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BS NA EN 1998-2 (2005) (English): UK National
Annex to Eurocode 8. Design of structures for
earthquake resistance. Bridges

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MAGNACARTA(
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NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

UK National Annex to

Eurocode 8: Design of structures

for earthquake resistance Part 2: Bridges

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

raising standards worldwide

----.
......

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

NATIONAL ANNEX
Publishing and copyright information
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
BSI 2009

ISBN 978058055091 1
ICS 91.120.25; 93.040
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:
Comm ittee reference B/525/8
Draft for comment 08/30129892 DC

Publication history
First published June 2009

Amendments issued since publication

Date

Text affected

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

NATIONAL ANNEX

Contents
Introduction 1
NA.1 Scope 1
NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters
NA.3 Decisions on the status of informative annexes 8
NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information
Bibliography

List of tables
Table NA.1 - UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters
described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 2

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside "front cover,
pages i to ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
BSI 2009

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

ii

BSI 2009

NATIONAL ANNEX

This page deliberately left blank

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

NATIONAL ANNEX

National Annex (informative) to

BS EN 1998-2:2005, Eurocode 8: Design
of structures for earthquake resistance Part 2: Bridges
Introduction
This National Annex has been prepared by BSI Subcommittee B/525/8,
Structures in seismic regions. In the UK it is to be used in conjunction
with BS EN 1998-2:2005.

NA.1

Scope
This National Annex gives:
a)

the UK decisions for the l\Iationally Determined Parameters

described in the following subclauses of BS EN 1998-2:2005:

2.1(3)P

5.6.2(2)P b

2.1 (4)P

5.6.3.3(1)P b

2.1 (6)

6.2.1.4(1)P

2.2.2(5)

6.5.1(1)P

2.3.5.3(1)

6.6.2.3(3)

2.3.6.3(5)

6.6.3.2(1)P

2.3.7(1)

6.7.3(7)

3.2.2.3

7.4.1(1)P

3.3{1 )P

7.6.2(1)P

3.3(6)

7.6.2(5)

4.1.2(4)P

7.7.1 (2)

4.1.8(2)

J.1 (2)

5.3(4)

J.2{1 )

5.4{1 )

NA.2

b)

the UK decisions on the status of BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative

annexes; and

c)

references to non-contradictory complementary information.

Nationally Determined Parameters

UK decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in
BS EN 1998-2:2005 are given in Table NA.1,

BSI 2009

Table NA.1

Subclause

Nationally Determined Parameter

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

2.1 (3)P

Reference retu rn period TNCR of

seismic action for the no-collapse
requirement (or, equivalently,
reference probability of
exceedance in 50 years, PNCR)

TNCR = 475 years

In the absence of a project-specific assessment,

adopt a return period TNCR of 2 500 years. Further
guidance is given in PD 6698.

OJ

OJ

~
N

0
0

\.0

2.1 (4)P

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005

Importance
classes for
bridges

PNCR = 10%

r-+

Z
\..0
\..0
00
I

In general road and railway bridges are considered to belong to importance class II
(average importance).
Importance class III comprises bridges of critical importance for maintaining
communications, especially in the immediate post-earthquake period, bridges where
failure is associated with a large number of probable fatalities, and major bridges
where a design life greater than normal is required.

The importance classes

should be established on
a project-specific basis.
Further guidance is given
in PD 6698.

rv
rv

o
o

U'1

A bridge may be classified as importance class I (less than average importance) when
both the following conditions are met:
the bridge is not critical for communications, and
the adoption of either the reference probability of exceedance, PNCR, in 50 years
for the design seismic action, or of the standard bridge design life of 50 years is not
economically justified.
Importance classes I, II and III correspond roughly to consequences classes CC1, CC2 and
CC3, respectively, defined in BS EN 1990:2002, B3.1.
2.1 (6)

Importance factors for bridges

For importance class I, YI = 0,85

For importance class III, YI = 1,3

2.2.2(5)

2.3.5.3(1)

Where a value for the reference return period TNCR

of 2 500 years has been adopted for CC3 bridges,
YI=1 may be assumed. Where TNCR has been assessed
on a project-specific basis, YI should also be chosen
on a project-specific basis. Further guidance is given
in PD 6698.

