Malcolm Mann Steve Taylore-Knowles Student's Book re CVT LOIUnit Reading 1 Cnueam predicting / Dis scanning FCEPart 2 textawareness / speculating FCE Parts Check You Page 30 progress: Units and 2 textawareness / reading for gist FCEPart2 predicting / scanning FCEPart 3 Mon Cn Check Your progress: Units 3 and 4 Page 56 reading for sist / scanning FCEPart2 predicting FCE Parts Check Your progress: Units § and 6 Page 82 kw Grammar 1 present simple, past simple, stative verbs present continuous, past Continuous, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous. the future conditionals (1): zero, first, ‘second; unless, in case, as long 4s, provided that modals (a): ability, permission, advice/ criticism, obligation the passive Vocabulary topic vocabulary; topic phrasal verbs; word formation; confusable words; word patterns topic vocabulary; word formation; topic phrasal verbs; collocations topic vocabulary; topic phrasal verbs; word formation; confusable wor pattems topic vocabulary; topic phrasal verbs; word formation; confusable words topic vocabulary; topic phrasal verbs; word formation; word pattems topic vocabulary; topic phrasal verbs; word formation; word patternsSpeaking Reading 2 | scanning / ‘reading for ‘opinion / concept development information FCEPart 2 FCE Part 2 FCE Parts 1, 2, | gandy | Use of Grammar 2 English present perfect | FCEParts ‘simple, past ; and 3 perfect simple i ‘50, such, too, FCE Parts 2 enough; used to, | and 4 ‘would, be/ | get used to 1 articles;time «FE Parts2 clauses | and 3 countableand —_FCE Parts tuncountablenouns; | and 4 quantifiers | comparatves and FCEParts2 ‘superlatives; and 3, questions | -ing form or | FCEParts 3 infinitive; prefer, | and 4 would rather, had better | | reepanss anda Writing informal letter/email review article essay {formal letter/emall article emailUnit Reading1 = Grammar 1 Vocabulary ation ‘topic phrasal 8 Check Your progress: Units 7 and & Page 114 ory 8 Check Your progress: Units 9 and 10 | | Page s4o | | (Tine Gh Setter prem tate cents i Page 166 1 | Grammar database Speaking database Writing database Page 174 Page 194 Page 195Use of Listening Speaking Reading2 Grammar2 English — Writing reading for gist prepositions of c | | FCEParts1 | formal ‘management FCE Part 3 fime and place; and 3 letter/email FCEParta indirect questions _ predicting / reportingverbs; | FCEParts2. | report lating although,even’ and 3 | Part2 though, in spite of / despite, however i | | | | comparing | readingforspeciic | thecausative | FCEParts1 | letterof FCEPart 2 information and 4 | application Fee Parts | asking predicting) | dectandindirect | FCEParts2 story questions reading for gist | ‘objects; infinitives | and 3 FCEPars3end4 FCEPar'2 of purpose | | | | | | text | participles | FCEParts3 informal awareness | anda 1 letter/email FeePant3 | | questiontags; | FCEParts1 essay. | | impersonal | and2 | | | passive | | \ | / i FcePats2 FE Parts1,2, | | Fceparts2, | email and g [sede | | ganda | : ' | | Key word database Phrasal verb database Guide to the Cambridge Page 204 Page 205 FCE Examination Page 207Reading 1 Word.power—* argument «bully «embarrassment «ight jealousy tease Starting point— ‘+ What problems can teenagers face because of parents? ‘other people at school? brothers and sisters ? friends? ) took.at the tte and subtitle ofthe article you are going to read, What do you think this new service does? @ Peas the text quickly and find examples of dificult situations that teenagers might fae. How should you do Reading Part 2? Don't worry about wards ke hers 0 etc because you don't know who they to so they can't help you decide. our atworts the er i ou © oka erry owork ut theyre to because they will help you decide. You are going to read an article about a service for teenagers. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (+7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A. And often it’s better to talk to a complete stranger about these things, rather than someone you know really well B | think our chat made her feel alot better. Everyone occasionally has difficulties with their relatives, their colleagues, their neighbours, their boss! D That alone can often be a help in itself E However, it doesn't work for everyone, F Athirteen-year-old girl is being teased by her older brother. G_Allwe can really do is suggest they go and see their doctor. H You can also chat directly with one of our counsellors online through our website. ‘Being a teenager has never been easy, and, from all our research, it seems to be getting more dlfficulc every year! So says Janet Faulkner, Director of Child Power UK. Helping Hand, a new service for thirteen- to nineteen-yearolds,is her brainchild. realised that there was lots of help at hand for young people in extreme difficulty, They ‘an ring ChildLine, for example, if they're suffering from bullying or have run away from home, things like that, but nothing for the more everyday problems they face,And so I created Heng Hand to fil the gap The concept is simple, I A teenage boy feels embarrassed every time he goes shopping with his mum. Someone is jealous of their best friend because they've got a cool new mobile phone. Who do they turn to? Helping Hand. “Theyre litle things, yes? says Janet,but they ‘often don't fel litle to the person in that situation, All problems need to be sorted out and talked about. 2 We provide a 24-hour free service to do two main things — listen sympathetically. and offer advice where appropriate? Since its introduction two months ago, Helping Hand has already dealt with over 1,000 cases.'If you're a teenager, you can contact us in three main ways; says Janet ‘There's a free number you ‘ean call (0909 9090909) or you can send us anemail and we'll get back to you within halfan hour 3. Many people like that option because it's direct but at the same time they feel comfortable. Were also planning to introduce a service soon that allows teenagers with similar problems to talk to each ‘ther online! There are five full-time Helping Hand counsellors at present all trained in child psychology and counseling. One of the team, Jenny, described her work tsa great feeling being able to make a difference to someone's life says Jenny."This morning for example, helped one teenager who was relly upset because none of her friends at school had remembered her birthday. 