ,he/she has to complete 2/1,3/1,4/1 ).For existing such kinds of
systems one student has to complete course within specific semester as a result his graduation
becomes late.
Involvement in cycle of dropping
It is a fact that most of the student gives drop only for getting better mark but when some courses
dropped in the next semester it becomes a burden for him and some courses become
automatically drop. For this kinds of encumber one cannot give out the trends of dropping as a
result he becomes fall into cycle of dropping.

Drop out from the graduation

In some cases, it is followed that when one student cannot fulfill his courses within specific time
he becomes frustrated and he does not decided what to do as well as he fails to select his aims
and ambitions .Being frustrated ,does not find any way he becomes drop out .
Effects in carrier
Being dropping trends, possession poor mark in result ones hopes and aspiration nipped in the
bud. Even being poor marks and lately pass, one cannot apply for the choice able post and it
hampered his/her career.

Policy Recommendation
Counseling
To minimizing the dropping trend counseling is crucial element. But most of the departments of
social science counseling are absent. It is seemed that counseling is an effective mechanism and
it plays an efficient role in case of frustration of the students and declining the dropping trend
among the students.

Arrangement of administrative policy

It is fact that there is a leakage of Administrative arrangements in this university. And for this
reason the culture of dropping trend is remaining unchanged. To reduce dropping trend
improvement system should be taken and 2nd time admission opportunity should be omitted. In
addition, to reduce the dropping trend university authority may provide 10-15% additional
credits.

Considering the attendance marks for dropped courses

One student cannot register one particular course not more than two times. And those who
registered in previous year for particular courses having good term test and attendance marks
teacher may consider their marks for the next time when he/she want to complete the course
again.

Attendance and term test marks should be informed to the students before
course registration
To minimize the dropping tendency term test and attendance marks should be hanged on the
notice board in order to inform the students before course registration. If it is properly
maintained students dont registered the course having poor marks.

Increase the flexibilities of teachers to the new comers

From early entered into university ,most of the new comers or student becomes worried their
new pattern of syllabus, new criteria of courses as well as new environment it is very difficult to
cope up with .But if course teacher may easily minimize it showing sympathy to the new comers.
For minimizing it an advisor may be recruited and it will very helpful as well as effective.

Concluding Remarks
Dropping trend creates a great harm in case of academic life of a student. But this trend can be
minimized if the authority takes appropriate initiatives or policy measures and can implement
these policies efficiently. In this study it is revealed the causes and effects of dropping trend
among the students and proposed some policy recommendation to minimize the dropping
tendency of the students. It is believed that if this trend can be declined the complexities of
teachers and students can be minimized .Sometime it happened that for being more student drop
the class room cannot sufficient for student seating and understanding of the concern topics
.Most of the time it becomes very burden for evaluating the large number of paper in a proper
way. So minimizing dropping trends all kinds of departmental arrangement should be taken .

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Data Mining Techniques, In Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining Conference.
Latif et. al (2015). Economic Effects of Student Dropouts: A Comparative Study. J Glob Econ
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http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/economic-effects-of-student-dropouts-a-comparativestudy-2375-4389-1000137.php?aid=57059 (Accessed on 8th January,2016)

john
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