ISOTHERMAL REACTORS FOR HOMOGENEUUs REAL Uns aes 48 A first-order homogeneous gas-phase reaction, A + 3R, is first studied in a constant-pressure batch reactor. Ata pressure of 2 atm and starting with pure 4, the volume increases by 75% in 15 min. Ifthe same reaction is carried out in a constant-volume reactor, and the initial pressure is 2 atm, how Jong is required for the pressure to reach 3 atm? 49 Suppose the initial mixture in Prob. 4-8 consisted of 70 mol % A and 30 mol % helium (inert) at a total pressure of 2 atm. In a constant-pressure reactor, what would be the increase in volume in 15 2 4-10¢ A stage in the production of propionic acid, C,H ,COOH, is the acidification of a water solution of the sodium salt according to the reaction . C,H,COONa + HCI-C,H,COOH + NaCl “The reaction rate may be represented by a second-order reversible equation. Laboratory data on the rate of reaction are obtained by taking 10 cm? samples of the reaction solution at varying times and neutralizing the unreacted HC] with 0.515-normal NaOH. The original amount of acid is determined from a sample taken at zero time. The temperature is 50°C, and the initial moles of HCI and C,H,COONa are the same. The data are as follows: 1, min 0 10 20 30, 50 © NaOH required, cm? 92532-1235 189144105 Determine the size of an agitated batch reactor to produce propionic acid at an average rate of 1000 Ib/h. Twenty minutes is required for charging the reactor and heating to 50°C, and 10 min is necessary for cooling and removing the products. The final conversion is to be 75% of the sodium propionate, The initial charge to the reactor will contain 256 Ib of CH ,COONa and 975 Ib of HCI per 100 gal. Assume that the density of the reaction mixture is 9.9 Ib/gal and remains constant. 4-11 The reaction mechanism for the decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide is complex, as described in Sec. 2-2. However, a satisfactory rate equation can be developed by considering the two reactions 1. 2N,0; > 2N,0, + 0, 2, N,0, = 2NO, Reaction 2 is rapid with respect to reaction 1, so that nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen tetroxide may be assumed to be in equilibrium. Hence only reaction | need be considered from a kinctic standpoint. Calculate the specific reaction rate for this reaction (which is essentially irreversible) from the following total-pressure datat obtained at 25: 1, min 0 2 «4 = 680 100 120 140 160 wm P.,mmHg 268.7 2930 3022 311.0 3189 325.9 3323 3388 3444 4730 It may be assumed that only nitrogen pentoxide is present initially. The equilibrium constant K,, for the dissociation of nitrogen tetroxide into nitrogen dioxide at 25°C is 97.5 mmHg 4-12 The production of carbon disulfide from methane and sulfur vapor can be carried out homoge- neously or with a solid catalyst. Also, some solid materials act as a poison, retarding the reaction. The following data were obtained on a flow basis at a constant temperature of 625°C and with an initial reactants ratio of | mole of CH, to 2 moles of sulfur vapor (considered as S,), The first set ofdata was + From W. F. Stevens, “An Undergraduate Course in Homogeneous Reaction Kinetics,” presented at Fourth Summer School for Chemical Engineering Teachers, Pennsylvania State University, June 27, 1955. 1 F. Daniels and E. H. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 43, 53 (1921).F3O- Fe Teo ( (ica msn x) = x 5 oe | dv x x oa a an de blr Ie Gey) xe Ga eames do = -t nok el ee bakerc C2 eee iL, ie tx Zhem VA iar es @ ko ee 21D Case Caee Ce é ff =e se E89. PO 2- Pek jet ee i as C= aa Soe LACES J = 4279 2< Dianl EG rn ape .ee . pe fo 100 ps bassy ee ee = 3 PAL b bo ® fo do 0 95 fo25) t— ber (ow) Zo 2*(2 41) (321) 7-0 Sy = S4f/uA “4 ay 4 4 be Lele ye SE tzoe yo = CL fee fre 702 potons be whe hl prods asta = 20 (22). 096 «22 = Weal j- 56 rp fr é brut a Po ee 702 gobi, atec® te feo fb. ie oe merolvecm~ ale ie = we {20 ) = PIO po hryISOTHERMAL REACTORS FOR HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS 207 48, A firstorder homogencous gas-phase reaction, A — 3R, is first studied in a constant-pressure patch reactor. AL a pressure of 2 atm and starting with pure A, the volume increases by 75% in 15 min ifthe same reaction is carried out in a constant-volume reactor, and the initial pressure is 2 atm, how jong is required for the pressure to reach 3 atm? 49 Suppose the initial mixture in Prob. 4-8 consisted of 70 mol % A and 30 mol,% helium (inert) ata total pressure of 2 atm. In a constant-pressure reactor, what would be the increase in volume in 15 min? 410t A stage in the production of propionic acid, C,H COOH, is the acidification of a water solution of the sodium salt according to the reaction C,H,COONa + HCI + C,H,COOH + NaCl ‘The reaction rate may be represented by a second-order reversible equation. Laboratory data on the rate of reaction are obtained by taking 10 cm? samples of the reaction solution at varying times and neutralizing the unreacted HCI with 0.515-normal NaOH. The original amount of acid is determined from a sample taken at zero time. The temperature is 50°C, and the initial moles of HCI and C,H,COONa ave the same. The data are as follows: ymin o eae 3 530 wf NaOH requied,cm? 52.5 321-235 «189 144105 Determine the size of an agitated batch reactor to produce propionic acid at an average rate of 1000 Ib/h, Twenty minutes is required for charging the reactor and heating to 50°C, and 10 min is necessary for cooling and removing the products. The final conversion is to be 75%, of the sodium propionate. The initial charge to the reactor will contain 256 Ib of C,H ,COONa and 97.5 Ib of HCI per 100 gal. Assume that the density of the reaction mixture is 9.9 tb/gal and remains constant. 4-11 The reaction mechanism for the decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide is complex, as described in Sec. 2-2. However, a satisfactory rate equation can be developed by considering the two reactions 1, 2N,0;—> 2N,0, + 0, 2. N,O, = 2NO, Reaction 2 is rapid with respect to reaction 1, so that nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen tetroxide may be assumed to be in equilibrium. Hence only reaction 1 need be considered from a kinetic standpoint. Calculate thespecific reaction rate for this reaction (which is essentially irreversible) from the following total-pressure data obtained at 25°C ‘min 0 20 4 66080100 120 140160 wo mmHg 268.7 293.0 3022 311.0 3189 325.9 3323 3388 3444 4730 It may be assumed that only nitrogen pentoxide is present initially. The equilibrium constant K., for the dissociation of nitrogen tetroxide into nitrogen dioxide at 25°C is 97.5 mmHg. 4-12 The preduction of carbon disulfide from methane and sulfur vapor can be carried out homoge- neously or with a solid catalyst. Also, some solid materials act as a poison, retarding the reaction. The following data were obtained on a flow basis at a constant temperature of 625°C and with an initial reactants ratio of | mole of CH, to 2 moles of sulfur vapor (considered as $,), The first set of data was + From W. F. Stevens, “An Undergraduate Course in Homogeneous Reaction Kinetics,” presented at Fourth Summer School for Chemical Engineering Teachers, Pennsylvania State University, June 27, 1955 + F. Daniels and E. H. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 43, 53 (1921),