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A. S. ODEH
MEMBER AIME
F. sEIIG
ABSTRACT
A second-order approximation to. the exact solution of
the diffusivity
equation corresponding
to the pressure
build-up ofa well producing at a variable rate is derived.
This approxitnation is applicable when the wells shut-tn
time. is larger than the total time elapsed since the well
was first produced. The resulting equations are compact in
form and easy to use. Thus, the need for Horners
theoredcally precise but rather laborious solution to the
above problein is eliminated. In addition, these equations
apply where the use of Horners widely known approximate @ethod is questionable.
From a practical point of view, the reported method is
best suited for analysis of drill-stem tests and short production tests conducted on new wells.
(1)
(2)
kh
INTRODUCTION
Pto=P$~
ANALYSIS
TECSSXOLOCY
...
or source sol.
AP =-
lf
and is given by
-ik.
QP
4nkht e
q (~),
is variable,
then
Q = ~ q(r) dr
o
and
;t
p,p
= J4rkh
_We-4-)d
t r
T,
(5)
[J
P=zm
where A
-&
q(T)
4rkh //+
O-re
Data
<)7
(6)
rwy)pc
T
* ~ _478.5
(
t+e-~e
+=d-a-a
+Ei
-$.......
, )]
(7)
liu.
,.=+hy) . . . . . . (!+
= 11 hours,
-t 319 x 3 -t- 159,5
x 3) 24
24x11
= 260.9 reservoir B/D.
Extrapolation of the straight-line portion which is given
t~
+ o
>1 (Fig. 1) gives an iniapproximately by 2> ~
tial pressure of 3,000 psi.
162,6q%p.
kh =
= 97 md-ft where P = 0.6 CP, and
m m is the slope of the straight line = 263 psi/cycle. For
comparison, the same example was worked out using
Horners method, Fig. 1. It resulted in an initial pressure
of 3,005 psi and a kh of 77 md-ft. A simulated case on
an R-C network electric analyzer resulted in an initial
pressure of 3,000 psi and a kh of 100 md-ft,
and
TABLE
%@+
. .
(lo)
q(T)
where Ei (-x)
p. represents
EXAMPLE 1
1.
~ dr
t+er
@
f.ko
q(.) ~- + ~r
Jt t+e T
.
1-SCHEDULE
FOR CONDUCTING
Tlmw Intewol
(hotird
0.3
47a,5
::$.;
PRODUCTION
:$.;
19:9
:$
TASIE
Sh~J-$inTnw
;
5
;
TEST
Prawfb
JPQg_
2812.5
2S3S
;W*5
2SAND.FACE
PRESSURE
Shy~&uf~rne
::
15
17
Pressure
~
2919
2929,5
2935
2942
2910
791
196S
.
..-
\1~ .
-....
3000
\.\
. .. .
~ ----%.,
~
~
_..
2900
Y..
,
\...w,
.
~
~
P8C0
T*Q
METHOO
.. . HORNER%
THF.
METHOD
i
MODIFIED
TIME
SHUT-IN
SHUT-IN
M2Q!.EW
TIME
TIME
EXAMPLE
2.A FIIHJ)
l%.
Dam
the
Thus, the~obpdined
. #
~obtained
89-
+ (366 229)113+
(480
+ (546480)168]/[38
+ 366-229
366)143
+229-.69
+ 480-366
i- 546-
= 69 minutes.
9* =
17.0X24X60
69
=355
480] ~)
r
reservoir B/D.
~x+e
The extrapolated
straight-line
portion
of the ~
162.6
= 150md-ft/cp,
385
h
Forcomparison, the calculations were made using z=55
minutes, i.e., the second flow period time, This is what
is normally done in DST calculations.$ Thus, q =
17X60X24
= 445 reservoir B/D. The results, as shown
55
(&)
S-DST
DATA
Initial
Closed.!n Pressure
&l
.j&.~
FROM TEST
PRIWW
AXIJ
I141; 2.