4 And there was a fifteen-year-old boy who had seen the film Bily Eliot and wanced to start doing ballet, but was afraid of, ‘what his father would say. He's going to make his dad watch the film before he talks to him about it? Helping Hand doesn’t claim to be able to solve every problern. "We ean’ work miracles says ‘Andrew Carter another counsellor, ‘and we can't make all problems disappear just like that but Helping Hand gives kids the chance to express their frustrations and ansieties. 5 had a teenager the other day who had just spic up with his grfriend. He didn't want to talk to anyone in his family about it, and his friends just joked about it when he brought the subject up. He really only needed somebody to listen to him. ‘And that’s what wet there for? "Sometimes! says Jenny'there are issues we just can't deal with at all Were not health professionals, so there’ no way we can discuss medical problems. 6 And last week someone sent me an ‘email asking if knew where they could buy a cheap second-hand digital camera. We don't relly have answers to questions like that!” “Helping Hand has been such a success, though’ says Janet, that a number of other charities are looking into ways of running similar services for older people. Its not just teenagers that have problems. 7 And it really does help 10 talk. Who knows? Maybe we'll all be using a service like this in the future!” Find these words and phrases inthe article and undertine them. ~ Can you work out what they mean from the context? charity launched - a friendly ear «turn to frustrations «looking into DD Find words or phrases in the text or removed sentences which have a similar meaningtothese Have. youn say! words and phrases. good idea (paragraph 3) idea (paragraph 2) solved (paragraph 3) worries (noun) (paragraph 6) introduced (paragraph 6) have a conversation (paragraph 4) do impossible things (paragraph 6) problems and situations (paragraph 7) i Gearon= 3 g cy cy cy C3 Grammar 1 Tro Can one or both of these sentences contain the word ‘often’? an one or both of these sentences refer to one specific occasion? @ | goout with my fiends. b I went out with my fiends. (We use the present simple and the past simple: ‘* to show how often things happen. We never go out / went out during the week. ‘© for permanent situations. She lives / lived with her Parents. © for general truths and facts. Carl doesn't speak | didn’t speak French. © forstates. Does Dana have / Did Dana have red hair? We aso use the present simple: ‘© for the future (in timetables). Term starts next Monday. + forthe future (intime clauses). call you when get There are 10 mistakes with verb tenses and forms inthis text. Find them an G Use these ves in the correct form to complete the sentences. back. [We also use the past simple: * forsingle completed actions. / met our new neighbours Leeeey 1 Melina to invite Adam and he's really upset with her now stative verbs 2 Stan's girlfriend's train ____inhalfan Cistative verbs, such as like, love, believe, see, appear, understand, know are not normally used in continuous, hour so he’s gone to pick her up Fram the station, tenses because they don’t describe actions. 31 my uncle and aunt who live in don't ike the way you'e talking to me. Germany forthe first time recently. % Fam not liking the way you're talking to me, 4 a lots of new friends at the. ‘See Grammar database 1 on page 174 for more information. 5 Danand! out very often as we prefer to stay at home. 6 tsa shame we ‘you were coming today the kids would love to see you again, 7 Ollie to be annoyed with me for id some reason at the moment. me verbs are stative with one meaning ane 0 sae eg apse ea lot of work to do at the: ‘moment. Non-stative: They. iting emahaen ‘having an argument. at the moment. pi pati {G) Look back at the article on pages 6-7 and find an example of ‘+ the present simple in the question form (paragraph 2) '* the emphatic present simple (paragraph 8) '* the past simple in the negative (paragraph 6). their family and friends, b what they did last weekend. ‘Ask your partner your questions. Now use your partner's answers. eo (Giwho told you? = Someone told you soffething. ‘S who did you tell? = You told someone something.Vocabulary Word formation acesaaal @ complete this table. include all possible forms you can healings and atte think o, including negative forms. Make adjectives trom these verbs and decide whether they describe Feelings or situations. n co ee Carrere \ ae ie eee Contusable words: people and ‘righten tervfy «rex - annoy relationships © choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Now use the adjectives to talk about the people My mum gets somervous / annoyed when | don’t tidy my inthe pictures. bedroom. 2 Freda's the most sincere / honest person I know. She never Phrasal verbs: relationships steals or tells lies. being alone / lonely 2 Ive got a goo BB Use the correct form ofthese phrasal verbs > {ove beingalone / Ione as longas Ive got a good book to read onsite i. abouteltinsipstorepacethewords nT. yas oki / pole of yout oft p us move : : rouse 5 We realy enjoyed / entertained ourselves atthe party. 6 The party was funny / fun. We danced all night! 1 Mypaents raised me/——_tobelieve 9 Lookat thei that amy isthe mostimportantthingin the one incorrect? worl 2 Asthe kids got older / -orrect answers in Exercise D. Why is each it became Word patterns easier to take them on public anspor. + connie eB choose the correct word or phrase to complete each They were both mad about Fishing. sentence. 4, Htookeeare of / ‘my neighbours'cat 1. Does your sister usually help yout / with your homework? while they were on holiday. 2. Why do adults always complain for / about what tenagers 5. Idor't know how you tolerated | —_—_ wear? his rudeness for so lang! 3. Asa babysitter, responsible for / In making sure the kids 6. Diana realy disappointed me / goto bed on time, She'd promised tobe there but she didnt ‘I don't approve with / of parents smacking thelr children show up. 5 Doyoubelieve about / in love at first sight? = 6 How can we prevent young people fom / forgetting into ‘a parents bring up citer. dangerous situations? | Oeste gOH uP 7 Your advice saved mein / from making a huge mistake! | arene 8 Charlotte often borrows clothes from / by her older sister. @Listening ©) _Stagtind,point—” * Look at the pictures. Which people do you think are colleagues? family members? ‘acquaintances? strangers? friends? neighbours? ‘Why do you think that? {9 100k at the questions in Exercise 8. Listen toa short excerpt from each of the situations 1-8. Which of the options might be wrong? jou do Listening Part How should y' eithas awor8 OU ‘a Choose an answer beau hear on the tape. gs by Dorrt assume an answer's ht Decels tontains a word you near ont eC eee tee) ‘You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or ©) 1. You hear two people talking. What is their relationship? Acolleagues Bacquaintances _Cclose friends 2 You hear this man talking about his daughter's boyfriend What does the man think? ‘AHe's looking forward to their engagement. B He thinks his daughter should find someone better. CHe's not certain whether they will get married. 