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CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
POINTS TO REMEMBER

Differential Equation : Equation containing derivatives of a dependant

variable with respect to an independent variable is called differential
equation.

Order of a Differential Equation : The order of a differential equation is

defined to be the order of the highest order derivative occurring in the
differential equation.

Degree of a Differential Equation : Highest power of highest order

derivative involved in the equation is called degree of differential equation
where equation is a polynomial equation in differential coefficients.

Formation of a Differential Equation : We differentiate the family of

curves as many times as the number of arbitrary constant in the given
family of curves. Now eliminate the arbitrary constants from these
equations. After elimination the equation obtained is differential equation.

Solution of Differential Equation

(i)

Variable Separable Method

dy
f x, y
dx
We separate the variables and get
f(x)dx = g(y)dy
Then

(ii)

f x dx

g y dy

c is the required solutions.

Homogenous Differential Equation : A differential equation of

the form

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dy
dx

f x, y
g x, y
90

where f(x, y) and g(x, y) are both

homogeneous functions of the same degree in x and y i.e., of the

form

dy

y
F is called a homogeneous differential equation.
x
dx

For solving this type of equations we substitute y = vx and then

dy

dv

. The equation can be solved by variable

dx
dx
separable method.
(iii)

v x

Linear Differential Equation : An equation of the from

dy

Py Q where P and Q are constant or functions of x only

dx
is called a linear differential equation. For finding solution of this
type of equations, we find integrating factor (I .F .) e
Solution is y I .F .

Q. I.F . dx

P dx .

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1.

Write the order and degree of the following differential equations.

(i)

dy

(ii)

cos y 0.

dx
5

(iii)

d y
dx

(v)

(vii)

d 2y
sin x 2 .
dx

d 2y
1
2
dx
dx
d 3y
3
dx

d 2y
2
dx

(iv)

d y
dx

13

dy

dy

dx

(vi)

d y
dx

4.

dy
log
0.
dx

dy
1

dx

32

d y
dx

sin x .

91

(viii)

dy

dy
tan
0
dx
dx

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2.

Write the general solution of following differential equations.

(i)

dy

(ii)

x .

(iv)

dx

(iii)

dy

dx

(v)

dy

x y

1 cos 2x

(vi)

dy
dx

1 cos 2y

1 2y

3x 1

Write integrating factor of the following differential equations

(i)

dy
y cos x sin x
dx

(ii)

dy
2
y sec x sec x tan x
dx

(iii)

(v)

(vii)
4.

dy
dx

dx
3.

(ex + ex) dy = (ex ex)dx

dy
4
y x .
dx

dy
3y x
dx

dy
1

dx
1 x

dy
y log x x y
dx

(iv)

(vi)

dy
y tan x sec x
dx

y sin x

Write order of the differential equation of the family of following curves

(i)
(iii)

(v)

y = Aex + Bex + c

(ii)

Ay = Bx2

(x a)2 + (y b)2 = 9

(iv)

Ax + By2 = Bx2 Ay

(vi)

y = a cos (x + b)

x
a

(vii)

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2
2

y
b

2
2

0.

y = a + bex+c

92

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

5.

(i)

Show that y e

1 x 2 d

dx

(ii)

y
2

m sin

is a solution of

dy
2
m y 0.
dx

Show that y = sin(sin x) is a solution of differential equation

2

d y
dx

tan x

dy
2
y cos x 0.
dx
2

(iii)

x d y
dy
B
x
y 0.
Show that y Ax
is a solution of
2
dx
x
dx

(iv)

Show that y = a cos (log x) + b sin (log x) is a solution of

d y
dx

(v)

dy
y 0.
dx

Verify that y log x

equation :

a2
(vi)

x2

x 2 a2

d 2y
dx

satisfies the differential

dy
0.
dx

Find the differential equation of the family of curves

y = ex (A cos x + B sin x), where A and B are arbitrary constants.

6.

(vii)

Find the differential equation of an ellipse with major and minor

axes 2a and 2b respectively.

(viii)

Form the differential equation representing the family of curves

(y b)2 = 4(x a).

Solve the following differential equations.

(i)

dy

y cot x sin 2x .

(ii)

dy

2y x log x .

dx

dx

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(iii)

dx

dy

(iv)

. y cos x

sin x

x
3

cos x

x 0.

x
dy

cos x sin x .

dx

7.

(v)

ydx x y

(vi)

ye dx y

dy

2xe

dy

Solve each of the following differential equations :

dy

dy
2
2y
.

dx
dx

(i)

y x

(ii)

cos y dx + (1 + 2ex) sin y dy = 0.

(iii)

x 1 y dy y 1 x dx 0.

1 x 2 1

(iv)
(v)
(vi)

dy

xy dx 0.

(xy2 + x) dx + (yx2 + y) dy = 0; y(0) = 1.

dy

y sin x cos x xy e .

dx
(vii)
8.

tan x tan y dx + sec2 x sec2 y dy = 0

Solve the following differential equations :

(i)

x2 y dx (x3 + y3) dy = 0.

(ii)

dy

xy y .

dx
(iii)

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x 2 y 2 dx

2xy dy 0, y 1 1.

94

x
x

y sin
dx x sin y dy .

y
y

(iv)

dy

(vi)

dy

(viii)

2xy

dx

9.

