Chapter 2 Test PDF

Chapter2 TheChemicalContextofLife
Multiple-ChoiceQuestions
1) About25ofthe92naturalelementsareknowntobeessentialtolife.Whichfourofthese25elementsmakeup
approximately96%oflivingmatter?
A) carbon,sodium,chlorine,nitrogen
B) carbon,sulfur,phosphorus,hydrogen
C) oxygen,hydrogen,calcium,sodium
D) carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen
E) carbon,oxygen,sulfur,calcium
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Traceelementsarethoserequiredbyanorganisminonlyminutequantities.Whichofthefollowingisatrace
elementthatisrequiredbyhumansandothervertebrates?
A) nitrogen
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) sodium
E) phosphorus
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.1
3) Threeorfourofthefollowingstatementsaretrueandcorrect.Whichone,ifany,is false?Ifallthestatements
aretrue,chooseanswerE.
A) Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andnitrogenmakeupapproximately96%oflivingmatter.
B) Thetraceelementiodineisrequiredonlyinverysmallquantitiesbyvertebrates.
C) Virtuallyallorganismsrequirethesameelementsinthesamequantities.
D) Ironisanexampleofanelementneededbyallorganisms.
E) Alloftheotherstatementsaretrueandcorrect.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.1
4) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?
A) Atomsofthevariouselementsdifferintheirnumberofsubatomicparticles.
B) Allatomsofaparticularelementhavethesamenumberofprotonsintheirnuclei.
C) Theneutronsandprotonspresentinthenucleusofanatomarealmostidenticalinmass;eachhasamass
ofabout1dalton.
D) Anatomisthesmallestunitofanelementthatstillretainsthepropertiesoftheelement.
E) Protonsandelectronsareelectricallychargedparticles.Protonshaveoneunitofnegativecharge,and
electronshaveoneunitofpositivecharge.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
Page1
5) Eachelementisuniqueanddifferentfromotherelementsbecauseofthenumberofprotonsinthenucleiofits
atoms.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthenumberofprotonsinanatomsnucleus?
A) atomicmass
B) atomicweight
C) atomicnumber
D) massweight
E) massnumber
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
6) Themassnumberofanelementcanbeeasilyapproximatedbyaddingtogetherthenumberof__________in
anatomofthatelement.
A) protonsandneutrons
B) energylevels
C) protonsandelectrons
D) neutronsandelectrons
E) isotopes
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.2
7) Whatistheapproximateatomicmassofanatomwith16neutrons,15protons,and15electrons?
A) 15daltons
B) 16daltons
C) 30daltons
D) 31daltons
E) 46daltons
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
8) Oxygenhasanatomicnumberof8andamassnumberof16.Thus,theatomicmassofanoxygenatomis
A) exactly8grams.
B) exactly8daltons.
C) approximately16grams.
D) approximately16daltons.
E) 24amu(atomicmassunits).
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
9) Thenucleusofanitrogenatomcontains7neutronsand7protons.Whichofthefollowingisa correctstatement
concerningnitrogen?
A) Thenitrogenatomhasamassnumberofapproximately7daltonsandanatomicmassof14.
B) Thenitrogenatomhasamassnumberofapproximately14daltonsandanatomicmassof7.
C) Thenitrogenatomhasamassnumberof14andanatomicmassof7grams.
