IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 04 | October 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Cavitation Process a New Tool for Waste Water

Treatment
Chaitanya .S. Khaire
Student
Department of Civil Engineering
YTCEM, Maharashtra, India

Prof. P. J. Salunke
Head of Dept. & Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
MGMCET, Maharashtra, India

Abstract
Cavitation can be defined as phenomenon of generation, growth and rapid collapse of the cavities of a liquid as cavitations and in
these particular case hydrodynamic cavitations. In this work, the cavitations process is selected to treat waste water coming out
from the industries. The industrial waste water which is coming out from various industries will be treated by the cavitation
method and the readings for pre-treatment and post-treatment will be compared by altering various operating conditions. As the
treatment process is concern the water will be circulated by pump of 150 LPM capacity for three trail conditions and main
concentration parameters to be analysed are BOD, COD, TDS, TSS and pH as these are the major constituents in the waste
water.
Keywords: Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), Industrial Wastewater treatment, Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), Total
Suspended Solids (TSS), Liquid Per Millions (LPM)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

The name cavitation originates from Latin word cavitas a hollow space or cavity. It is mainly used in physics, hydraulics and
other numerous branches of technology. The correct analysis of cavitation phenomenon was done by Reynolds in 1894.This
process of generation or intensity of cavitation mainly depends of several parameters such as the local conditions of high
temperature and pressures along with very high intensity fluid turbulence and it also depends on the geometry of the constriction
and the flow conditions of the liquid i.e. the scale of turbulence and the rate of pressure recovery. Cavitation generated using
ultrasound irradiation has been categorized as acoustic cavitation whereas when generated using hydrodynamic means
(interchange of flow energy and pressure energy), it is described as hydrodynamic cavitation.Controlling the geometric and
operating conditions of the reactor results in generation of required intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitations.
In recent years there is rapid growth in industrialization. In regards of development of country and to meet the ever growing
demands of population, the industries have introduced various processing units which results in discharge of various heavy
toxic substances and large molecules with it, due to this problems the present conventional waste treatment methods cannot be
used for complete treatment of the waste water and As these waste water effluent are directly released in the environment which
ultimately pollutes the environment and other water bodies. By adopting cavitation method for treatment of waste water, this
method can be found out effective over convention treatment method or can be used prior before the convention treatment
method and that treated water can be used for secondary purpose also which could have gone waste.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Parag R. Gogate and Aniruddha B. Pandit[1] analysed that due to the presence of various heavy toxic substances and large
molecules in the wastewater streams, the present conventional biological methods cannot be used for complete treatment of the
effluent and hence, introduction of newer advanced oxidation processes such as cavitation, photocatalytic oxidation technologies
to degrade these refractory molecules into smaller molecules, which can be further oxidized by biological methods, has become
imperative.
J. Ozonek a, K. Lenik b[4], has studied the effect of the change of inducers shape and surface on the cavitation process and
the effect of different design features of the reactor on hydrodynamic cavitation process. MojcaZupanc[2]shows the removal of
pharmaceuticals using a combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and hydrogen peroxide under different operating conditions.
Aniruddha B. Pandit[5] analysed various applications of hydrodynamic cavitation such as Enzyme recovery, Microbial cell
disruption ,Water & wastewater disinfection and Oxidation of pollutants. Anand G. Chakinala, Parag R. Gogate, Arthur E.
Burgess, David H. Bremner[6] studied the treatment of real industrial wastewater by combination of hydrodynamic cavitation
and heterogeneous Advanced Fenton Process (AFP). They investigated that the hydrodynamic cavitation is only used as a
pretreatment with an aim of reducing the total cost of remediation.

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Cavitation Process a New Tool for Waste Water Treatment

(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 04 / 027)

III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The basic arrangement for experimental setup of a laboratory scale for waste water treatment plant by using cavitations method
is as shown in Figure 1.the setup consist of a empty slots which is replaced by venturi plate of inside diameter 8 mm or by
orifice plate which will operates at atmospheric pressure. The tank (10 lit) for waste water storage. The pump is use for
circulation of waste water and valves are used for regulating the flow.
Following are the specifications / operating condition of hydrodynamic reactor:
1) Pipe size-
2) Regulating valves 3 in Numbers.
3) Feed Tank size 10 litres.
4) Pump capacity 150 LPM.
5) Number of orifice plate-1 Number.
6) Number of venturi -2 in Numbers.
The temperature will be maintained constant by providing an external cooling ice bath

Fig. 1: Operating condition of hydrodynamic reactor

IV. OPERATING PROCESS

After the successful setup, there will be conduction of series of trial for analysisthe effect of cavitating device on waste water by
changing the various operating parameters with respect to time. following are the steps for operating process
1) Step 1: Take10 Litres waste water in to the tank.
2) Step 2: Take venturi plate and place in union joint as shown in figure.
3) Step 3: Start the pump.
4) Step 4: Regulate the flow rate.
5) Step 5: Circulate water for 15-30 min.
6) Step 6: Check all parameter of waste water.
Trials 1) Connect 2 venturi in series and check parameter of waste water with specified time. Trials 2) Connect one venturi
and orifice plate and check parameter of waste water with specified time.
Trials 3) Connect 2 venturi and one orifice plate and check parameter of waste water with specified time.
For all the three trails the pre-treatment and post treatment parameters will be analysed for the particular time periods and then
the waste water will be analysed with the main concentrations on parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Potential Hydrogen (pH) as
these are the major constituents in the waste water. The results will be compared for each trail with specified time period and
same with the conventional treatment.

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Cavitation Process a New Tool for Waste Water Treatment

(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 04 / 027)

V. CONCLUSION
The cavitation method has been selected for waste water treatment. The waste water treatment will be analysed by conducting
the stated process and by altering the different operating parameters and the same data will be analysed with each trail for pretreatment and post-treatment.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This paper would not have been come into reality without the able guidance, support and wishes of all those who stand by me in
the development. I wish to give my special thanks to my guide, Prof.P.J.Salunke, for their timely advice and guidance.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

[5]
[6]

[7]

A Review of Imperative Technologies for Wastewater Treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions Parag R. Gogate, Aniruddha B. Pandit
Chemical Engineering Section, M.U.I.C.T., Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India April 2003
Hydrodynamic cavitation: a technique for augmentation of removal of persistent pharmaceuticals? MojcaZupancDepartment of Environmental Sciences,
Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Cavitation as a Novel Tool for Process Intensification of Biodiesel Synthesis. Mandar.A. Kelkar, Parag R. Gogate and Aniruddha B.PanditChemical
Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019
Effect of different design features of the reactor on hydrodynamic cavitation process J. Ozonek a, K. Lenik b,* aInstitute of Environmental Protection
Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbysztrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland b Department of Fundamental Technics, Lublin University
of Technology, ul. Nadbysztrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Hydrodynamic Cavitation: for Water Treatment Prof. Aniruddha B. Pandit Institute of Chemical Technology University of Mumbai India.
Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences by Kenneth S. Suslick, Yuri Didenko, Ming M. Fang, TaeghwanHyeon, Kenneth J. Kolbeck,William B.
McNamara III, Millan M. Mdleleni and Mike Wong School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,600 S. Mathews Ave.,
Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Heterogeneous Advanced Fenton Processing Anand G. Chakinala 1, Parag R.
Gogate2, Arthur E. Burgess1, David H. Bremner1BremnerSchool of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay Dundee, DD1 1HG Dundee, United
Kingdom 2Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400 019 India.

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