10.

1 y

dx

1 x

3xy

(ix)

(v)

(vii)

dy
dx

dy

y
tan .
x
x

x y

2 y

x e .

dx

2
2

dx x 2 xy dy

(i)

Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching

y-axis at (0, 0).

(ii)

Form the differential equation of family of parabolas having vertex

at (0, 0) and axis along the (i) positive y-axis (ii) positive x-axis.

(iii)

Form differential equation of family of circles passing through

origin and whose centre lie on x-axis.

(iv)

Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the first

quadrant and touching the coordinate axes.

Show that the differential equation

dy

dx

x 2y
x 2y

is homogeneous and

solve it.
11.

Show that the differential equation :

(x2 + 2xy y2) dx + (y2 + 2xy x2) dy = 0 is homogeneous and solve it.

12.

Solve the following differential equations :

(i)

dy

2y cos 3x .

dx
dy

2

y cos x 2 sin x cos x if y 1
2
dx

(ii)

sin x

(iii)

3e tan y dx 1 e
x

sec2 y dy
95

0
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13.

Solve the following differential equations :

(i)

(x3 + y3) dx = (x2y + xy2)dy.

(ii)

x dy y dx

(iii)

y
y
y x cos y sin dx
x
x

y dx .

y
y
x y sin x cos dy 0.
x
x

(iv)

x2dy + y(x + y) dx = 0 given that y = 1 when x = 1.

y

(v)

xe

y x

dy

0 if y(e) = 0

dx
(vi)
(vii)
16.

(x3 3xy2) dx = (y3 3x2y)dy.

dy

dx

y
cosec 0 given that y 0 when x 1
x
x

Solve the following differential equations :

2

dy
tan x y .
dx

(i)

cos x

(ii)

x cos x

dy
y x sin x cos x 1.
dx

(iii)

x
x

1 e y dx e y 1 x dy 0.

(iv)

(y sin x) dx + tan x dy = 0, y(0) = 0.

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96

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (6 MARKS EACH)

17.

Solve the following differential equations :

y
y
y dx y sin y dx x dy x cos
x
x

(i)

x dy

(ii)

3ex tan y dx + (1 ex) sec2 y dy = 0 given that y

, when
4

x = 1.

dy
y cot x 2x x 2 cot x given that y(0) = 0.
dx

(iii)

ANSWERS
1.(i)

order = 1,

degree = 1

(ii)

order = 2, degree = 1

(iii)

order = 4,

degree = 1

(iv)

order = 5, degree is not defined.

(v)

order = 2,

degree = 2

(vi)

order = 2, degree = 2

(vii)

order = 3,

degree = 2

(viii)

2.(i)

3.(i)

y loge e e

(iv)

5x + 5y = c

2(y x) + sin 2y + sin 2x = c.

(vi)

2 log |3x + 1| + 3log |1 2y| = c.

esin

(ii)

etan x

2 log x c

4
(v)

(ii)

6
(iii)

order = 1, degree is not defined

e 1

c.

e 1

log x 2

(iii)

(v)

e1/x
1
x

97

(iv)

(vi)

sec x

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tan

(vii)

4.(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(vii)

dy
x
dx

5.(vi)

d y
dx

d y

dx

2y 0

dx

(viii)

dy

dy

dx

(ii)

4 loge

x 1

7.(i)
(iii)

(iv)

(v)

y = tan x 1 + cetan x

(vi)

x = y2ey + cy2

cy x 2 1 2y

(ii)

e x

xy

, x 0

1 x

log

x 2

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1 y

1 y
1 y

1 y

2
2

dy
dx

(iv)

y sin x

(v)

= y

16

(iii)

dx

2 sin x

y sin x

xy

d y

6.(i)

2 sec y c

1 x

1 2

98

1 y

c
x

(vi)

log y

cos x

cos x xe

8.(i)

log tan y

cos 2x

x
3y

(ii)

log y c

(iii)

x2 + y2 = 2x

(iv)

y ce

(v)

y
sin cx
x

cos x y

(ix)

x log x y y cx

y
log x c
x

(vi)

c x

(viii)

sin

y sin

x c

2xy

dy

(ii)

2y x

2xy

dy

dy
dx

dx
(iii)

tan

1
v]
x

[Hint : Put

(vii)

9.(i)

1 cos 2x
x

cos 2x x 1 e c

16
3

(vii)

y 2x

dy
dx

dx
(iv)

10.

log x

11.

xy y

y '

c
x

x yy '
1

2 3 tan

x 2y

c
3x

y
99

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3 sin 3x

2 cos 3x

2x

(ii)

y x log c x y

(ii)

cx

(iii)

y
xy cos c
x

(iv)

3x y y 2x

(v)

y x log log x , x 0

(vi)

c x y

(ii)

(iv)

2y = sin x

12.(i)

13
(iii)

13.(i)

(vii)

16.

sin x

13

tan y k 1 e

cos

ce

cosec x

x 3

x y .

log x 1

x
(i)

y = tan x 1 + c e tan

sin x
cos x
c
x
x

(iii)

17.

x ye y c

(i)

y
c xy sec
x

(ii)

(1 e)3 tan y = (1 ex)3

(iii)

y = x2.

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