,.

SOCLETY,OFPETROLEUMENGIN@M OF AM
63OO North Central@pressway
Dallas,Texas
THIS IS A PEZPRINT--- SUBJECTTO COIWWJ?ION

PROPER

SELECTION

OF

DRILL

BITS

AND

THEIR

USE
/

by

w. J. Hightower,Hughes TOO1 CQ., wdlmd~

Tex.

PublicationRights Reserved
This paper is to be presentedat the MechanLcaiEngineeringIMpectsof DrillingProductIon
Symposiumin Fort Worth$ Tex., on March 23-24, 1964j and is consideredthe propertyof the Societyof
PetroleumEngineers. Permissionto publish i+ hereby restrictedto an abs$ractof not more than 300
words,with no illustratioris~
unless the paper is specificallyreleasedto the press by the Editorof
the Journalof PetroleumTechnologyor the ExecutiveSecretary. Such abstractshouldcontain
conspicuousacknowledgmentof where and by whom the paper is presented. Publicationelsewhereaflier
is grantedon
publicationin JournalOf Petrole~ Tec~ology or Societyof PetroleumEngtneersJournal.
request,p>cvidingproper creditis given tha~ publicationand the originalPresentationof the Pal?er
D.iscuesio~
of this paper is invited. Three copies ofany discussionshouldbe sent to the Society
of PetroleumEugineersoffice. Such discussionmay be presentedat the abote meetingand considered
for publicationin one of the two SPE magazineswith &he paper,
ADSTRACT
A procedurefor drillingabruptlychangtng
formationis discussed.This procedureincludes
the use of electricaland radioactivitywell.logs
and five foot intervaldrillingtimes to arrive
at operatingconditionsfor the bit and to aid in
bit selection.

speed is desirablein the abrasiveformationsbe~ause of extremelyrapid tooth wear at~igh RPM.

The high ro%ary speed is desirablein the nonabrasiveformationsbecause abrasivewear is not
seriousand in such formationsdrll.ling
rate
respondswell.to an increasein RPM,

These practiceswouldbe r&sonably satisfactoryif the formationabrasivenessand

The resultsof a riwnberof field tests have
dri.llability
remainedcoustantthroughoutthe bit
shown a significantimprovementin bit performrun. IZ Is known, however,+hat fo~ations often
ante.
changeseveraltimes duringa bit run and as a
result*he weight sad rotaryspeed practtcesthat
INTRODUCTION
are wed on each bit are a compromisebetween the
best weight and rotary speed for %he individual
On drilling?xLgsthat do not have independent formationsdrilled. Ideally,the best operating
rotarydrives~the ncrmai operatingpracticeused practtcesshouldbe used for each different
today is to selectotieof the rotary speeds
formationencountered.
availablein the rig sad to maintai~that rotary
speed during the entirebit ruq. It is also a
The purposeof this paper is to discussand
generalpracticefor the dr~llerto irurease
show.howwell log? end.drillingrate logs maY be
weight somewhatas the bit dulls in order to
used in abruptlychangingformationsto determine
maintainan acceptabledrillingrate, Normally, wh&t kind of formationis be.irig
drilled. ~en
the bit is pulledwhen bearingfailureor loss of byusing practicalexperienceand the theoretical
gauge causesexcesstorque or unacceptabledrill- work for homogeneousformationsas a background,
practicesfor each type of formation
ing rate i?xlicates
a dull bit. pxactic.al
experi- operating
ence and theoreticalconsfderationefor homoge,ne- encounteredmay be selecte&. PerformancecomOUS.formations have shownthat-moderateweigh%. .parisonsare.give~ showingthe_@e M.tiprove:
and Mgh rotary speedare best for the fast drill- ments that may be exgectedby using the proceduxes which are discussedin %his paper. ,
Lng non-abrasiveformationswhile heav$erweight
@d lower rotary speed are better for the slow
EFFECT OF EORMATIOIV
ONROMBITT~!J~
D~~E
MXMng abrasiveformations. The low rotary
.i-,Wear of ~ckbtt teeth cannotial&be
Referencesand illustrationsat end of paper..