Conditions under which the

seismic action may be considered
as an accidental action, and the
requirements of 2.2.2(3) and
2.2.2(4) may be relaxed

2.2.2(3) and 2.2.2(4) should apply

when the reference period TNCR is
approximately equal to 475 years.

In the absence of project-specific requirements, the

requirements of 2.2.2(3) and 2.2.2(4) may be relaxed.
Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

Expression for the length of plastic

hinges

Use the expression in Annex E.

Expression E.19 in Annex E may be adopted, or other

appropriate values may be used.

oz
r
z
Z

><

Table NA.1

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 (continued)

Subclause

Nationally Determined Parameter

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

2.3.6.3(5)

PE and PT, fractions of design

seismic and thermal displacements
for checking non-critical structural
elements

PE = 0.4 (for the design seismic

displacement)

Use recommended values.

2.3.7(1) Note 1

I Selection of categories of bridge,

ground type and seismic zone
for which the provisions for low
seismicity apply

o
z

r
z

PT = 0.5 (for the thermal movement)

The recommended definition of low

seismicity is given in the Note to
BS EN 1998-1 :2004, 3.2.1 (4).

All categories of bridge, ground type and seismic

zone may be designed using the provisions for low
seismicity.

2.3.7(1) Note 2

Simplified criteria for the design of

bridges in cases of low seismicity

The simple criteria should be based on a

limited ductility/essentially elastic seismic
behaviour of the bridge, for which
no special ductility requirements are
necessary.

Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

3.2.2.3(1)P

Definition of active fault

A seismotectonic fault may be considered

active when there is an average historic
slip rate of at least 1 mm/year and
topographic evidence of seismic activity
within the Holocene times (past 11 000
years).

For the purposes of this requirement, all faults may

be considered as not active. Further guidance is
given in PD 6698.

3.3(1)P

Length of continuous deck Llim

beyond which the spatial variability
of seismic action might have to
be taken into account where soil
properties along the bridge are
approximately uniform

Lg/1,5 where Lg is defined in

Table 3.1 N, which is contained in Note 1
to 3.3(6) and is reproduced in the row
below.

is given in the table below.

Ground
type

IA

See
Note

IB

See

Note

Ie

ID

333

200

See

Note

IE

,..p

NOTE Spatial variability of ground motions need

not be considered for bridges with continuous decks,
where the supports are founded on approximately
uniform soils of type A, B or C.

O::l

!:!!
N

o
o

1..0

Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

to

V\

U)
U)
(X)
I

I\J
I\J

o
o

U1

Table NA.1

Subclause

Nationally Determined Parameter

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

3.3(6) Note 1

Distance Lg beyond which the

seismic ground motions can
be considered as completely
u ncorrelated

Table 3.1 N: Distance Lg beyond which

ground motions may be considered
uncorrelated

Use recommended values.

OJ

~
N

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 (continued)

o
o

1..0

3.3(6) Note 2

Factor f3r used in calculating

differential displacements between
piers

Ground
type

IA

IB

IC

Lg(m)

I 600 I 500 I 400 I 300 I 500

r-+

OJ

Vl

\..0
\..0

I DIE

f3r = 0,5 when the ground type is the same

00
I
I\..J
I\..J

o
o

V1

Use recommended values.

for the three piers

f3r = 1,0 when the ground type of one of

the three piers is different

4.1.2(4)P

= 0,2
= 0,3

l/12,1 values for traffic loads assumed

concurrent with the design seismic
action

For road bridges l/12,1

4.1.8(2)

Upper limit for the value in the

left-hand-side of expression 4.4 for
the seismic behaviour of a bridge
to be considered irregular

Po

5.3(4)

Value of overstrength factor Yo

For concrete members Yo

For rail bridges l/12,1

=2

Use recommended value.

For steel members Yo

5.4(1)

Simplified methods for second

order effects in linear analysis

In the absence of project-specific requirements, the

recommended values may be adopted.

= 1,35

Use recommended values.