3. You hear this message from a friend on yout answerphone. What does she ask you to do? Abuy an extra ticket B put someone up for the night Caccompany her to a play 4, You hear two people talking about an exam. How does the woman feel? ‘annoyed —-Bnervous. jealous 5 You heara girl describing her twin brother. In what way are they different? AHe’s more sociable. BHe's more polite. CHe's more helpful. 6 You hear two people talking about their neighbour. What do they think about him? ‘AHe'slonely. BHe'sselfish. He's arrogant. 7 Youhear two young people talking on a bus. What did their friend not do? Ainvite someone toa party B get permission for a party Carrange music fora party 8 Youhear aman talking about a childhood friend. What does he think? Adis friend wasted her opportunities. B His friend had problems with schoolwork. Cis friend had problems making fiends with people. @ What hetped you choose your answers? Why were the other ‘options wrong? Discuss your answers with the rest of the class. Have youn sey! Do you make friends easily? How sociable are you?Speaking Stagting,point— = What's happening in the picture? How do you think the people feel? @ Listen toa candidate talking in Parts ofthe FCE Speaking test. As you listen, match each ‘question to a candidate's answer. GB) 1 Where are you from? ___ 2 Do you like living there? 3 What kind of things do you like doing in your free time? 4 Ate you stil at school? 5 What do you want to do when you leave school? 6 Howlong have you been learning English? 2 etotl ed Speaking Parr vive complete ansy make specen Ne but don't > Give one.-word Dossiers Ohere Inagteyouae CamiknteAMakaquckmates, Now work in groups of four to do Speaking Part 1. ‘Two of you are candidates, one is the interviewer and, cone person will give you a mark out of five. Interlocutor: Candidate A, where are you from? Candidate. Interlocutor: What's it ke living there? Candidate A: . + Interlocutor: And, Candidate B, where are you from? Candidate + | } interlocutor: Do you like living there? Candidate 8: Candidate A: Interlocutor: And you, Candidate 6? Candidate B: Interlocutor: How long have you been leaming English? Candidate Interlocutor: And you, Candidate A? Candidate A: . Interlocutor: Are you both stil in fulltime education? Candidate A: Candidate B: Interlocutor: So, Candidate B, what are your plans for the future? Candidate Interiocutor: And have you decided yet what you want to do, Candidate A? Candidate A: Mark Scheme See Speaking database on page 194. Py = 3 FH ey 3 ey «Reading 2 @® Word,power—* argument + depressed + incompatible | miserable + nothing in common + upset | _Stagtind point * Look at the pictures. How do you think the people are feeling? ‘+ What do friends quarrel about? ‘+ What advice would you give to a teenager in these situations? G Look at the ttle of the article you are ‘going to read. What do you think the article is about? Who isit aimed at? Where might you find an article like this? G The artice gives some advice. Quickly read paragraphs 2,3 and 4 and make a list of Dos’ and ‘Dor'ts'that the writer mentions. vow should you do Reading Pa vel askyourset wich answers right, and why. sah rst wich ans Asko an which nse! isright, and why. 12 I you've been let down by a boyfriend or girlfriend, you're probably hurting. It’s not stupid (or childish to feel like this. ‘Your boyfriend or girlfriend has tld you they don't want fo go cout wth you any more. You feel rejected, clone, unwanted ‘and miserable. You had thought that this relationship would last forever and now i's over. Let's be honest - ifs «horrible feeling, Maybe the worst feeling you've ever felt. Perhaps you feel hat ife's not worth living and you'll never get over i. You probably eal that noone has ever Flt this way befor. Ir may sound impossible now, but you will get over it I just ‘kes time. And you'te not alone ~ clmost everyone goes, through this at some point in their life. I's cn important part of growing up and actually mokes us stronger. What you musin’t dos think that you hove fled. Remember: retoonsips caren’ ike exams |F friend came between you and your boyfriend or girftiend cand helped cause the relationship to end, you'll be dealing 15 with Feelings of betrayal as well IF your parents or friends disopproved of your relationship, you might also fool Read the text. For questions 1-7, choose the answer (A, B, Cor ) which you think fits best according to the text. 1 According to the writer, heartbroken teenagers often feel that they have wasted their time being in the relationship. do not understand why the relationship came to an end. are the only person who has experienced this situation, should have been more honest about their feelings. What does the wifer say about a relationship ending? It helps us develop emotional. Ithelps us understand that we canal fal Itforces ust stop being childish, Itreminds us that relationships ae nt tke tests. coase ‘heartbroken teenager might have ‘feelings of betrayal’ (ine 16) when their parents did not want the relationship to succeed. they don’t feel able to talk about their feelings. their partner was responsible for the relationship ending, someone they trusted got involved in the relationship.ai heartbroken humiliated and embarrassed about discussing how you feel. These felngs are normal, bt # does help to folk. Try aking fo your parents one ands hoy my be mare sympathetic than you think. Ask your parents abou thei fist reltionships. The chances are they went rough similar experiences. fol a lot better! Don't do anything impulsive. it might seem a good idea to go out and get {ato oF your nose pierced, but you'll probably regret iin a fow days. That doesn’t mean you snk! ex yore how abot ying some new clothes or getting a new hairy? ls there a film you've bbeen wanting fo s08 ofthe cinema for ‘ages? Not sure whether to go to that party you'd been invited to? Gol And if you'te worried that