LBITS AND THEIR USE

L?!ZQ%2
In a,givenformation,it is generallyfOuna
classifiedas either abrasivewear or as chipping from observationof well.logs and drillingtime
sad breakage. Abrasivetype wear is associated
plots that %ncreasesin porositycause pronounced
with formationsthat contiRin
high percentagesof
increasesin drillingrate. This_L5true even in
silica such @ sandstone,quartzit~,chert.and
the permeablebeds if large pressuretii.fferenti-
any of the formationscaptainingsand. Chippage
als betweenmud pressureand formationfluid
or breakagetyye wear is associatedwith the
p~essuredo not exist. However,in comparingtwo
dense-orhigh strengthformationssuch a? the
different
format~ons,porositycannot be used as
hard limes, dolomitesand the sln?ongest
sends
an indicationof how easilythe rock will drill.
where a lot of wetght.L~necessary.tomake the
As an example,in many cases sanc%stones
will
bit drill. Experiencehas indicatedthat in pure drill fasterthan many shaleseven though sandshale formationslittletooth wear occursdue to
stonesare generallyless porous than the shales.
the shale being very non-abrasive. The same is
Thus$ it becomesdbviousthat the plotiting
of
true in porous limestonesthat do not contain
the drillingtime on the well log and the obsersand. It is very importantthat those formations vation of the effecton the &rillingrate of the
whLch are damag%ngto the cuttiing
structureof a
variousformationsis very important.
rock bit shouldbe driX1.ed
with cautionand,
operatingpracticesshouldbe utilizedwhich will PLANNINGTHE BIT RUN
minimizethis damage as.the formationis
Collectionof Dr~lllngData
penetrated.
The first phase of planningany bit run is
to gatherall availableinformationon bit
perfommnce in the formationsto be drilledand
the enviro?xnent
in which the bit,will operate.
Information
availablemay includebtt records?
well logs, drillingtimes,dullbit gradingand
equipmentcapabilities. Often it will be difficult to obtain all of this information,however,
every effort shouldbe made to obtain it. Bit
recor3.s
shouldbe scrutinizedTor accuracyand
dull bit gradingshouldbe made by a well
qualifiedindividual.

IDENT:FICATION
OF FORMATIONS
~relllogs have been used for years by
geologistsfor findingproductionzones in oil
and gas wells. At presentthe well logs most
suitedfor the purposeof selectingbit types and
correlatingformationchangeswith changesin
drillingrate are~
1. InductionElectricalSurvey tig
2* Gamma Ray Neutronlog
The scope of this paper is not intendedto
discussin detailthe interpretationof elec$rica
and ra~ioactivitylogs. The reader is referredt
the many technicalpapers and docum~ntsthat
have been publishedon the subject.

&iaLyzingthe,DxillingData
.
The fi?!st
step in analyzzngdrillingdata is
to plot drillingtime, bit runs, and dull bit
gradingon the well,logs. From this P1o$, takin&
into accountthe dullingof the bit, the various
The Inciucti.on
ElectricalSurvey log provides
indicationsof pe~eab$li.tyGP8 values of porosit formationsandtheir effecton the drillingrate
which generallyenablesone to distinguishshales maybe determined. The plot also aids in
~alyzing the effect of%he formationson bit
which are impermeableand porous,Rrom either
permeablebeds or other types of lm~ermeable
wear which will be useful in determiningoperatformations. Tne GsamwRay Neu+xcoh
log essential
ing conditionsand bit selections. An exampleo~
distinguishesshale from other formationsand
drillingtime plots on electricand rad.ioacti.vi.t~
providesa measureof the porosity. If the
well log~ is shown in Fig. 1. It maybe seen in
lithologyof the area is known, the i.dentificatio these particularexamplesthat on the electrical
of the variousformationscan generallybe easily log, drillingtime decreasesevery time apermedeterminedfrom the well.logs.
able send bed [indicatedby the most negat%ve
portions of the spontaneous-potential
curve]is
encountered,while ?n the radioactivitylog,
Byplottihg five foot drillingtime on the
well log, one can observe$he effect various ,
drillingtime decreaseswhen porosityincreases
formationshave ou drillingrate. .Thenwhen a
[lowerneutron count].
subsequentwell ?.sd??illed$
it Is posstbleto
determinewhat formationis being drilledby
By using the ojeratingconiiitions
and lengtl
of tlriethe bit was on bottom,it is pos~ibleto
observing$he changesin the drillingtimes. Whe
calculatea bearinglife factorlfor the pexticu.
there is good correlationof formationsfrom one
well to another,the,drillingtime plots of the
This MM
enableon<
lar type,,of
mud being used.
to.makea good estimateof the probablebearing
two wellswillbe very similar,and it willbe
possible.
to determine.whatformationlies ahead o
life.to
be expecteduuder.sayoper@h&. conditi.oI
and will be useful in estimatingthe total amounl
the bit. When poor correlationis observeddue t
of hole that may be drilledwith a bit.
faults, severeformationclips,or variationin
..
formationthickue~sesfrom one well to another,
Finally;a thoroughanalysisof the entcire
there is uncertaintyas %0 what formationslie
hydraulicsystem shouldbe made and @
improveahead.
,.