= 1,25

Assume the increase of bending moments

fJ.M of the plastic hinge section due to
second order effects is:

Use recommended values.

Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

1+q

~M = --dEdNEd

where NEd is the axial force and d Ed is the

relative transverse displacement of the
ends of the considered ductile member,
both in the design seismic situation.
5.6.2(2)P b

Value of additional safety factor

YBd1 on shear resistance

YBd1

= 1,25

I Use recommended value.

oz

z
Z

><

Table NA.1

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 (continued)

Subclause

Nationally Determined Parameter

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

S.6.3.3(1}P b

Choice of alternative methods of

calculating YBd

Alternative 2 is more conservative

Either method may be used.

6.2.1.4(1}P

Type of confinement reinforcement

All types are acceptable

All types are acceptable, provided limited ductility or

elastic behaviour is achieved.

6.S.1(1}P

Simplified verification rules for

bridges of limited ductile behaviour
in low seismicity cases

In areas of low seismicity, the same

verification rules should apply to the
design of structures of limited ductile
behaviour as those applicable in areas of
moderate or high seismicity.

Use the recommended procedure (i.e. the provisions

of BS 1998-2:2005, 6.5, should be observed in
bridges designed for limited ductile behaviour).

6.6.2.3(3}

Allowable extent of damage of

elastomeric bearings in bridges
where the seismic action is
considered as accidental action,
but is not resisted entirely by
elastomeric bearings

[None]

In the absence of a project-specific requirement, the

extent of damage should be limited to enable the
bearings to sustain Load Models 1 and 2 loading
in accordance with BS EN 1991-2:2003. Further
guidance is given in PD 6698.

6.6.3.2(1}P

Percentage PH of the compressive

(downward) reaction due to the
permanent load that is exceeded
by the total vertical reaction on a
support due to the design seismic
action for holding-down devices to
be required.

PH = 80% in bridges of ductile

behaviour, where the vertical
reaction due to the design seismic
action is determined as a capacity
design effect.
PH 50% in bridges of limited
ductile behaviour, where the
vertical reaction due to the design
seismic action is determined from
the analysis under the design
seismic action alone (including the
contribution of the vertical seismic
component).

z
~
oz

z
Z

Use recommended values.

1"'+

OJ

V\

@
t:IJ

VI

o
o

V1

1..0
1..0
00
I
N
N

o
o

U1

@
OJ

Table NA.1

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 (continued)

M-

Subclause

Nationally Determined Parameter

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

6.7.3{7}

Upper value of design seismic

displacement d lim for monolithic
connection of abutment to the
deck to limit damage of the
soil or embankment behind the
abutments.

Recommended limit value of design

seismic displacement at abutments rigidly
connected to the deck

In the absence of project-specific requirements, use

the recommended values.

IV

o
o

1.0

7.4.1 (1}P

Value of control period TD for the

design spectrum of bridges with
seismic isolation

Bridge importance
class

Displacement
limit d lim {mm}

III

30

II

60

No limitation

A value of TD greater than that specified

in BS EN 1998-1 :2004, 3.2.2.5.8{P), may be
specified.

OJ

Vl

....\.0Z

\.0
00
I

rv
rv

U1

In the absence of a project-specific requirement,

a value of TD greater than the period of the
fundamental mode of vibration of the bridge T
should be adopted.
Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

7.6.2{1}P

Value of amplification factor YIS

on design displacement of isolator
units

YIS

= 1,5

Use recommended value.

7.6.2{5}

Value of Ym for elastomeric

bearings

Ym

= 1,15

Ym = 1,0

7.7.1{2}

Ow and Dd, numerical coefficients

Ow

expressing appropriate fractions of

Wd and da,max respectively

Dd

J.1 {2}

Tmin,b, minimum design

temperature for determining upper
and lower bound design properties
of the isolator

0,015

= 0,5

Tmin,b

=1/J2 Tmin + Ll T1

In the absence of a project-specific requirement, use

the recommended values. Further guidance is given
in PD 6698.

