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Documentos de Cultura
Problems and Prospects of Tea Factory Workers A Study with Reference To the Nilgiris
District, Tamil Nadu
*P.Radha
**G.Mary Suji
*Professor, Department of Management, SNT Global Institute of Management Studies and
Technology Madhukarai, Coimbatore.
** Assistant Professor Department of Management, Bharathiar University arts and Science
College, Gudalur-The Nilgiris.
Introduction
Tea is one of the most popular and lowest cost leverages in the world and consumed
by a large number of people. Tea cultivation is confirmed only to certain specific regions of the
world due to the specific requirements of climate and soil conditions. The majority of the tea
producing countries is located in the continent of Asia, where China, India, Sri Lanka are the
major producers. Africa tea growing countries are located mostly around the tropical regions
where Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda are the major producers. Apart from these
regions, some quantities of tea are also being produced in South America (Argentina, Brazil,
and others), the Near East (Iran and Turkey) and the CIS (Russia and Georgia). Amongst these
tea producing countries, the principal producers are China, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya and
Indonesia. These five countries account for 77 per cent of world production and 80 per cent of
global exports.
Orgin of Tea in India
Although the development of tea as a thriving industry in India has been more recent,
historical records indicate the prevalence of tea drinking in India since 750 BC. the ultimate
thrust towards commercial cultivation was driven by the incorrigible tea addiction by British.
Chinese varieties of tea were first introduced into India by the British, in an attempt to break
the Chinese monopoly on tea. The British, using Chinese seeds, plus Chinese planting and
cultivating techniques, launched a tea industry by offering land in Assam to any European
who agreed to cultivate tea for export. Maniram Dewan(1806-1858) was the first Indian tea
planter, and is credited with establishing the first commercial plantations if the Assamese
variety of tea.
Indian Scenario
India is the largest producer and consumer of tea in the world. India also leads in
global Research and Development in the tea industry. India is the largest manufacturer and
exporter under the British management. The farm ownership, however, is fragmented. The
listed companies account for about 40 per cent of total tea plantation. Also, there are a large
number of small players. Some 80 per cent of the farms are of the size less than 8 hectares
and contribute only 10 per cent of the production. The annual per capita consumption in
India is low at 650gm compared to other countries like Pakistan (950gm), Sri Lanka (1.2kg),
UK (2.5kg) and Ireland (3.16kg).
The labour cost is the largest cost overhead accounting for 60 percent of the total cost
of production of Indian tea because the tea plantations are not just economic production unit,
but rather social institutions, which controls the lives of their resident work force to a large
extent. Apart from employment, the plantations are also responsible for providing housing,
water, welfare and many other facilities that affect the daily lives of the workers. This is
because most of the employees come from socially and economically weaker sections of the
society and the majority of employees are women who work and reside in an ideal industrial
community. Their livelihood is directly linked with the prosperity of the tea industry.
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