D) Thenitrogenatomhasamassnumberof7gramsandanatomicnumberof14.
E) Thenitrogenatomhasamassnumberof14andanatomicmassofapproximately14daltons.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
Page2
10) Calciumhasanatomicnumberof20andanatomicmassof40.Therefore,acalciumatommusthave
A) 20protons.
B) 40electrons.
C) 40neutrons.
D) AandBonly
E) A,B,andC
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.2
11) Anatomwithanatomicnumberof9andamassnumberof19wouldhaveanatomicmassofapproximately
A) 9daltons.
B) 9grams.
C) 10daltons.
D) 20grams.
E) 19daltons.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
12) Differentatomicformsofanelementcontainthesamenumberofprotonsbutadifferentnumberofneutrons.
Whatarethesedifferentatomicformscalled?
A) ions
B) isotopes
C) neutronicatoms
D) isomers
E) radioactiveatoms
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
13) Howdoisotopesofthesameelementdifferfromeachother?
A) numberofprotons
B) numberofelectrons
C) numberofneutrons
D) valenceelectrondistribution
E) amountofradioactivity
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
14) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweentheatomsdescribedbelow?
Atom1
1
H
1
Atom2
3
H
1
A) Theyareisomers.
B) Theyarepolymers.
C) Theyareisotopes.
D) Theycontain1and3protons,respectively.
E) Theyeachcontain1neutron.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
Page3
15) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweentheatomsdescribedbelow?
Atom1
31
P
15
Atom2
32
P
15
A) Theycontain31and32electrons,respectively.
B) Theyarebothphosphoruscations.
C) Theyarebothphosphorusanions.
D) Theyarebothisotopesofphosphorus.
E) Theycontain31and32protons,respectively.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
16) Onedifferencebetweencarbon-12(
12
14
C)andcarbon-14( C)isthatcarbon-14has
6
6
A) twomoreprotonsthancarbon-12.
B) twomoreelectronsthancarbon-12.
C) twomoreneutronsthancarbon-12.
D) AandConly
E) BandConly
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
17)
1
3
Hisaradioactiveisotopeofhydrogen.Onedifferencebetweenhydrogen-1( H)andhydrogen-3( H)is
1
1
thathydrogen-3has
A) onemoreneutronandonemoreprotonthanhydrogen-1.
B) onemoreprotonandonemoreelectronthanhydrogen -1.
C) onemoreelectronandonemoreneutronthanhydrogen-1.
D) twomoreneutronsthanhydrogen-1.
E) twomoreprotonsthanhydrogen-1.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
18) Theatomicnumberofcarbonis6.Carbon-14isheavierthancarbon-12becausetheatomicnucleusof
carbon-14contains_____neutrons.
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 12
E) 14
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
Page4
19) Electronsexistonlyatfixedlevelsofpotentialenergy.However,ifanatomabsorbssufficientenergy,apossible
resultisthat
A) anelectronmaymovetoanelectronshellfartheroutfromthenucleus.
B) anelectronmaymovetoanelectronshellclosertothenucleus.
C) theatommaybecomearadioactiveisotope.
D) theatomwouldbecomeapositivelychargedion,orcation.
E) theatomwouldbecomeanegativelychargedion,oranion.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.2
20) Theatomicnumberofneonis10.Therefore,whichofthefollowingis correct aboutanatomofneon?