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.-

-.

W. J. HIGHBARGER

PE-794
.

ment that may be obta%nedwith the pumping e@prnenton the rig shouldbe incorporatedin
subsequentwells.
Bit Selection

... ..

it will not be possibleto predictwhere the

abrasivesectionsof hole will be encountered
duringthe bit run and operatingconditionson
the bit must be determinedby drillingrate
changes. For example,If a drillingbreak is
experiencedand it is known that a drtllingbreak
occurswhen a sandstoneis encountered,then
operatingconditionscaa be ad~ustedappropriately.

Bit selectionis one of the most importsat

aspectsof the over-alldrillingprogram. Normal
practiceused in selecttngrock bit types is to
follownearbybi% recordsor to ~udge from the
Pullingthe Bit
last bit that was run. Both of these procedures
are weak becausethe bits used on previouswells
are not necessarilyof khe pr~per type and the
It is often difficultto properlydecide
,
when to pull a bit, but with the use of well logs
formationto be tirilled
is not necessarilythe
drillingtime plot+, end dull bit gradings)
same as that drilledby the last bit. In most
much more informationis availableto the driller
areas, as the well is being drilleditiwill be
concerningprobablebit conditionand the formapossibleto utilizethe drillingtimes to continuallyascertainwhat formationis being
tions to be encountered. This will preventmistekinga formationchange for a tiullbit an(ithe
drilled. Thus, when it is necessaryto select a
rock bit to be run in the hole it willbe possiprematurepullingof a bit with considerablelife
remaining.
ble to identifythe particularformationsthat
lie ahead sad with the informationconcerning
prcbablebearinglife ati the effect of formaAnalyzingthe Bit Run
tions on bit wear, bit footagemay be approxiIt is of utmost importancethat the entire
mated. Then a prudentselectionof the best bit
b~t run be analyzedas soon as it is completefi
type can be made.
while the detailsare still fresh in ones mhi.
Suggestionsfor improvementsshouldbe noteilfor
In sume are~s due to faulting,folding,or
thinningof the formationsit will not alwaysbe
use on subsequentwells.
possibleto preclict
what formationswill be
.encountereii
w~th the next bit. In such cases it
FIXLD APPLICATION
vill be necessaryto rely on experl,ence
in the
bit select.l,on.
Resultsof operationalPlanning
OperatingPractices

Fig. 2shows structurallycorrelateil

el6ctric logs from two wells drilleii
in Cass County
of East Texas. On the log for well A [between
In areas where there is good correlationof
formationsfrom one well to anothertheapproxi6,750 and 7,500 ft.] are shown drillingtime,
bit operating,and bit performanceinformation.
mate clepths
where formationchangeswill occur
maybe predicted. With the preseut state of.our Prior to the drillingof Well B> it was no%ea,
from the electriclog that the drillingbreaks
knowletlge it is not possibleto actually calculrxte
theoptimumweight and rotary speed to useia
occ~rea in the sand beas. Since in thi.sinterval the abrasivesand beds are the sectionsof
each formation,but from experienceand the work
of Ref. 1 as a backgrotid,acceptableweighteand hole most damagingto the rock bit teeth, L% was
clecided
that when Well B wasdrillefi,the rotary
rotary speeasfor each of the formationsmay be
selected.
speed would be reauced
eachtime a driiling
break occurred; On Well B, the practicefollowed
From fiela experienceit is known that many of was to run 67 I+FMinthe shale. When a drilling
to 40
the tooth damagingformations[seadstone,quartz- break occurredi,nthe smd, RIM was retiuced
i:e, chert,clenselime, tiolomite,
etc.] will drill Regardlessof whetherthe bit was drillingsend
relativelywell with a dull bit, while the shales or shale,the weight was inc~easecl ,gradualiy
as
the bit dulled,varyingfrom46,000to 60)000
requirealongerand sharpertooth. Thus/ it is
desirableto plaqfor new.bitsto go into the
poundso
hole at the top of a shale sectionwhen possible.
Ifnear the enri
of the bit run a tooth damaging
Using a drillingtime plot as Wqi B was
sectionis encountereat
or if one lies Just &head, drilledanclcontinuallydeterminingwhat forma.
tions were being drilledand what formationswere
theziit is extremelytipoxtantto try to get
throughit with the dull bit. This necessitates to be encountered,eve~ effortwas nacleto drill
as much as possibleof the more abrasivesections
advanceplaming of operatingconditionst
particularlyin the tooth.demagtngsect~ons~anctmay: ~ of hole with a dull bitz--thus
.al.lowing
the newbit to inttiallydrill the lesserabrasive
requirethe use 0$ weightsanclrotary speeds
which normallywould be consiaerecl
inef~icient. ~ formations. A cost comparisonof the +xrowells
coveringthe same sectionofhole is given in
Fig..3. The averagecost per foot in this sectiol
~ someareas where there is little or no
from $1.o.16
to $6.24. AXI.of
correlationof formationsfrom one well to mother oftialewas ~eaticea

