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Inversa de Una Matriz Por Determinante
Inversa de Una Matriz Por Determinante
A =
1
adj
( A ) t
A
La notacin es:
A-1
Matriz inversa
Determinante
Aadj
Matriz adjunta
At
Matriz traspuesta
2x y + 3z = -3
x+y+ z=2
3x + 2y - z = 8
A=
2 1 3
1 1
1
3 2 1
A*X= B
X= A-1 *B
X=
()
x
y
z
B=
()
3
2
8
2. Matriz inversa
1
AdjA
A
-1
A =
AdjA = Bt
A=
2 1 3
1 1
1
3 2 1
) (
=
2 1 3 2 1
1 1
1 1 1
3 2 1 3 2
A = -13 0
4. Adjunta de la matriz A
Sea B una matriz de cofactores de la matriz A
A=
b 11 b12 b13
b 21 b22 b23
b 31 b32 b33
2 1 3
1 1
1
3 2 1
= - 1 (2) = -3
b11 =
1 1
2 1
B=
b13=
[ ]
= 2 (3) = -1
b31=
b12= 1 1
3 1
1 1
3 2
1 3
1 1
= -1 (3) = -4
= -1 (3) = -4
b21=
) (
=
3
4 1
5 11 7
4
1
3
1 3
2 1
] = 1 (6) = -5
b22= 2 3
3 1
= -2 (9) = -11
2 1
3 2
= 4 (-3) = 7
b23=
b32=
[ ] = 2 (3) = -1
b33=
2 3
1 1
2 1
1 1
= 2 (-1) = 3
3
5 4
t
B = 4 11 1
1 7
3
AdjA = Bt
6. La matriz inversa
1
AdjA
A
A-1 =
3
5 4
4 11 1
1 7
3
13
-1
A =
7. Remplazamos
X= A-1 *B
()
x
y
z
5 4
1 3
4 11 1
13
1 7
3
1 1 3
26
13
13
) ()
(3 ) (3 ) +(5) ( 2 ) + (4 )( 8 )
( 4 )(3 ) +(11) ( 2 )+ (1 ) ( 8 )
(1 ) (3 )+(7) ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ( 8 )
( ) ()
=
1
2
1
3
2
8
) ( )
=
13
26
13
() ( )
x
y =
z
x=1
y=2
z=1
1
2
1
3x + 2y + z = 1
5x + 3y + 4z = 2
x+ y-z=1
A=
3 2 1
5 3 4
1 1 1
()
x
y
z
X=
B=
A*X= B
X= A-1 *B
Matriz inversa
A-1 =
A=
1
AdjA
A
3 2 1
5 3 4
1 1 1
AdjA = Bt
3 2 1 3 2
5 3 4 5 3
1 1 1 1 1
()
1
2
1
= - 9 + 8 + 5 (3 + 12 + -10) = 4 - (5) = -1
A = -1 0
Sea B una matriz de cofactores de la matriz A
A=
3 2 1
5 3 4
1 1 1
b11 = 3 4
1 1
B=
[ ]
= 5 (3) = 2
[ ]
= 8 (3) = 5
b13= 5 3
1 1
2 1
3 4
3 2
5 3
[ ]
b23= 3 2
1 1
= 9 (10) = -1
7
3 5
B = 9 4 7
2 1 1
t
AdjA = Bt
La matriz inversa
-1
A =
-1
A =
1
AdjA
A
1
7
3 5
9 4 7
2 1 1
] = - 2 (1) = -3
b22= 3 1
1 1
= -5 (4) = -9
[ ] = 12 (5) = 7
[ ]
7 9 2
3 4 1
5 7
1
b32= 3 1
5 4
b33=
) (
b21= 2 1
1 1
= - 3 (4) = -7
b12= 5 4
1 1
b31=
b 11 b12 b13
b 21 b22 b23
b 31 b32 b33
= - 3 (1) = -4
= 3 (2) = 1
Remplazamos
X= A-1 *B
()
x
y
z
3 5
1 7
9 4 7
1
2 1 1
8
1
10
1
3
( 7 )( 1 ) +(3) ( 2 ) + (5 )( 1 )
(9 ) ( 1 )+(4) ( 2 ) + ( 7 ) ( 1 )
(2 )( 1 ) +(1) ( 2 ) + ( 1 ) ( 1 )
) ( )
( ) ()
() ( )
x
y =
z
) ()
8
10
3
1
2
1
8
10
3
x=8
y=10
z=3
8
10
3