A) Ithas8electronsinitsouterelectronshell.
B) Itisinert.
C) Ithasanatomicmassof10daltons.
D) AandBonly
E) A,B,andCarecorrect.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
21) Fromitsatomicnumberof15,itispossibletopredictthatthephosphorusatomhas
A) 15neutrons.
B) 15protons.
C) 15electrons.
D) 8electronsinitsoutermostelectronshell.
E) BandConly
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
PleaserefertoFigure2.1toanswerthefollowingquestions.
Figure2.1
22) Whichdrawingdepictstheelectronconfigurationofneon (
20
Ne)?
10
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
23) Whichdrawingdepictstheelectronconfigurationofoxygen (
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
Page5
16
O)?
8
24) Whichdrawingdepictstheelectronconfigurationofnitrogen (
14
N)?
7
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
25) Whichdrawingisofanatomwiththeatomicnumberof6?
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.2
26) Whichdrawingdepictsanatomthatisinertorchemicallyunreactive?
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
27) Whichdrawingdepictsanatomwithavalenceof3?
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
28) Whichdrawingdepictsanatomwithavalenceof2?
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
29) Atomswhoseouterelectronshellscontaineightelectronstendto
A) formionicbondsinaqueoussolutions.
B) formcovalentbondsinaqueoussolutions.
C) bestableandchemicallynonreactive,orinert.
D) beunstableandchemicallyveryreactive.
E) beisotopesandveryradioactive.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
UsetheinformationextractedfromtheperiodictableinFigure2.2toanswerthefollowingquestions.
Figure2.2
30) Howmanyelectronsdoesnitrogenhaveinitsvalenceshell?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 14
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
Page6
31) Howmanyelectronsdoesphosphorushaveinitsvalenceshell?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
32) Howmanyneutronsarepresentinthenucleusofaphosphorusatom?
A) 8
B) 15
C) 16
D) 31
E) 46
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.2
33) Howmanyelectronsdoesanatomofsulfurhaveinitsvalenceshell?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
34) Basedonelectronconfiguration,whichoftheseelementswouldexhibitchemicalbehaviormostlikethatof
oxygen?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) sulfur
E) phosphorus
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
35) Howmanyelectronswouldbeexpectedintheoutermostelectronshellofanatomwithatomicnumber12?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
Page7
36) Theatomicnumberofeachatomisgiventotheleftofeachoftheelementsbelow.Whichoftheatomshasthe
samevalenceascarbon (
12
C)?
6
A) 7 nitrogen
B) 9 flourine
C) 10neon
D) 12magnesium
E) 14silicon
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.2
37) Whatisthevalenceofanatomwithsixelectronsinitsouterelectronshell?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
38) Fluorinehasanatomicnumberof9andamassnumberof19.Howmanyelectronsareneededtocompletethe
valenceshellofafluorineatom?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.2
39) Whatisthemaximumnumberofelectronsinthe1sorbitalofanatom?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
40) Whatisthemaximumnumberofelectronsina2porbitalofanatom?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.2
Page8
41) Acovalentchemicalbondisoneinwhich
A) electronsareremovedfromoneatomandtransferredtoanotheratomsothatthetwoatomsbecome
oppositelycharged.
B) protonsandneutronsaresharedbytwoatomssoastosatisfytherequirementsofbothatoms.
C) outer-shellelectronsoftwoatomsaresharedsoastosatisfactorilyfilltheouterelectronshellsofboth
atoms.
D) outer-shellelectronsofoneatomaretransferredtotheinnerelectronshellsofanotheratom.
E) theinner-shellelectronsofoneatomaretransferredtotheoutershellofanotheratom.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.3
42) Ifanatomofsulfur(atomicnumber16)wereallowedtoreactwithatomsofhydrogen(atomicnumber1),
whichofthemoleculesbelowwouldbeformed?
A) SH
B) HSH
C) H SH
|
H
D)
H
|
H SH
|
H
E) HSH
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
43) Whatisthemaximumnumberofcovalentbondsanelementwithatomicnumber8canmakewithhydrogen?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
44) Amoleculeofcarbondioxide(CO 2 )isformedwhenoneatomofcarbon(atomicnumber6)iscovalently