PROPER SELECTIONOF DRILL BIIISAND THEIR USE

SPE.794
,<.

the savingsindicatedon Well B cannotbe

more abrasiveformationsrequirethe use of
attributedsolelyto the alteringof operating
carbidebits and it is importsmtto know where to
practicesin the variousformations. In the top
spot them. Fig. 5 shows an electricLog on Well
portionof the hole it is felt a better bit
E in HoustonCounty,Tex., sad a five foot
drillingtime plot on Well.F that was being
selectionwas made and over the enkire sectionof
hole slightlyhig~erweight
was used. In addidrillediIIthe ssme area. This drUJ.ingtime was
tion, mud weight and vi.scosity
were less, being
plottedduringthe drillingof Well 1?and correlated with the electriclog ofWel.1E.
reducedto 9,6 lbs/galand 38 viscosityon Well
B comparedto 10.0 lbs/galad 42 viscosityon
The problem in this area of spottingcarbide
Well A. Actually,slightlymore hole was drilled
bits is that when fM.lU.ng the bottom of the Subon Well B with four rock bits than was drilled
Clarkesville[between7,89o and 8,16.5zt on Well
with sevenbtts on Well A.
E] a bit generallyis completelydulled and
Note i; Fig. 2 that aa OWVbit was run in the ceasesto drill.when it entersthe shale underlying the Sub-Clarkesville.This gives tine
hole at 6,830 ft on Well B and that ~ OSC-lG
wknt into the hole on Well A at 6,776 ft which Is impression that a very abrasiveand hard.formatd.onhas been enco~tered aad the apparently
structurallyat the seinedepth. On Well Atihe
obviousbLt selectlonis a carbidebit. When the
bit drilled50 ft of shale,96 ft of shalewith
carbidebit is run, %%_yillnot drill theshale
dense sand stringers,and then was pulled before
at an acceptablerate Wd generallythe bearings
encounteringa thick dense sand section. It was
suffer considerablewear before the Woodb@e is
pulledbecause of slow drillingrate due to
topped;
excessivecuttingstructuredamage in the hard
dense sand stringers. It was reasonedthat if
*he bit on Well A had drilledInto the thick
Fig. 5 showshow the drilli.ngtlme
changed
dense sand sectionbegindng fit6,955 ft, it
sllghtily
at 7,9$5 ft indicatingthat the top of
the Sub-Clarkesville
had been encountered. The
couldhave made considerablymore fobtageeven
though it i.ras
dull. The OWV bit was chosenon
top of the Woodbine-ischaracterize by a drill.ing break such that five feet may be drilledin
Well B since it had a greaterresistanceto
abTaSiVe
wear and somewhatgreaterbearing
about six to 12 n$.nutes.The firstW7R-2 which
capacitythan the OSC-lG.Actually,the OWV bit
was run in at 8,156 ft was pulled in a very dull
conditionand the drillingrate had sloweddown
performedas hoped for on Well B, drillingcomconsiderably.This indicatedin conjunction
pletelythroughthe dense sand sectionbetween
7T015 and 7,110 ft. Similarreasoningwent into
with the electriclog that it had enteredthe
the bit choiceand selectionof operating
shale sad since no drillingbreak of six to 12
conditionsused on subsequentbits of Well B.
minutes for five feet had occurred,a second
W7R-P was run. This W7R-2 did get the drilling
An extremeexempleof the value of being able break and enoughofthe top of the WoodbJnewas
drilledto assurebeing well into it. Care must
to arill to a particularpoint ina well.so that
be exercisdanot to firilltoo much of the Wooda cuttingstructuredamagingsectionof hole can
be drilledwith a dullbit is illustratedIn Fig. bine or the bit will get out of gauge. The W7R-2
4. On Well C the bit that went b the hole at
was then pulleiIand an RG-lT was ruui The notes
were made at the time
5,564 ft was pulledbefore encounteringthe short on the drillingtirpe.plot
Well l?.
sectionof extremelyabrasiveformation[between of dill.ling
which is very demagingto the
5)965 and 5,W?ftl
AftertiellF had beencohpleted,
an electricuttingstructureof a new bit. Immediately
cal log was run, and Fig. 6 shows the,valtdityof
below this abrasivesectionlies an easily
drillednon-abrasiveshalewhich cannotbe drilled the conclusionsdrawn in placingthe RGIJ in the
top of the Woodbine.
satisfactorily
with a dull bit. The bit that
went in at 5,944 ft drilledthroughthe sand and
PreventingPrematurePullingof aCarbideBit
into the shalemaking only 38 ft in 2-3/4 hours
spd had to be pulledbecause of being dull. On
In the BalckeField of Andrews Countyin West
Well-Dthe bit that went iu the hole at 5,514 ft
[comdrilledthroughpracticallyall the very ab~asiv
e Texas the Fusselmanad Montoyasections
bined thicknessof 450 ft,arenotmally
encounsectionbetween 5,875 and 5,925 ft. ~tin when a
new bit went in the hole at 5,922 ft.in the skale tered below 24500 ft seep. These formations
consistof dense limestoneand chertwhich
a very good run was obtainedend a significant
responii
best to the carbidebit. l?ig.7 shows
savingswas made. .Xnthe East Texas Fairway
Tield areaof HendersonCouatythis type of short Gamma Ray Neutronlogs of two wells i~?thelkdcke.
bit run frequentlyoccursand inmost cases COW d Field. A thin shale sectian5s encounteredafter
.bs~voitid..w~th
SQrneoperatlO~alp
LW.@g.
. . .azg~o~.a?=Ay.@?f! !%? been ~?lle.d%d.?
drasticdecreasein penetrationrate at this,pointhas previouslycauseathe pullingof the
PlacingofCarbideBits
carbiaebit in favorot
asteeltookhedbit. Iog
on close-bylocatlonstrdtcatetha$this shql.e
In areaswhere formationsnw greatlyin
section is noxmkllyno mo~e than10 ft thick and
abrasivenessand drillability,the harder and
,)
..
.

