WORKSHOP FLOTADORES Mittens acter age’ Tratamento c de Aguas Oleosas al Different Types of Flotation Technologies * Induced Gas Flotation (IGF) — Mechanical IGF — Hydraulic IGF (Eductor) + Dissolved Gas Flotation (DGF)Flotation Process By attaching a small gas bubble to an oil droplet, it will decrease the density of the droplet which will increase the rate at which it will rise to the surface. © 900 Fo go Foo go Critical Flotation Criteria — Population of Gas Bubbles — Size of Gas Bubbles — Distribution of Gas Bubbles — Oil Droplet “Rate of Rise” Induced Gas Flotation System (IGF) * IGF Systems can be MECHANICAL or HYDRAULIC. — The MECHANICAL SYSTEM + Uses a motor and paddle assembly to basically shear the gas out of the water. + As the paddle spins in the water, it agitates the cell with small bubbles. * This system requires extensive maintenance. The motors, bearing, and paddles need to be greased and oiled.EVOLUGAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTACAO Q 18 GERAGAO - Gas Induzido — via Mecanica (Agitador) Q 28 GERAGAO - Sparge Tubes Q 3*GERAGAO - Gas Induzido — via Hidrdulica (Edutor) 4" GERAGAO - Gas Dissolvido ~ via Bombas DGF EVOLUGAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTAGAO Evolugéo baseada na Lei de Stokes: g D2 (p-p') 18 onde: g = gravidade D = didmetro particula p =densidade particula p' = densidade fluido ht = viscosidade Flotagao = f (agentes de flotagao, granulometria da particula, densidade da suspensao, velocidade de aeragao, agitacdo, estabilidade da espuma e pH)EVOLUCAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTACAO, Q 1? GERAGAO - Gas Induzido - via Mecdnica (Agitador) .Tamanho de bolha: 200 a 2000 ym “% O sistema requer manutengao constante (motor, mancal e pas) Induced Gas Flotation System (IGF) * IGF Systems can be MECHANICAL or HYDRAULIC. — The MECHANICAL SYSTEM * Uses a motor and paddle assembly to basically shear the gas out of the water. + As the paddle spins in the water, it agitates the cell with small bubbles. + This system requires extensive maintenance. The motors, bearing, and paddles need to be greased and oiled.EVOLUGAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTACAO Q 2" GERAGAO - Sparge Tube Tamanho de bolha: 25 a 100 um 0 sistema utiliza um tubo poroso para gerar bolhas pequenas na agua. ‘% Os tubos porosos sdo vulneraveis a ‘entupimento. “% Problemas de seguranga_ na remogao e limpeza dos —tubos, principalmente quando da utilizagao de acidos. iH el CORTE AA EVOLUGAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTACAO Q_ 3° GERACAO - Gas Induzido — via Hidrdulica (Edutor) ‘Tamanho de bolha: @ = 50 a 1000 um. * Uso de bomba de recirculagao para funcionamento do edutor, que induz pequenas bolhas de gés na agua. A bomba de recirculagao recicla de 40% a 125% dependendo da configuragao do equipamentoEVOLUGAO - TECNOLOGIA FLOTACAO Q 4* GERACAO - Gas Dissolvido - via Bombas DGF Tamanho de bolha: @ = 1 a 100 um “Nao necessita de edutores, agitadores mecanicos ou spargers A bomba cria uma bolha muito menor e o tamanho pode ser controlado pela valvula__ de pressao. BOMBA DGF - Caracteristicas ¥ A bomba DGF possui rotor de dupla fungao. Y Regido de pressao sub - atmosférica onde o vapor é comprimido em micro bolhas. Y As bolhas sao dissolvidas no liquido. YA pressao otima na bomba esta entre 40 © 60 psi. ¥ A bomba requer engenharia de instalagdo, visando definir velocidade de escoamento, e tempo de residéncia no trecho entre a descarga da bomba e a entrada do vaso.BOMBA DGF Bomba DGF desligada Bomba DGF ligada apés 5 s. Bomba DGFI igada apés 30 s. DGF Technology Flow & Pressure The flow rate of the liquid in the discharge piping and the backpressure on the system are key factors to creating the smallest bubbles possible. An optimum velocity of the system piping should be 1 to 2 feet per second. A minimum saturation time of ten (10) seconds is needed in the discharge piping before the backpressure valve. The optimum backpressure on the system is between 45 and 65 psiDGF Discharge Piping Design * To calculate the discharge piping size and length, the following formula can be used: Q=VtaA Q = Flow Rate V = Velocity of Fluid Media A= Area of Pipe (D = 3.1415 * R?) Multiply the Velocity by 10 seconds to calculate the length of pipe needed before the backpressure valve. DGF Gas Consumption Svs | inevteroia | ste See cia | Sven [ene [Ne von sco —_[10 8x 6.38 [ENC OSFDL F r ate z 7DGF vs. IGF Technology Comparison ° DGF produces smaller micron gas bubbles than IGF + DGF produces a much greater population of gas bubbles than IGF * DGF can “Dissolve” gas into produced water, whereas IGF Induces Gas COMPARAGAO — TECNOLOGIAS FLOTACAO ASPECTOS DGF EDUTOR | SPARGER TECNICOS Flexibilidade de Alta Moderada | Moderada Operagdio Eficiéncia Remogaio Alta Média Baixa TOG Uso Polieletrélito Baixo Normal Alto Tamanho Bolha 1a100 | 50a1000 | 25a 100 (micron) Manutengao Baixa Normal | Excessiva Taxa de Reciclo 15a25% | 40a 100% NA LLtt Wp ‘CORTE LONGITUDINAL ‘embas de reese HO 5 == cata coietera de aleo =— ‘oide Ge agua oie‘compacto, Caracteristicas Técnicas - Vantagens _ Carcteristicas