bondedwithtwoatomsofoxygen(atomicnumber8).Whatisthetotalnumberofelectronsthatmustbe
sharedbetweenthecarbonatomandtheoxygenatomsinordertocompletetheouterelectronshellofallthree
atoms?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
Page9
45) Nitrogen(N)ismuchmoreelectronegativethanhydrogen(H).Whichofthefollowingstatementsis correct

abouttheatomsinammonia(NH3 )?
A) Eachhydrogenatomhasapartialpositivecharge.
B) Thenitrogenatomhasastrongpositivecharge.
C) Eachhydrogenatomhasaslightnegativecharge.
D) Thenitrogenatomhasapartialpositivecharge.
E) Therearecovalentbondsbetweenthehydrogenatoms.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
46) Whentwoatomsareequallyelectronegative,theywillinteracttoform
A) equalnumbersofisotopes.
B) ions.
C) polarcovalentbonds.
D) nonpolarcovalentbonds.
E) ionicbonds.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
47) Whatresultsfromanunequalsharingofelectronsbetweenatoms?
A) anonpolarcovalentbond
B) apolarcovalentbond
C) anionicbond
D) ahydrogenbond
E) ahydrophobicinteraction
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
48) Acovalentbondislikelytobepolarwhen
A) oneoftheatomssharingelectronsismuchmoreelectronegativethantheotheratom.
B) thetwoatomssharingelectronsareequallyelectronegative.
C) thetwoatomssharingelectronsareofthesameelement.
D) itisbetweentwoatomsthatarebothverystrongelectronacceptors.
E) thetwoatomssharingelectronsaredifferentelements.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
49) Whichofthefollowingmoleculescontainsthestrongestpolarcovalentbond?
A) H2
B) O2
C) CO 2
D) H2 O
E) CH4
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
Page10
ThefollowingquestionsrefertoFigure2.3.
Figure2.3
50) WhatresultsfromthechemicalreactionillustratedinFigure2.3?
A) acationwithanetchargeof+1
B) acationwithanetchargeof-1
C) ananionwithanetchargeof+1
D) ananionwithanetchargeof-1
E) AandD
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.3
51) WhatistheatomicnumberofthecationformedinthereactionillustratedinFigure2.3?
A) 1
B) 8
C) 10
D) 11
E) 16
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
52) Theionicbondofsodiumchlorideisformedwhen
A) chlorinegainsanelectronfromsodium.
B) sodiumandchlorineshareanelectronpair.
C) sodiumandchlorinebothloseelectronsfromtheiroutervalenceshells.
D) sodiumgainsanelectronfromchlorine.
E) chlorinegainsaprotonfromsodium.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
53) Whatisthedifferencebetweencovalentbondsandionicbonds?
A) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofprotonsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethesharingof
electronsbetweenatoms.
B) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofneutronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethesharingof
electronsbetweenatoms.
C) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofelectronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvetheelectrical
attractionbetweenatoms.
D) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofprotonsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethesharingof
neutronsbetweenatoms.
E) Covalentbondsinvolvethetransferofelectronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethesharingof
neutronsbetweenatoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.3
Page11
54) Inammoniumchloridesalt(NH 4 Cl)theanionisasinglechlorideion,Cl- .WhatisthecationofNH 4 Cl?

A) N,withachargeof+3
B) H,withachargeof+1
C) H2 withachargeof+4
D) NH4 withachargeof+1
E) NH4 withachargeof+4
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
55) Theatomicnumberofchlorineis17.Theatomicnumberofmagnesiumis12.Whatistheformulafor
magnesiumchloride?
A) MgCl
B) MgCl 2
C) Mg 2 Cl
D) Mg 2 Cl2
E) MgCl 3
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
56) Whichofthefollowingresultsfromatransferofelectron(s)betweenatoms?
A) nonpolarcovalentbond
B) polarcovalentbond
C) ionicbond
D) hydrogenbond
E) hydrophobicinteraction
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.3
57) Whichofthefollowingexplainsmostspecificallytheattractionofwatermoleculestooneanother?
A) nonpolarcovalentbond
B) polarcovalentbond
C) ionicbond
D) hydrogenbond
E) hydrophobicinteraction
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
58) VanderWaalsinteractionsresultwhen
A) hybridorbitalsoverlap.
B) electronsarenotsymmetricallydistributedinamolecule.
C) moleculesheldbyionicbondsreactwithwater.
D) twopolarcovalentbondsreact.
E) ahydrogenatomlosesanelectron.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
Page12
59) AvanderWaalsinteractionistheweakattractionbetween
A) theelectronsofonemoleculeandtheelectronsofanearbymolecule.
B) thenucleusofonemoleculeandtheelectronsofanearbymolecule.
C) apolarmoleculeandanearbynonpolarmolecule.
D) apolarmoleculeandanearbymoleculethatisalsopolar.
E) anonpolarmoleculeandanearbymoleculethatisalsononpolar.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
60) Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredtobeaweakmolecularinteraction?
A) acovalentbond
B) avanderWaalsinteraction
C) anionicbondinthepresenceofwater
D) ahydrogenbond
E) AandBonly
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
61) Whichofthefollowingwouldberegardedascompounds?
A) H2
B) H2 O
C) O2
D) CH4
E) BandD,butnotAandC
Answer: E
Topic: Concept2.3
62) Sometimesatomsformmoleculesbysharingtwopairsofvalenceelectrons.Whenthisoccurs,theatomsare
saidtobejoinedby
A) adoublecovalentbond.
B) anelectronegativebond.
C) ahydrogenbond.
D) aprotonicbond.
E) acomplexbond.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
Page13
Refertothefollowingfiguretoanswerthefollowingquestions.
63) Themoleculeshownherecouldbedescribedinchemicalsymbolsas
A) CH4 .
B) H2 O.
C) C2 H3 .
D) C4 H4 .
E) CH2 O.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
64) Themoleculeshownhereisthesimplestoforganiccompounds.Itiscalled
A) acarbohydrate.
B) carbondioxide.
C) methane.
D) carbonichydrate.
E) methylcarbonate.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.3
Refertothefollowingfiguretoanswerthefollowingquestions.
65) Inthemethanemoleculeshownhere,bondshaveformedthatincludeboththe s orbitalvalenceelectronsofthe