v. J. H

?+794

since it is known that the formationunderlying

the shale is best sui%edto carbidebits,savLngs
may be effectedby worryingthroughtheshale.
ObservingFig. 7 it can beseen that %his entb?e
sectionof appxoxima%ely450 ftcanbe drilled
more economicallywikh carbidebits. Well G
shows that theRG-1 bit was pulledwith only a
foot or two of the shale remainingto be drilled,
The foll~wingsteel toothedbit made a short run
and was tiripped
to ~ anothercarbidebit. Well
H illustratesa carbidebit drillingthnoughthe
shale at a greatlyreduceddrillingrate md
then drillingapproximately100 additionalfeet
of the hard formationunder the shale.
This complete 450 ft sectionhas recentlybeen drilled
with one carbidebtt.
CONCLUSIONSAND COMMENTS
This worlihas shown that the Induction
ElectricalSurveylog and the Gamna Ray Neutron
log cm be very valuablein planninga drilling
program.They can aid measurablyiR the choice
of bit tfles antiselectionof bit operating
conditionsfor each differentformationand.can
be invaluablein the spotttngof carbidebits
into the proper formation. It is felt that only
the beginntngof knowledgehas been gained in the
use of well logs in the planningof a well, but
that much more will be learnedin the future.
Unfortunatelyno well log existswhich gives
informationconcerningthe abrasivenessofthe
formation. Eowever,if the existing
well logs
are used in conjunctionwith dull bit gradings.
and drillingtime plots, it can be determined
how,damaging+he individualformationsare to th~
bit.

KBARGER

ACKNOWtiDGMENT
me authorwishes to theuk E. M. Galle,H.
B. wo~ds, and M. A. Foreman,of Hughes Tool Co.,
for their help In preparingthis paper, for their
encouragement,and for the many Constructive
discussionsduring the.development
Of this
practice.
liealso wishes to acknowledgethe assistance
on the interpretationof well logs givenby R.
B. Wilson,Rayna brining Co.
He is also greatilyindebtedto the many
fii.llers$
ToolpushersjEngineersand Drilling
Contractorsthroughoutthe drillinglnduwtryfor
their cooperationand.assistancein.the development end applicationof the.$epractices.
REFERENCES
1. Ga12e, E. M. and Woods, H. B.s Variable
Weight and Rotary Speed for LowestDrilling
Cost,presentedat AnnualMeeting of
AflODc}2960, New Orleans,La.; and How to
CalculateBit Weight and RotarySpeed for
Iawest Cost Drilling,The Oil-an~Gas Jour.
[NOV,
Lband 21, 196o].
2.