your ex- you'te not together forthe right boyfiend or giliend might be there, reasons. Give ita litle ime before let them see you can have a good ‘you start your next relationship. What does the word ‘That’ line 31) refer to? regretting the impulsive behaviour the advice not to do anything impulsive the idea of doing something impulsive treating yourself to something you want ooo>s How should heartbroken teenagers react if they see their former partner ata party? ‘They should be concerned about their former partner, They should show that they are better off now. They should make it clear that they can survive on thelr own. They should see what their former partner is doing, ‘Atelationship ‘on the rebound’ (line 59) is one in which you fallin love very quickly. which is never successful. Inwhich both partners have just finished a relationship. which starts too soon after a previous relationship. on e>o ona> What point is the writer making in the final paragraph? Humans are survivors. We benefit from painful experiences. We forget unpleasant experiences quickly. Time will heal the pain. {ime without them. That'll make you Sometimes couples who split up get back together and sometimes don't, Don't sit around waiting for ‘your ex call fo say they've made a big mistake and think you should start going out with each other fagain. The chances are that won't happen, but i's actully more li to come about if you just get on wi your life rather than sit at home ‘eting ft phone rng: moy sound comy, bu here are plent tore fake wa Yu wilh fime ~ find someone nev. But don’t be tempted to rush into another relationship. Ths is celled going out 59 with someone ‘on the rebound! This kind of relationship rarely works, as Here's one other thing o remember. You've just experienced one of the ‘mos raumati things that people See oie only get beter. Each doy, you'l fee slighly les unhappy. In «week, it will be bearable. In o month, you'l be ‘ble to lough about it. In @ yoo, it will cll seem ancient history. You've gota lot of life cheod of you ~ look to the future and go out and enjoy yourself ly oa stantial) D cicte atthe atferent feetings mentioned inthe text {G9 Fina words or phrases in the article which are similar in meaning to these words and phrases. 4 recover from (paragraph 1) 2 experiences (verb) (paragraph 2) 3. caused a disagreement or argument between (paragraph 3) 4 do something special for (paragraph 4) 5. happen (paragraph 5) Have youn, say! Do you lsagree with any Isthere anyadvice ofthe advice inthe artile? you would give that isnot inthe article? Cann article like this help a heartbroken teenager?_ P 3 a H 3 & G Make sentences using the Grammar 2 past perfect simple. Use the ‘words or phrases in bold. 1 I moved to Canberra, Your boyfriend or girifiend has told you .. (para. line 2) ees Did that happen in the past? Sydney. {sitstil relevant now? before Do we know exactly when he or she told you? 2 Charlotte heard the news. She immediately called Phil. You had thought that this relationship would last forever. (ra. 1line 3) as soon as Why isit‘had thought’ and not ‘thought’? 3. First went to the supermarket, Then | wen (Weuse Present perfect simple _Past perfect simple Rene + foractions —.. uptonow. 've been. up toa moment in the past. after bes fends bt jute hein ld boas best 4. We finished eating. Diane eres arrived. when | already 5, Diane arived. Then Rick tuned up. when / only just Make sentences using the past perfect simple to answer these questions, 1 Why were Grant and Dave so happy? 2 Why was Tonya annoyed with Justine? 3. Why was Adam so tired? ‘Make sentences saying what has happened. ‘4, Why did Frank do so badly in 1. Tim’s got a suntan. the exam? 2. There's aletter for you. 3 Hello! We're your new neighbours. ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 I think they moved here six years ago. lived | think sixyears. 2 We bought her birthday present afew days ago. already Haye. youn say! We herbirthday present. _ The T holiday in Australia at the moment. 3. The Taylor ae on holiday in Aust ts have asia The Taylors. Australia on holiday. nea ae she 4 This willbe Stacy’ fist trip to France. never r Stacy ____ France before. 5. Eleni and Alan got engaged in April. sinceUse of English 6) Read the text in Exercise B quickly and answer these questions. 1. Apart from his acting, what is James Dean famous for? Quickly rad the text first to get 2 ‘a Howmany fims did he star in? general idea of what itis about. 3. How old was he when he died? b Govstraightt the questions 10 How should you do Use of English Part? a Corr save time. 1951 he went to New York to furher his ating (4) Dean's acing (5) was soon recognised, and he was asked to join the Actors Studio. AS he wrote inlet 1o his amily in 1952: Its the best hing hat can (6) to an actor! Television and theatre work followed, and Dean became highly (7) — within the industry. 4] axnes Dean saved in only thre lms, and had only been world famous for Read the text below and decide which answer eee: justonera year hen he aisle in aca (8) —_inSepember 195. i fiiiaasoce Inyashis death at sch young (9) —, andthe rebel oes he payed in the fim Rebel Without a Cause and East of den rather than his of screen (10) that have made him a legend. ke Marilyn Monroe, Eis Presley and Frank Sinatra, James Dean sa icon ofthe twentieth century. (1) — a famous rebel, the chances are they wll ty James Dean, But who ‘was James Dean, and was he relly 25 ieee hetion 1 Acall Btell name Drepeat James Dean asbomin1951intndana tsa 2 Alocated removed Clived——- D moved Hsfatervisa.dl eincan. The family 3. Abroughtup Bgrownup Ctakenover Dtaken off @)—_tolos ngeesin 1936,baDean Ajo Beareer —Cwork employment eee ipseniccedam, 5 Acualifcation Btalent — Cknowledge Drecommendation see tekidtedeoningenten 6 Abecome — Btake place Coccur happen ‘and was not particulary rebelions at school, 7 Aloved Badored Crespected + Dworshipped Mee reuringioCalfomia,Deanjoiedan 8 accident Bmisforune Cdisaster Dit ‘acting workshop, and was given minor rolesin 9 Agra B period Cage Dtime fms, on sage and in TV commercils In 4g condition Behaviour quality performance G Look at each gap in the CUCE Use of E text in Exercise D. What kind of word is required Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals atthe end of some ofthe ines to form for each gap? ‘a word that fits in the gap In the same line, Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. The Perfect Friend Because (1) is one of the few