hydrogenatomsandtheporbitalvalenceelectronsofthecarbon.Theelectronsinthesebondsaresaidtohave
A) doubleorbitals.
B) tetrahedralorbitals.
C) complexorbitals.
D) hybridorbitals.
E) reducedorbitals.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
Page14
66) Whichoneoftheatomsshownwouldbemostlikelytoformacationwithachargeof +1?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
Page15
67) Whichoneoftheatomsshownwouldbemostlikelytoformananionwithachargeof -1?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.3
Page16
68) Whichofthefollowingpairsofatomswouldbemostlikelytoformacovalentbond?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
Page17
69) Whichofthefollowingpairsofatomswouldbemostlikelytoformanionicbond?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.3
70) Thehybridorbitalsinamoleculeofmethaneareoriented
A) towardthecornersofatetrahedroncenteredonthecarbonatom.
B) towardthecornersofacubecenteredonthecarbonatom.
C) towardthecornersofatrianglecenteredonthecarbonatom.
D) towardthecornersofarectanglecenteredonthecarbonatom.
E) towardtheedgesofanovalcenteredonthecarbonatom.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.3
Page18
71) Whichofthefollowingistrueforthisreaction?3H 2 + N2 2NH3

A) Thereactionisnonreversible.
B) Hydrogenandnitrogenarethereactantsofthereversereaction.
C) Hydrogenandnitrogenaretheproductsoftheforwardreaction.
D) Ammoniaisbeingformedanddecomposed.
E) Hydrogenandnitrogenarebeingdecomposed.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept2.4
72) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeschemicalequilibrium?
A) Forwardandreversereactionscontinuewithnoeffectontheconcentrationsofthereactantsand
products.
B) Concentrationsofproductsarehigherthantheconcentrationsofthereactants.
C) Forwardandreversereactionshavestoppedsothattheconcentrationofthereactantsequalsthe
concentrationoftheproducts.
D) Reactionsstoponlywhenallreactantshavebeenconvertedtoproducts.
E) Thereareequalconcentrationsofreactantsandproducts,andthereactionshavestopped.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept2.4
73) Whichofthefollowingdescribesanyreactionthathasreachedchemicalequilibrium?
A) Theconcentrationofthereactantsequalstheconcentrationoftheproducts.
B) Therateoftheforwardreactionisequaltotherateofthereversereaction.
C) Allofthereactantshavebeenconvertedtotheproductsofthereaction.
D) Alloftheproductshavebeenconvertedtothereactantsofthereaction.
E) Boththeforwardandthereversereactionshavestoppedwithnoneteffectontheconcentrationofthe
reactantsandtheproducts.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept2.4
74) Agroupofmolecularbiologistsistryingtosynthesizeanewartificialcompoundtomimictheeffectsofa
knownhormonethatinfluencessexualbehavior.Theyhaveturnedtoyouforadvice.Whichofthefollowing
compoundsismostlikelytomimictheeffectsofthehormone?
A) acompoundwiththesamenumberofcarbonatomsasthehormone
B) acompoundwiththesamemolecularmass(measuredindaltons)asthehormone
C) acompoundwiththesamethree-dimensionalshapeaspartofthehormone
D) acompoundwiththesamenumberoforbitalelectronsasthehormone
E) acompoundwiththesamenumberofhydrogenandnitrogenatomsasthehormone
Answer: C
Topic: Concept2.4
Page19
Self-QuizQuestions
1) Inthetermtraceelement,themodifiertrace means
A) theelementisrequiredinverysmallamounts.
B) theelementcanbeusedasalabeltotraceatomsthroughanorganismsmetabolism.
C) theelementisveryrareonEarth.
D) theelementenhanceshealthbutisnotessentialfortheorganismslong-termsurvival.
E) theelementpassesrapidlythroughtheorganism.
Answer: A
Topic:
Skill:
2) Comparedwith 31P,theradioactiveisotope 32Phas