185 nld-tt/cp,
DISCUSSION
Solution
I: (Eq. 12) =
~I,OIYCAPACITYESAXI
CASK
i SHUT-lM~
TIME
SHUT-IN
TIME
RUN ON WELL
sec;::dFyw
[&l
Final
Clesed.in Pressu~
Time
&+lnJ
&
OF
PETROLEUM
1ECUNOI.OGY
.
*.-
fa]i approximately
;ZG=l
,.
..
.,,
,,,
A~<I
-F/4p
6 e
end with
in
A~~Q
+ ,
()
1 +$
=$-$+~
(A.6)f4
(A-7 )
~o, ,
q(r)dr-q*
t<
..
Jc
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
(1,=
1,
.
?0,
DERIVATION
r)q(r)
d,
(A-8)
q>
($+Ao)
...
.0.
(A-9)
.,.
Setting u, = O yields
t
APPENDIX
{A + 1-
REFERENCES
. Pressure Build-Up in Wells, Proc., Third
%~drke?v C~;g., The Hague (1951) 11,503.
J, C,: conduction
of Ifeut in
solids, Second Ed. (1959 ).
3, DoIan, J. P., Eirsarsen, C. A. and Hill, G. A.: .%ecial AP lication of Drillstem
Test Pressure Data, Trans., AIIIE
(1957) 210, 318.
4. Johnston Testers, Inc.: Prrscticul DrilC.Stem Test Manual.
5. Amrnann, C. B,: Case Histories of Analysis of Characteristics
of Reservoir Rock from Drill-Stem Tests, .frrur. Pet. ?ech.
(.MW, 1960) XII, No. 5,27.
6. Zak, A. J., Jr. and Griffin, Phil, 111: Evaluating DST Data,
Oil und Grss jour, (April 15, April 29 and May 13, 1957).
(A-5 )
[Ei(-+)-13(---#&)]
~h(t-$-)-)
-#++; +4(t-d+
1
.4
1 corre-
qxro= q(T)dT=V
J
o
Setting a, = O yields
t
.4v+w
(A-11)
AV,
(A-12)
Vl
dr =Y+
~o
4,-fi(;7:].
,,,.,
,:=
g(~)r
, or
(A-13,
/,=
:(r)~ d~
1 ; ,.
,.
(A-14)
q(r)dr
Jo
-t#),q*=;
Z* =2(1
tends toward zero for large values of 6. We will write A
as a power series in 6- in the form
q*t#,::
t+6
196~
. .
.
,IU1,Y,
(r - 7) ~
.
*,
. ..
T) q[r)rfl$
(A-16)
(A-3)
?+
(t
f
(A-17)
P*-P
[
L.%s@.ti
Using the full expression for A, it is easily seen that
t
o
. . . . (A-15)
al = O,
a g-- O.....,...,..
. .
~pfwct
.
16k*h#
{A-4)
.:
.,
,,
..
. .
. .. .
...
-.
m,m
.. ..
?
1
APPENDIX B
Eq, 12 from Eq.9,0ne
Inordertodcrive
observes that
AV
- yields
and
q(r)
At
t
~f- J
f(7)T Jr = x
o
~
,.
...
:
V,i+l
t,+,
-t,
vW(f-l
).
...
.,.
(B-1 )
v,,) . . . (B-2)
i(,)d, =31(V!,+1
0
Jo
Assuming that the changes in compressibility and temperature of the produced fluid during the flow periods
are negligible, one can write for any time r during the
flow periods
v =
$+&=
t
J
Z+hL=CV+
h,,
(B-3)
-p,
Cp()
(B-4)
where P, = h]. - ~,
2g
t,=+
7 fh
9(T)dT
J o
-%i{[(%-~)r+l-(f-~)f
- $[(f-p):{+l-(%
-~)fil
. ..
(B-5)
4..
,.
.,
711
X[(p,,:,
t,=l~k
811
w,,+,
p,,)
(t,+,
+ t,)]
-
,.
PI,)
JOURNAL OF FETROLEVMBECSSNOLOGW
?94
,.
..