kinds of relationship we have. FRIEND control over, itis an (2) area of research for sociologists. INTEREST ‘Many studies have been done into this kind of relationship. How should you do Use of fesicn oo though we can't usualy choose our (8). orbosses or RELATE riick oie (4) we-can chose our fends, But how do we choose TEACH durtankeitasatex. | em? Gutot alte peal we metic es, Wy do some ‘become our friends, and why do we find some people's (5) PERSON, ‘no connection to each other. Read the tex through st | ae (@)— than others? I's not an easy queston to answer, ATTRACT and then lookat tsentence | Because we ae all ooking for similar qualities in our fiends, by sentence, such 2s (7), @ good sense of humour, trustworthiness and HONEST (8). However, what each of us means by ‘a good sense of KIND humour’ for example, oF what each of us thinks of as ‘kind’, are (8). We are al unique in many ways, and so the DIFFER perfect fiend for one person may seem alittle (10) —_ to BORE someone else! 15=) Relationships Writing DB choose true (1) or false (F). informal letter/email 1 We usually start letters/emails with Dear vWF 2 Inan email, you don't need to Stanting,point— worry about correct grammar. T/F Stenting, Ror 3. Spelling is more important in an Imagine someone your age from another country was coming to Until ltier than averse: TIP stay with your family for a couple of weeks. What would you 4 sional spall the same ay with your family fora couple of weeks: Wiek Would ¥ as an informal letter TF want to know about them before they arrived? {© Read this email and answer the questions below. rom: Sophie Needham som 314 September Subjecr Re: Hi therel Dear Angela, Thanks for your email. | can't wait fo meet you and your porents in August Wall, we've obviously goto lot in common. | love tennis, 100, although I'm probably not such @ good player as you core. And very glad you like pop music. 'm crazy ‘about The Screamers! | also love swimming, Do you? You asked if there was anything | wanted to do while I'm staying with you. As we both lke tennis, we should definitely have a game and I'd love 1 go swimming. Will {your parents let us go to a club? We're both fifeen, soit shouldn't be o problem, should it? tye attached a picture so you ean see what | look like I was taken last summer on holiday. Please write back soon. Can't wat fo meet youl Bye for now! Sophie Is the language formal or informal? Give examples, What is the purpose of each paragraph? What information did Angela give Sophie in her email? 4 What did Angela ask in her email? What questions does Sophie ask in her email? Which phrases and expressions in the letter are often used in informal emails? 7 What other ways are there of saying “Bye for now!” at the end of the email? 8 Do you think Sophie and Angela will like each other when they meet? Why?Blégshead*— Pin You are going to the UK for two weeks in the summer to study at a language school. While you are there, you will be staying with an English family called the Wilsons. Below is an email which Adam Wilson, who is fifteen years old, has sent you. Read Adam's email and the notes you have made, Then write a suitable reply. ‘Adam Wilson 6* September t- Your visit lowe to buy “Hitter. m Adam, 'm loking forward to yours an wanted to’Say.hello and ask yOu a couple of things. , Fist ofall abit about mé-rm crazy about skateboarding ana ( LoVe rock and pop music. think my favourite band atthe.” moment isthe Kaiser Chiefs. Do you know them? WHat kind of {things do you tke doing and what music do you ike? ‘My mum asked me to ash ‘ ine Mme Kyou if there's anythin You. larly want to do while you're here. 1 at the language schoo! during the day, in the evenings and at weekends ifyoulike. Let ime know SE no How should y wns and don't worry about ise paragraph * unctuation because they ar, spelling and Pu ils Tetters, not emails. e : the same way you wits ee b Write your: ‘email in exactly i ee uess you'll be busy- but we can do things formal email? Biefer non, a Dov 2 yon we Adam are important it 1B before you write answer these questions. {Make a paragraph plan Decide what 1 Will your email to Adam be formal or informal? information you iclude in each paragraph. 2 What questions did Adam ask you? 5. How many pieces of information do you have to includein Gj Write your email in a20-150 words. You must use your email? grammatically correct sentences with accurate 4 What are they? spelling and punctuation ina style appropriate 5 What other information about yourself could you include? _‘forthe situation. 6 What other questions could you ask Adam? Coens Cesc For each ofthe notes next to Adam's email in the question in Exercise A, write one or two sentences which could be ll the ho lbcuides (x your ermal ‘added some other relevant information atleast four main paragraphs referred to Adam's email in paragraph + ooo! 7Reading 1 @p Word,power* {adventure «relaxation «sightseeing - sunbathing Stagting,point—” Put these holidays in order of preference. Discuss. why you've chosen aa that order. ‘+ an activity holiday ‘+ abeach holiday © aself-catering holiday ‘+ acamping holiday + package holiday | = aholiday near your home G9 Look at the text without reading it in detail. Answer these questions 4 What kind of texts this? Aan article Bapiece of fiction Canewspaper report 2 From the ttle, what do you think the text might be about? © Read the questions in Exercise C quickly and decide if these statements are probably true or false. 1 Tina tries to do something without asking 2 Tina's parents are happy to give her permission straight away. 3. Tina and her fiends are planning to do ‘something together. How sould you do Reading Part 2 ‘So that you can check eck your an end of the exam, you should fica 2 leave enough time todo complete © undertine the part ofthe te fives you the answer. the exercise again which you think You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 16, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. When she is upstairs, Tina loses interest in her parents’ conversation rmisunderstands her parents’ conversation. thinks her parents are having an argument. knows her parents are talking about her. When her parents say no to the holiday, Tina accepts their decision without arguing. tries to convince them to let her go. waits for her friends to get permission, thinks she has to explain it to her friends. Tina thinks her parents’ reaction to the idea is selfish and uncaring. shows they don't completely trust her. Is reasonable from their point of view. is different from other parents’. Tina and her friends choose Cornwall because they've all been there before and liked it. it's more interesting than going to another country. itwon’t take long for them to get there. there's a chance their parents will agree to it So that their parents will say yes to the holiday, Tina. and her friends collect as much information as they can. save as much money as they can. show as much independence as they can. argue about it as much as they can. Tina's father explains that her parents have found it diffcut to raise her. she should pay more attention to other people's opinions. she should be more grateful for their care. it's hard for her parents to allow her to have her freedom. era @ Find words and phrases inthe text to replace the words in italics in these sentences. 