Tmin,b

= Tave -

1/J2

{Tave

Tmin} + LlT1

where:

where:

Tmin is the value of the minimum

shade air temperature at the bridge
location having an annual probability
of (negative) exceedance of 0,02, in
accordance with BS EN 1991-1-5:2003,
6.1.3.2.

Tave is the average shade air temperature at

the bridge location throughout the year. In the
absence of more precise data, Tave may be taken as
Tave = (Tmin + Tmax}/2.

~
oz

r
z
Z

Table NA.1
Subclause

UK values for Nationally Determined Parameters described in BS EN 1998-2:2005 (continued)

Nationally Determined Parameter

J.1 (2)
(continued)

Eurocode recommendation

UK decision

1/J2 =0,50 is the combination factor

for thermal actions for seismic
design situation, in accordance with
BS EN 1990:2002, Annex A2.

is the shade air temperature at the bridge

location with an annual probability of 0,0083
(120 year return) that a lower temperature is
recorded, in accordance with BS EN 1991-1-5:2003,
6.1.3.2, adjusted by Annex A and its National Annex.
(Note that a different annual probability may be
specified for an individual project.)

L1T1 takes the following values depending

on the material of the bridge deck, in
accordance with BS EN 1991-1-5:2003,
Figure 6."

Value of IlT1 for the determination of

minimum isolator temperature
Deck

Concrete

Composite

7,5

5,0

Steel

(OC)

oz

r
z
Z
m

><

Tmax is the corresponding shade air temperature at

the bridge location with an annual probability of
0,0083 (120 year return) that a higher temperature
is recorded.

1/J2 = 0,50 is the combination factor for thermal

actions for seismic design situation, in accordance
with BS EN 1990:2002, Annex A2.
L1 T1 takes the following values depending
on the bridge deck type, as defined in
BS EN 1991-1-5:2003,6.1.1.
Value of IlT1 for the determination of
minimum isolator temperature
Deck

Concrete

Composite

Steel

L1T1
(OC)

7,5

5,0

-2,5

Further guidance is given in PD 6698.

J.2{1 )

@
OJ

!:!!
N

Values of A-factors for commonly

used isolators

Use values and guidance in Annex JJ.

Values of A-factors should be determined by tests

on prototype isolators, particularly in the case of
elastomeric isolators.

..-+

OJ

VI

m
Z
.....a.

1..0
1..0

o
o

(X)

o
o

1..0

"-J

I'.J
I'.J

V1

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

NA.3

NATIONAL ANNEX

Decisions on the status of

informative annexes
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex A: Probabilities related to the
reference seismic action. Guidance for the selection of design action
during the construction phase is not appropriate for use in the UK as
an informative annex. See also PD 6698.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex B: Relationship between
displacement ductility and curvature ductility factors of plastic hinges
in concrete piers may be used in the UK as an informative annex. See
also PD 6698.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex C: Estimation of the effective
stiffness of reinforced concrete ductile members may be used in the
UK as an informative annex. See also PD 6698.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex D: Spatial variability of
earthquake ground motion: model and methods of analysis may be
used in the UK as an informative annex. See also PD 6698.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex E: Probable material properties
and plastic hinge deformation capacities for non-linear analyses may
be used in the UK as an informative annex.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex F: Added mass of entrained
water for immersed piers may be used in the UK as an informative
annex.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex H: Static non-linear analysis
(pushover) may be used in the UK as an informative annex.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex JJ: A-factors for common isolator
types may be used in the UK as an informative annex.
BS EN 1998-2:2005 informative Annex K: Tests for validation of design
properties of seismic isolator units may be used in the UK as an
informative annex pending the publication of BS EN 15129.

NA.4 References to non-contradictory

complementary information
The following is a list of references that contain non-contradictory
complementary information for use with BS EN 1998-2.

BSI 2009

PD 6698:2008, Recommendations for the design of structures for

earthquake resistance to BS EN 1998.

NA to 85 EN 1998-2:2005

NATIONAL ANNEX

Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
BS EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis

of structural design

BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5:

General actions - Thermal actions
BS EN 1991-2:2003, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic

loads on bridges

B512009

NA to BS EN 1998-2:2005

This page deliberately left blank

NATIONAL ANNEX

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