International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 4 Issue: 3

ISSN: 2321-8169
383 - 386

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Improvement of Power Quality in Distribution System using DVR

Hemant Singh1 and Ms. Sujata Arora2
1

(M. Tech, Power sys. & control, School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar,
U.P., India)
2
(Asst. Prof., School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India)

Abstract Today PQ(Power quality) is major issue in production/power industries and distribution network. As there are numerous PQ
problems but the sag and swell are the important one. We have various CPDs (custom power devices) used for linear and non -linear loads
that can eliminate/mitigate the voltage sag and swell and finally restores the system to the pre -fault condition. This paper presents
improvement of voltage using DVR for balanced /unbalanced voltage sags/ swells and therefore MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation
Results proved the efficiency of DVR to mitigate/eliminate voltage sags /swells.
Keyword- Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Voltage sags, Voltage swells, CPD.

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IntroductionIn few recent years, power quality (PQ) is a major concern
in the transmission and distribution systems .The term
power quality may be defined The powering and
grounding of electrical equipment for the safe operation of
that equipment[1]. Power quality can also be defined as
having a bus voltage that relatively similar to sine waveform
of desired magnitude produced at power stations .Basically
means deviation of the voltage and the current from its ideal
waveform. The power electronic and non-linear devices can
cause faults, deviation from non sinusoidal waveform. Due to
These problems electricity customers and suppliers
interested in development of power quality studies. Power
quality is becoming an increasingly important topic in
information technology, and technology devices related to
communication, advanced control, automation, and on-line
service. Consumers need constant sine wave , constant
frequency and symmetrical voltage with a constant root
mean square (RMS) value to continue the production. So To
satisfy these demands, ofcourse the disturbances must be
eliminated from the system. Some of The typical PQ issues in
the system such as sags, swells, these disturbances change
the shape of the sine waveform of the supply voltage and
adversely affect the performance of equipments connected
to the system. The voltage sags /dip magnitude mainly
ranged from 10% to 90% of nominal voltage and with
duration from half a cycle to 1 min and swell is defined as an
increase in rms voltage or current at the power frequency
for durations from 0.5 cycles to 1 min. typical
magnitudes are between 1.1 and 1.8 p.u [3]..Voltage sags
can cause due to faults on the transmission or distribution
network (mostly on parallel feeders), faults at customer
premises, by connecting substantial loads and starting of
large motors [1-2], etc. Due to sags, malfunction of
equipment, de-rating of electric rotating machines, maloperation of contactors and electromechanical relays and
loss in efficiency,etc. Voltage swells are occurred due to
start/stop of heavy loads, improper regulated transformers,
I.

improper designed power sources, etc. Due to swells, data

loss, flickering of lighting and screens, stoppage or total
damage of sensitive equipment if the voltage is high, etc.
Devices which provide protection for industry and
commercial customers from power quality problems [3]
(sags, swells) Those devices are known as custom power
devices. CPDs are appeared to provide compensation
against power quality issues. Different methods are there to
mitigate voltage sags and swells, but by the use of a custom
Power devices is considered to be the most efficient method.
The concept of custom Power was introduced by N.G.
Hingorani in 1995. Like Flexible AC Transmission Systems
(FACTS) for transmission systems, the term custom power
pertains to the use of power electronics controllers in a
distribution system, especially, to deal with various power
quality problems. Flexible AC Transmission (FACTS) and
custom power devices has introduced an emerging For
power quality enhancement, the development of power
electronic devices such as Flexible AC Transmission System
branch of technology providing the power system with
versatile new control capabilities [4,5]. They can be
classified into two groups, series and shunt compensators.
Series compensators like DVR are usually designed for
voltage quality improvement whereas shunt compensators
like DSTATCOM are designed for current quality
improvement. The CPDs are developed and installed at the
load point to meet the PQ standards .DVR is series
connected device and the best cpd to mitigate voltage sag
and swell. The operation of DVR is to inject a voltage of
the required magnitude, phase angle and frequency in series
with distribution feeder to maintain the desired amplitude
for steady/constant load voltage[6]. Each of Custom Power
devices has its own benefits and limitations. There are
numerous reasons why DVR is preferred over the others. A
few of these reasons are . for example is The SVC pre-dates
the DVR, but the DVR is still preferred due to the non
ability of SVC to control active power flow [7]. Other
reason is DVR costs less compared to the UPS [6, 7]. Some
383

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 4 Issue: 3

ISSN: 2321-8169
383 - 386

_______________________________________________________________________________________
more reasons of DVR is of its higher energy capacity and
lower costs compared to the SMES device [5]. Furthermore,
the DVR is smaller in size and costs less compared to the
DSTATCOM [5]. By seeing previous reasons, it is no
surprise that why the DVR is widely considered as an
effective custom power device in eliminating voltage sags
and swells[8]. This paper Introduces Dynamic Voltage
Restorer (DVR) and its operating principle. Then, analyses
of the voltage correction methods and simulation results
using MATLAB.
II.
DVR Theory.
The first DVR was installed in 1996 [8]. DVR (Dynamic
Voltage Restorer) is a series connected CPD can be used to
injects voltage into the system to regulate the load voltage.
generally installed between the supply and the load feeder
of distribution network [9]. Its basic function is to quickly
compensate the load-side voltage when disturbance occurs
in order to avoid any power outage to that load [7, 10]. DVR
can be implemented using numerous circuit topologies and
control schemes. Except voltage sags/swells mitigation,
DVR has some more entertaining features like: voltage
transient reduction, compensation of harmonic line voltage,
limits the fault current.
II.1 Injection / Booster Transformer
Its main task is to restrict the coupling of noise as well as
transients from primary side to secondary side. it is used to
inject the compensating voltage by VSR(voltage source
converter) to the incoming supply voltage. it acts as the
connecting link between the Hv-winding and distribution
network. However, can also provide isolation between load
and system.
II.2 Harmonic Filters
Its main task is to keep the harmonic voltage produced by
VSC (voltage source converters) to the acceptable/tolerable
level (i.e. Inorder To knock out high frequency switching
harmonics).It can be approx 2% of the load MVA [12].
The DVR consists of one Injection / Booster transformer,
one Harmonic filter, one Voltage Source Converter (VSC),
and a Control and the Protection system as shown in Figure
1.[12]