1 Ourhotel was in a great place /position. 2. Your holiday rep willbe waiting when you arrive at your place you are going to 3. Ithought the Caribbean was really foreign and interesting, ‘4 We had a total amount of money available of €2000._— 5 We stayed in a small place where people go on holiday called Kala Nera,Saal ENOAAVAT TASH AT EAST: Tina was in er room, anxiously biting YoU! Tina got up and slowly went hher nails. Her parents were downstairs downstairs. Her heart was beating sense could hears Ute of what, qUicly. Ths hliay was something dhey mere saying, She didn need to tat she and two of her fends had hear all fit, anyway. She knew what been planing for months. They had they were dicusing fom the bits finaly agreed ona destination = that floated upstaisto her room. She Cormwal. Tt was fr enough away that heard her mum say-Welk its na very it would feel ikea reat Roiay, but Mice locaton, anyway" Het fathers” not so far om their hometown that fesponze was too quiet to heat. getting permission would be impossible, Ae fist, they had made a Tina rolled over on her bed and stared _ list of exotic places that they would at the ceiling. For weeks she had love to visit, but they soon realised been asking her parents for that there were limits to how far permission to go on holiday with her parents could be pushed. They had Friends while her frends did the same, 89 calculated how much money they In the beginning, they had refused ‘thought their parents might provide, ‘without even discussing it but Tina and realised that their budget would knew that that was just the first never cover a trip to France, Spain, or round in a long process. Like al any ofthe other countries that had parents of teenagers, they stated __—been onthe list. So, they had decided From the safest position, the one that 0 Cornwall, with its golden beaches caused them the least worry. Tina felt and clear water. she couldn't blame them for that, but they had to be persuaded overtime to They chose a small resort on the north cchange their minds. She had finally 08st, which Tina’ friend, Amy, had got them to the point where they been to with her family, and with the were seriously considering her help of the internet they planned all suggestion, ‘the details. They knew that they had to have the answers to any objections ‘ust then, she heard her mother’s their parents could come up with. voice calking her. ‘Tina. Come ‘Amy and Lauren's parents had agreed, downstairs, dear We want to talk to but Tina knew they were much more {nanan Find these words and phrases in the article and underline them. Can you work out what they mean from the context? hometown « cover «coast + objections « laid-back ‘peer pressure + awesome «interfering window. Her mum talking about y Tina, We understand that you'e sitaen now, and it’s important Foc yau too things with your ends. ‘and its not that we dont trust you, but a” “You have to understand, love’ her dad said, ‘that we've been looking after ‘you forthe last sixteen years, and it’s difficult for us to let you grow up. We know that youte quite sensible and that you/te not affected too much by peer pressure thankfully, so we've decided that you can go..." Tina jumped up excitedly. ‘Awesome! Wait till I tell Amy and Laurent Thanks, Mum, Thanks, Dad. You won't, regret it! Oh, TU need clothes, and a new suitcase, and ...” Her dad held his hand up. ‘Hold on. 1 haven't finished. We think its time ‘you had a hotiday with your friends, without us interfering in everything, but ... well... we haven't been away for a while...’ Tina froze, She couldn't quite believe what she was hearing. ‘What your father is tying to say’ her mum said, is that we've booked a hotel in the same town. So, youl have your independence, and we'll be there if you need us! We could even spend some time together, if your friends want to. Now, we know you won't think its ideal, but...” Tina sank slowly onto the sofa, a look of disbelief on her face. What was she {going to tell Amy and Lauren? ‘Haye youn.say!_ ‘At what age do you think teenagers should be allowed to go on holiday with their friends? Why? 19,Grammar 1 GEE OTT e \s this sentence correct or incorrect? Explain why / why not. ‘We are going on holiday to a nearby island every summer. ‘The present continuous and past continuous tenses refer to: events happening at a particular moment. * Ican't come now. |'m doing my homework. ‘When you called, | was having a bath, Litemporary situations or events. © We're staying in a wonderful hotel We were living in London fora few months last summer, Ci changing and developing situations. ‘© This area is developing quickly because of tourism. ‘© By the late 60s, many Spanish resorts were growing very quickly Ci the future (or the future in the past). ‘© Johnand Matt are going to France this summer. ‘© Iwas worried because we were having atest the next day. ‘The present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous tenses referto: events continuing up toa particular moment or stopping just beforeit. ‘© I'm tred because I've been running. ‘© We were annoyed because the hotel manager had been lying tous. ‘See Grammar database 3 on page 175 for more information. G Find this sentence in the text on page 19 and undertine it. Underline other examples of verbs used in a continuous tense. Why has the writer used a continuous tense in each case? This holiday was something that she and two of her friends had been planning for months. {© Use the verbs in brackets inthe correct frm to complet his tet G Correct these sentences. 1 {had been learning En seven years now. 2 When we were on holiday, ! was swimming every day. 3. We go on holiday tomorrow. 