Vantagens Peso reduzido Flotador Horizontal @ Vertical de design ‘Ocupa érea bastante reduzida, ‘Menor prazo de instalagao. ‘Separador Centrifugo Spiralsep na linha de allmentagdo da agua. Promove a separagdo do 6leo livre jé na lula de entrada do equipamento. Geragdo de milhdes de microbolhas de ar ‘com diémetro muito reduzido Altos niveis de desempenho na flotaggo. \VazGo de reciclo de no maximo 20% Proporciona grande economia de energia ‘létrica em relagdo ao sistema convencional (reciclo de até 50%) Caracteristicas Técnicas - Vantagens | Carcteristicas Vantagens Grande flexibilidade operacional frente Absoreao de picos de vazBo e TOG as variagdes de vazio. Sistema de flotagdo a Gas Dissolvido, Alta eficléncia na separagao de dle Monosep Corporation. ‘com bomba especial “Dissolved Gas Flotation Pump" patenteada pela Baixfssimos teores de égua no leo recuperado, permitindo 0 procassamento do ‘mesmo sem separagGes adicionals. Meio Coalescente, Uma célula extra com uma coluna de Promove a coalescéncia das gotas de dleo de pequeno diametro, reduzindo o consumo de auxiliares quimicos (polieletrdltos) Sistema de descarga do coletor de éleo Controle eficiente da qualidade do élleo ‘microbolhas. vertadores 6 feita pela corrente de ecuperado com sensor para interface recuperado. 6leo-4gua. ‘A indugo do 6leo flotado para os ‘Skimmer sem raspadores mével descartando o consumo de energie ‘e despesas com manuten¢ao. tricaCaracteristicas Técnicas Vantagens Tempo de Residéncia: 10 minutos Volume operacional do vaso (m°) Vazéio nominal (m*/h) + Vazo reciclo (m®/h) t(h)= + Vazo Reciclo Monosep << Vazao Reciclo Convencional (20%) (50%) Redugao de Dimensaio e Peso do Flotador Tecnologia Pitch & Roll ¥ Instalago de uma tampa interna no topo do vaso (double head) com uma tubulagdo para captar o dleo flotado. ¥ Garantia de no maximo 3% da vazao de rejeito de 6leo com a redugao do excesso de agua que verte com o dleoEfici GRAFICO. EFICIENCIAFLOTADOR TSL.!SS- 06 Tithe DATA Centrifugagao do Rejeito: Balanco Volumétrico da unidade de eSparagao de agua oleosa com tratamento CRT ie | ‘Torte oloosa (259% slides) oars sae ste sole (ates Sau) r 765,00 ee 135,00 ae PraG.quinico 85,00 sae gua 1.00006, nn 00 “otal 1.600 00} aia wai ‘pare tombor ou ContalInduced vs Dissolved Gas Flotation _Gas Flotation Mechanisms e Complete wetting of gas bubble by oil film e Requires very low contact angle Foam on water surface retains oil as a floating film e Attachment of hydrophobic contaminant to gas bubble Moderately low contact angle between gas and oil e Requires contaminant surface to be hydrophobic e Most effective with similar gas bubble & contaminant diameters Hydraulic drag of contaminant behind rising gas bubble e Hydrophobicity not required ‘ Can be dominant mechanism with larger gas bubbles Some authors claim this mechanism is dominant in oilfield e All mechanisms favored by high gas bubble surface area INATCGGROUP|[— suse se vel — 01» Bae uso — 01 Dos nav — Vaso #78]Darete un)pressure, the amount water near ambient temp r bbI of water water imp Discharge Feed Recycle Rate to D Gas SolubilityInduced Gas vs Dissolved Gas Flotation Induced Gas Selected Over Dissolved Gas for Lower Vessel Flotation in VersaFlo e Dissolved gas breakout produces very small bubbles (5 to 50 micron) that require very low fluid velocities for flotation without significant gas carry-under. e Typical residence times for DGF systems are 0.5 to >2.0 hrs e Due to limited gas solubility, dissolved gas flotation requires very high pump pressures (500 PSI or higher) to dissolve sufficient gas for oilfield flotation ro) Induced Gas vs Dissolved Gas Flotation Induced Gas Selected Over Dissolved Gas for Lower Vessel Flotation in VersaFlo e Uniform gas bubble distribution can be difficult e If generated externally, DGF gas bubbles can coalesce in distributor piping e If generated internally, DGF gas bubbles will be too small to rise against water currents e There are no true DGF systems operating offshore in the oil industry. Eco 00)Induced Gas vs Dissolved Gas Flotation Advantages of Induced Gas Flotation Gas bubbles can be generated within the IGF vessel, eliminating bubble pre-coalescence in distributor pi Gas bubble size controlled by eductor operating parameters Rate of gas introduction is easily controlled Gas bubble distribution is over a wide area, allowing for efficient contact between gas bubbles and all oily contaminants Key Design Features for VersaFlo™ e Produced Water Cyclonic Inlet e Releases gas slugs to avoid oil skim layer upsets © Distributes water with swirl motion over cell cross section ¢ 2 Stages of Oil Droplet Coalescence Centrifugal force through water inlet pre-coalesces oil © (Optional) Natco-lescer™coalescing media Effectively 2 Stages of Flotation e Dissolved gas breakout-bubble flotation in upper vessel Hydraulic Induced Gas Flotation in lower vessel © Baffled outlet nozzle prevents fluid short-circuiting Equipped with chemical injection system for efficiently dispersing high MW flotation polymers NATCO Proprietary Information. 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