A) adifferentatomicnumber.
B) onemoreneutron.
C) onemoreproton.
D) onemoreelectron.
E) adifferentcharge.
Answer: B
Topic:
Skill:
3) Atomscanberepresentedbysimplylistingthenumberofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsforexample,2p + ;
2n0 ;2e- forhelium.Whichoneofthefollowinglistsrepresentsthe 18Oisotopeofoxygen?
A) 6p + ;8n0 ;6eB) 8p + ;10n0 ;8eC) 9p + ;9n0 ;9eD) 7p + ;2n0 ;9eE) 10p + ;8n0 ;9eAnswer: B
Topic:
Skill:
4) Theatomicnumberofsulfuris16.Sulfurcombineswithhydrogenbycovalentbondingtoformacompound,
hydrogensulfide.Basedonthenumberofvalenceelectronsinasulfuratom,predictthemolecularformulaof
thecompound:
A) HS
B) HS2
C) H2 S
D) H3 S2
E) H4 S
Answer: C
Topic:
Skill:
Page20
5) Thereactivityofanatomarisesfrom
A) theaveragedistanceoftheoutermostelectronshellfromthenucleus.
B) theexistenceofunpairedelectronsinthevalenceshell.
C) thesumofthepotentialenergiesofalltheelectronshells.
D) thepotentialenergyofthevalenceshell.
E) theenergydifferencebetweenthes andp orbitals.
Answer: B
Topic:
Skill:
6) Whichstatementistrueofallatomsthatareanions?
A) Theatomhasmoreelectronsthanprotons.
B) Theatomhasmoreprotonsthanelectrons.
C) Theatomhasfewerprotonsthandoesaneutralatomofthesameelement.
D) Theatomhasmoreneutronsthanprotons.
E) Thenetchargeis12.
Answer: A
Topic:
Skill:
7) Whatcoefficientsmustbeplacedinthefollowingblankssothatallatomsareaccountedforintheproducts?
C6 H12O6 ___C 2 H6 O+___CO 2
A) 1;2
B) 2;2
C) 1;3
D) 1;1
E) 3;1
Answer: B
Topic:
Skill:
8) Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlydescribesanychemicalreactionthathasreachedequilibrium?
A) Theconcentrationsofproductsandreactantsareequal.
B) Therateoftheforwardreactionequalstherateofthereversereaction.
C) Bothforwardandreversereactionshavehalted.
D) Thereactionisnowirreversible.
E) Noreactantsremain.
Answer: B
Topic:
Skill:
Page21
9) DrawLewisstructuresforeachhypotheticalmoleculeshownbelow,usingthecorrectnumberofvalence
electronsforeachatom.Determinewhichmoleculemakessensebecauseeachatomhasacompletevalence
shellandeachbondhasthecorrectnumberofelectrons.Explainwhatmakestheothermoleculesnonsensical,
consideringthenumberofbondseachtypeofatomcanmake.
Answer:
Topic:
Skill:
Page22

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Chapter2 TheChemicalContextofLife

20) Theatomicnumberofneonis10.Therefore,whichofthefollowingis correct aboutanatomofneon?

44) Amoleculeofcarbondioxide(CO 2 )isformedwhenoneatomofcarbon(atomicnumber6)iscovalently

45) Nitrogen(N)ismuchmoreelectronegativethanhydrogen(H).Whichofthefollowingstatementsis correct

54) Inammoniumchloridesalt(NH 4 Cl)theanionisasinglechlorideion,Cl- .WhatisthecationofNH 4 Cl?

65) Inthemethanemoleculeshownhere,bondshaveformedthatincludeboththe s orbitalvalenceelectronsofthe

66) Whichoneoftheatomsshownwouldbemostlikelytoformacationwithachargeof +1?

67) Whichoneoftheatomsshownwouldbemostlikelytoformananionwithachargeof -1?

71) Whichofthefollowingistrueforthisreaction?3H 2 + N2 2NH3

2) Comparedwith 31P,theradioactiveisotope 32Phas

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