4 Have you ever been visiting any countries outside Europe? 5, Ihada shower when the hotel manager rang so | couldn't answer the phone. for about Use these verbs in the correct tense to complete the text. Some of the verbs may be used more than once. Last summer, 1 asa waitress ina holiday resort when |2 a great opportunity. 13 forabout a month when | 4 an ad for holiday reps. The interviews 5 —_—_ place the next day, so 16 the ‘number in the ad to ask where | had to ge. They7 ——__ to tke me when they meand they9 me 2b A group oftoursteso that weekend so |had to learn lots of | things about the resort very quickly. When the group 11 _____, | was ready. None| ofthem 12. there before so 1 +3 them all find the hotels they 44 —___inand then a5 ‘them the sights. | really 26 meeting people from different countries ‘and helping them. 117 back ‘again this summer. It's a great job!Vocabulary Travel and tourism Putthese words and phrases into the following categories: Ship, Plane and Train, express» carriage «ferry « platform cabin Now use some of these words and phrases to talk about the pictures. Word formation iS) eer] BD complete each sentence using a form ofthe word in brackets. 4. My amily runs a hotel, so I'm thinking of studying 2. [find travelling backwards on trains realy 3. Weregret to announce that the 4 Teenagers seem to prefer places like Australia to 5 Theymadean.__ 6 Inthese days of mass travel, the 7 There are a number of reasons for the 8 I've always believed that travel 9 It'sinteresting to see what 10 The Note down as many other forms of these words as you can, Dont forget to include any negative forms. Phrasal verbs: travel and tourism {D compete each phrasal verb to do with rave and tour using the wordsin the box. One ofthe words wll bused more than once, (emesis tana) 4. Asthe plane took + looked out of the window and saw the city getting smaller. 2. We're leaving for Spain on the rd May and we get ‘on the soth, 3, Weall went to the airport to see Grandma 4 The train started to speed. station 5 Have you got the tickets and passports? We need tocheck at the desk before we look round the airport shops. 6 The ferry slowed shore. aswe left the as we got closer to the at college. (TOUR) +50 | always sit facing forward. (COMFORT) of fight SA 121 has been delayed. (ARRIVE) countries when they go on holiday. (EUROPE) at the airport sayin that our fight had been delayed. (ANNOUNCE) between Europe and America seems to be much shorter. (DISTANT) inthe popularity of Iceland as a holiday destination. (GROW) the mind, (BROAD) differences existin diferent parts ofthe worl. (CULTURE) ‘of many Pacific islands rely on the money that visitors spend. (INHABIT) {BB sow match each phrasal verb rom Exercise D tothe Comet deftntion. There's one definition you do not need to use. go oan arpor, station, etc, to watch someone eave return fom hliday decrease you speed leave the ground preset yur ikl, passport and luggage tan apt toon holiday Tet epd Collocations: travel and tourism choose the correct word or phrase to complete these collocations. 1 a school excursion / trip 2 abusiness trip / journey 3. time off / out work 4 around-thewortd / round-the-earth trip 5 the holiday ofa life / 6 7 five-star /five-mark hotel holidaymakers / holidaydoers22 Listening @) Werd,power ; {harbour «quay» atractons + Opera House | _Stagting, point — ‘What place is shown in the photograph? ‘© What do you know about this city? Look at the first question from Exercise D. Write a phrase that could be used to complete the sentence. To see the harbour, you should . B steno this extract and check your answer to Exercise A. ES @) took atthe other sentences and tryto complete them. You will hear part of a radio talk about Sydney, Austral questions 1-10, complete the sentences. To see the harbour, you should The bridge connects North Sydney and. You get the best view from the bridge by crossing, ‘Some people say that the Opera House was designed to look tke a You can getinfor less ifyou are ‘The Botanical Gardens have plants from all over In Sydney there are people who come from From Sydney, Bondi Beach is located ‘Swimmers on Bondi Beach are watched by Because of the view, Taronga Zoo is a good place for 10 Have youn. say! Would you like to visit Australia? Would you like to visit an English-speaking country? ‘Which place in the world ‘would you most like to visit?Speaking BB how ten to another extract fom Speaking Part, What does Candidate B (Nick) do? 9 _Stagtind,point— FS + A photograph captures a momentin time. What tense do we use to describe the things happening inthe photograph at that moment? ‘© Aphotograph often shows an example of something. What tense do we use to talk about itin general? Look at photos A and B in Exercise Fand veaking Part 2? decide which photo each comment refers to. How should you do SPest Tj youshould Some comments may refer to both photos. Mow regen wo potouaphs and Wve Onthis holiday. a tatkabout how the thing Di ‘= you might need an experienced tour guide. compare with each 0 in great detail, making bb describe the photographs ‘© you might get bored with doing the same thing, ‘© the crowds might get on your nerves. ‘© you can get away from your everyday life. ‘= good weather is important. Gare you don't miss anvehi: Here are two photographs showing different kinds of hatiday ke you to compare them and tellus which haliday you would prefer to goon, You have about one Moke anote of one other point youcan make minute to dots, so don't wort if interupt you about each photo. G9 choose the correct words to cc complete these sentences. 1 Asafari is more / very exciting than a beach holiday. 2 Abeach holidays title /les expensive than asa. 3. Onthe / this one hand, a beach holiday is relaxing. 4 Onthe next / other hand, it can be quite boring 5 lke beach holidays, however / although | would prefer to goon star 6 Asari exciting whereas / despite a beach holiday isnt. ‘Which holiday would you prefer to go on? isten to ths extract from an interview. Which ofthese things does Candidate A (Katherine) to? " ‘she describes the first photosra? Ga detail and then the second otograph Then she talks 2 proroener ideal holiday. Candidate B, would you like to go camping? See Speaking database on page 194. 23Stegtigs,poi * 0 you ever go on holiday at times of the year other than the summer? {D Find words inthe tex to match these definitions. Read this article about holidays 4uickly and match each place tothe a isesol ecuiata 4 area ; - comect activity. 