Unit 2 Chapter Tour

Learning Target
Proficiency
4
3
2
1
0
Learning Target
Proficiency
4
3
2
1
0

I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.

Descriptor
Definition
Proficient
I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.
Developing
I can differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.
Basic
I can identify organic and inorganic substances important to the
human body and explain why each is important.
Minimal
I can define organic and inorganic substances.
No Evidence No evidence.
I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy in the body.
Descriptor
Definition
Proficient
I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy
in the body.
Developing
I can sequence the events of cellular respiration glycolysis, the
citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Basic
I can interpret a diagram that sequences the process of cellular
respiration.
Minimal
I can define the steps of cellular respiration.
No Evidence No evidence.

Chapter 2

Section 2.3 Chemical Constituents of Cells (p. 39-47)

Define:
Inorganic: All other chemicals not including carbon and hydrogen
Organic: Chemicals including carbon and hydrogen atoms
Carbohydrates: provide energy for cells, supply materials to build certain cell structures and often are
stored for reserve energy
Monosaccharides: simple sugars with 6 carbon atoms
Disaccharides: double sugars
Polysaccharides: many simple sugars joined together such as plant starch
Lipids: organic substances that are insoluble in water, include fats, and steroids
Triglyceride: glycerol molecule joined with 3 fatty acid molecules to make a single fat
Phospholipid: only two fatty acid chain and the third is a phosphate group which is soluble in water
Steroid: complex structures that include connected rings of carbon atoms, cholesterol is an important
one
Proteins: many serve as energy, structural materials, or hormones. Proteins are antibodies that detect
and destroy foreign material.
Amino acids: building blocks of proteins
Conformation: distinctive 3D shape
Nucleic Acids: form genes and take part in protein synthesis
Question:
How do inorganic and organic molecules differ?
Inorganic are in water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salts. Organic are in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids. To be organic you have to have carbon and hydrogen.
*Create a chart comparing the shape, function, example, monomer, polymer of the organic chemicals
in cells.

Chapter 4

Section 4.1-4.5 Cellular Metabolism (p. 76-83)

Define:
Enzymes: special proteins
Anabolism: build up of larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolism: breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis: anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a
water molecule
Hydrolysis: example of catabolism, which decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Substrate: the target of enzyme action
Active site: where the enzyme substrate complex forms
Glycolysis: 6 carbon sugar molecule is broken down in the cytosol into two 3- carbon pyruvic acid
molecules
Citric acid cycle: 3 carbon pyruvic acids enter the mitochondria
Electron transport chain: series of metabolic reactions that capture the energy in the bonds of nutrient
molecules as ATP
ATP: process in which almost half of the high energy electrons are captured that the cell can store
Anaerobic: does not require oxygen
Aerobic: requires oxygen
Metabolic pathway: sequence of enzyme controlled reactions
Question:
What is the general function of ATP?
Active transport and synthesis of various functions
What happens during glycolysis?
The glucose breaks down
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
It is required for it to happen
What are the final products of cellular respiration?
CO2, water, and energy
How does cellular respiration represent a metabolic pathway?
There is a particular sequence for the reaction and it is controlled.