II.3 VSC
VSC(voltage source converter) is an electronic power
system basically consists of a storage device and switching
device, it can produce a sinusoidal voltage of any required
frequency, magnitude, and phase angle. In the DVR, VSC
can replace the supply voltage or can produce the missing
part of the power supply voltage[13,14-15].
II.3.1 Switching Devices
There are four fundamental types of switching devices: Gate
Turn-Off thyristors (GTO), Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET), Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistors (IGBT), and Integrated Gate Commutated
Thyristors (IGCT). all has its own advantage and
disadvantage. IGCT is a newest compact device with an
enhanced performance and excellent reliability.
II.3.2 Storage Devices
The basic motive of storage device is to fulfill the needful
energy to the VSC via a dc link for the production of
injected voltages. Some important energy storage devices
are SMES (super conductive magnetic energy storage)
Batteries and capacitors
II.4 Control and Protection system
The general layout of control system mainly consist of
hardware (DSP- digital signal processing ) boards with
programmable logics and DSP board software provides
detection and correction types of controls, filters are
genrally used and algos used in these filters are FT(fourier
transform). only software is used in implementon of
protective functions examples are load side short ckt current
and transformer differential current [11, 17].
III.
Operation of DVR
The basic task of DVR is to inject a VDVR produced by a
series Vsc with the help of booster transformer in to the
bus.The three injected phase voltages amplitude are
controlled to remove the harmful effects in the VL(load
voltage) due to the bus fault.it means that if any trouble
occurs in AC feeder will be counterbalanced injecting an
same amount of voltage produced by VSC throught the
booster transformer. Basically the DVR has two modes of
operation firstly standby mode and second boost mode. In
case of standby mode (VDVR=0) means, the low voltage
coil of booster transformer is shorted to the converter. In
such case switching of semiconductors do not occurs.Most
of the time DVR is in this mode. In Boost mode (VDVR
>0), a compensation voltage is injected by the DVR through
the booster transformer by Noticing disturbance of supplyvoltage.

Fig. 1 Series connected DVR topology

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_______________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 4 Issue: 3

ISSN: 2321-8169
383 - 386

_______________________________________________________________________________________
IV.

DVR Simulation Model

Fig. 5.2 Load Side Voltage after clearing the Voltage Sag by
DVR

Fig. 5.3 Supply Side Voltage with 50% voltage Swell.

Figure 4.1 DVR Simulation configuration model.
The MATLAB/Simulink and Sim Power System toolboxes
are used to modelled and simulate the DVR (fig-4.1). The
three-phase programmable source is connected to the threephase load via the DVR. The power factor of load is
lagging. VSI of the DVR is connected to the system using
an injection transformer. A ripple filter for filtering the
switching ripple in the terminal voltage i.e connected across
the terminals of the secondary of the transformer. The dc
bus capacitor of DVR is selected based on the transient
energy requirement and the dc bus voltage is selected based
on the injection voltage level. The task of dc capacitor is to
decides the ripple content in the dc voltage. The control
algorithm for the DVR is simulated in MATLAB. The
reference load voltages are derived from the sensed terminal
voltages, load supply voltages and the dc bus voltage of the
DVR. A pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is used
over the reference and sensed load voltages to generate gate
signals for the IGBTs of the VSI.
V.
DVR Simulation Results
A simple MATLAB distribution network is simulated to see
the performance of voltage sags and swells of DVR by using
various impedances to the supply side bus.The DVR
simulation was performed usingMATLAB/SIMULINK
program to confirm the operation . the performance of DVR
is checked for different supply voltages disturbances and
their corresponding sags and swells voltages. Three-phase
voltage sag is simulated and the results are shown in
Figure-5.1 . it shows 50% voltage sag initiated at 100 ms
and continued until 200 ms, with a total voltage sag for 100
ms. In Figure-5.2 Load Side Voltage after clearing the
Voltage Sag is shown as DVR injects corresponding
compensated load voltages at 1 p.u. , load voltage is kept
through out the simulation, including the voltage sag
duration. It is also noticed that in case of normal operation
DVR is non-operational as soon as DVR detects sag and
swell it instantly injects desirable voltage so to make the
load voltage steady. Similarly ;in case of voltage swells also.

Fig. 5.4 Load Side Voltage after clearing the Voltage Swell
by DVR
In Fig.5.3 we see the performance of DVR for the case of
voltage swells. Swell in supply is initiated at 0.1 sec for a
period of 100 ms and here we also observed that In case of
both sag and swell the load voltage is modulated to steady
amplitude by DVR by injecting a controlled voltage , due to
that load voltage side we get a constant value as shown in
fig. 5.4.
VI.
Conclusion
The overview of DVR is presented in this paper and we
found DVR can mitigate the sags and swells. DVR is found
to be the best solution for the sensitive devices previously
for which the impact of sags and swells are severe. DVR is a
low cost, small size and fast response device. DVR can be
used in balanced as well as in unbalanced conditions without
any problem.DVR can quickly eliminates the sags and
swells from the system and restore it to prefault condition.
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 4 Issue: 3

ISSN: 2321-8169
383 - 386

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