%troduction to SchlumbergerWell Legging,

SchlumbergerWell SurveyingCarp.,Ibcument
Number8, 1958,

A% the present,the bit operating.conditions

whtch will producethe best bit performance
throughthe variousform&ions
must be determine
from experience. Theoreticalwork to determine
how these formationsshouldbe Willed would be
very helpful,however,the complexityof the
problemmay preventa practicalsolution.
In some areas~ correlationbf formationsfroz
one well to anotheris impossible,3iowever,
in
most cases correlationIs sufficientlygood to bc
of great Value in planuingthe drillingof a we~
In such cases,the well log can help the con- ,
txrac%or somewhatas a road map and highway
markershelp the tourist,each can pemnitmore
economicalplans to.coverthe road ahead.

. . . . . . . ..

,._

.. . .

,,.

S?OHTAkO~&TEHVAl

CONDUC11V17Y
millfmhdrn- ~

~~

DRILLING
MINUTES

Ssumss,
21.

I-vk

,4000

2000

lb IfstwA

Ml-mm

1,0

TIME
S

FEET

?,0

Jo

H -

\
o

PER

20
,
WUclml
.-- ..- 4- __~o

mms

Hmll

II

Anmw.ntwl

DRILLIN6

TIME

,.

.-.

!
,

~ect

of Formation ,,Change~ on Drilling Time

Figure
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E=il
comucrwn

lmilw$wJtanM

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COMRUCIIVITY
MMlmkdm - *
1000

INDWTIOH
9s4

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s?wulif&Iwln

WILLING
TIME
MINuTCS 1R 3 FICT

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wcteHT-40e00
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RPM

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80

IMOUCTIOM
.P
. .-- -..-..

.,

Well B

Well A
Performance Comparison

Figure

~.-. ...,...

.-.

..... .

,.

100

200
k-.

w
w
~

300

.s
;
g

400

F
n
g

900

WELL

600

7:0 o
o
,.

ACCUMULATIVE

COST,

TOTAL FOOTAGE DRILLED

NUMBER OF BITS
FOOTAGE PER BIT
TOTAL ROTATING TIME, HRS.
AVG. DRILLING
RATE, FT/HR.
TOTAL COST, DOLLAfiS
AV& COST PER FOOT
.,.

-.4 . .

-..

. . ..

... .CoStComfyirison
.

Fi$ure

,)
:,
7,,.

6000

6000

4000

2000

DOLLARS

WELL A

WELL B

688
7
98.3
75.5
9.1
$6,994
$10.16

704
4

.. . . . . . ..

176
50.7
13.9
,$4,303
S 6,24

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rlHrAgEm.r&lwlAl

CONDUCTIVITY
mlll[mhadm
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Well C

la

Well D

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Advantage of Drilling o Damaging F6rmation With a Dull Bit

,- -Figure

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DRILLING TIME

sfQIIIAWOWJIEHllAL

MINUTES

PER 5

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------0200
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.

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1 1 1

I
t

1 I iII
I I 1.1
1II 1
+
I

Well E

1 I

1 I I

1 I

l-n-

I
I I
-t -ii 1

Well F

Placing a Carbide Bit

Figure

..

----

---

.,.

.J.

-.

..

.....1;..

4
._

c,.

=,
..
,

..

PoNTAH:gfUfHrlAl

COHOUCTIVITY

RESISIIVITY
ohms.m/m

DRILLING
TIME
MINUTES PER 5 FEET

mllllmhot/m - +6

16 NORMAL

w
s

aq

poo
iwo

INDUCTION

26
1

IOOQ

50

7B
1

100

126

ii
z

p..lf::::p.gg

.&,

I 1 t 1

PROBABLE
TOP
OF WOODSINE

I 1 I

1 1 I

IW-w-!!t
+=+
,

I I

Well F
Check on Placement of Carbide. Bit

Figure

I I Url

1 1

1.1

I J

,,

,.

I GAMMA

RAY

NEUTRQN

~10

300 0

Well G

Well H
Preventing

Premaiure Pulling of a

Figure 7

Carbide M