2 form of mountain transport 5 large, slow-moving mass ofice j 1 Australia A dog sledding 3. comfort and quality 6 putting clothes, etc, in suitcases 2 Chamonix 8 cross country sking . 3 Jukkasjarvi C sunbathing © villdays are a summer thing, One of the more popular places to 4 Alaska —D-_stayinginaanice right? Sun, sandand sea? find itis in Chamonix, inthe hotel LJ Perhaps, but the traditional French Alps, at the foot of Mont view of a holiday asa time to Blanc, The 1924 Winter Olympics GB Read the ith paragraph ofthe text and sear ra ae ‘were held there, and cach year decide if these statements are true or -your tan is ray ‘visitors from all over the world false. na ‘come to enjoy the spectacular + Thehoteis very comfortable. Scenery and winter spot. ‘More and more of us are i , ‘away from it all inthe winter, 2 You can visitthe hotel at any time of year ‘Chamonix caters for beginners, 3, Thetemperature at the hotels usually the real appeal of this resort isthe below freezing r ‘ross country skitralls and ski 4 Guests often complain about the extreme cold.Jukkasjarvi, a village in northern Swedish Lapland. Here, every November, 100 tons of ice and 300 tons of snow become the Ice Hotel. Its constructed in, November and lasts until the end of April, when the spring sun finally wins the battle and the hotel melts. 4 There are around 300 rooms with beds of ice covered with reindeer skins and thermal sleeping bags. They keep you warm in temperatures between -4°C and -9°C, although it has been known to drop to -25", Just don’task the management to ‘um up the heating or you might find yourself without @ room! ‘The hotel includes an fce-art ‘exhibition, am ice sauna and a cinema with a huge screen carved sg ut of, you've guessed If that's not er (2 ty i é together into the great unknows 6 Spending the night in comfortable log cabins and the day exploring the vast iy glaciers with ‘your team of dogs, you'll vow never to waste a week Iying on a beach again! surrounding region, including skating at the local rink, and it's a short tip to the town of Kiruna for the Snow Festival. 5 Learn something about the local ‘Sami culture and find out what it's really like to spend your life in the snow, ‘Today's winter wanderer has so ‘many options that there's no excuse for just sitting at home staring at grey skies. 7 ‘More and more companies are realising that we don't all want to spend Christmas eating turkey and sitting watching the TV. Find ‘out more from your local travel When you've had enough, relaxation, take the daredevil in you on a winter wilderness adventure. Fy into Anchorage, ‘Alaska, forthe start of your dog sledding tour. You'll travel out of town by car and by snowmobile where your adventure begins. You'l be shown how tohandle sent anid get packing! your huskies by an experienced guide and then you'll se off Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can you work out wihat they mean from the context? bound to flock - appeal «constructed thermal «carved «rink + huskies» vow ‘Which of these winter resorts, ‘would you prefer to visit? What other kinds of winter holiday can you think of?eS Grammar 2 Ram ‘Which of these words completes the sentence? s0/such/too/enough twas ___ awonderful holiday that | can’t wait to go back there. Complete these sentences using 3, such oo or enough. 1 The resort was busy that | didn't really enjoy our holiday. 2 lewas abit hot for ust spend the dayon the beach, 3. Wegottothe hotel early that our oom hadn't been cleaned. 4 There wasn't time for usto se all the sights. 5 i's ane day that we should go tothe beach. 6 The neighbours were _ _ friendly people that we went out for dinner with them. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence using the word siven in bold. ‘The resort was very big. We got lost a few times. so The hotel was very expensive. We couldn't stay there. too ‘Australia isa long way away. It takes a day to get there. such ‘The weather's quite bad. We aren't going to the beach. enough The hotel was very dirty. We decided to stay somewhere else. such The hotel was very dirty, We decided to stay somewhere else. so ''m young. My mum won't let me go on holiday with my friends. too 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Does this sentence referto the past, the present or the future? {1am used to staying in hotels, usedto Copast states © Weused own a holiday hhome around here. Copast habits # Weused 0 come here on holiday every year when I was chil, would Copast habits © We would come here on holiday every year when I was achild be/get used to (Csitations that are now familiar orno longer strange © twas strange staying ina ‘hotel at first, but | soon got used to it. ‘See Grammar database 5 on page 176 for more information. B ct00se tne correct word or pase. 1 When was younger, we have ent and we went camping tot ausedto — bwould were sed to 2 Ourneighbours sometimes came with us hollday. awould bwereused ta C gotused to 3. Mymum business ps Aisusedto busedto ¢ would 4 |___tke beach hotidays, but now find them ait boring aamusedto bwould cusedto 5 You useto go to summer camp when you were a boy Dad avid Would cWere going away on {i Make sentences about you and your famly sing used fo and would.[S) Use of English een Te) iH tea the text in Exercise B. 3 Dede whether hese esi ar nK ate nor tick : Decide whether tese |_| basis ech gap, Use oly one Word in each i sap. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. ELLEN MACARTHUR 4. Ellen Macarthur started sailing when she was eight. ‘She bought her first boat when she was eighteen, 3 Shewas the first woman to Imagine you're sailing at night with a hurricane sail alone around Britain. blowing, thousands of miles from the nearest 4 She communicates with dry land. Suddenly, there is (a) loud people while she is at sea. noise and your sail breaks free. Your only chance (2) survival sto climb the mast in the darkness and fix @ + even though you haven't slept for two days, It's all just part ould you do Use of ofa typical working day for Ellen Macarthur, the first woman to sail alone He @ the world. English Part 2? ‘When you have chosen words £0 to-go on sailing trips (6) holiday with her aunt fil all the gaps, you should it years old and she fel in love with it. She (7) _ ‘a read the whole text again {go sailing whenever she could and she saved all her pocket money until ‘quickly to see ifit makes finally she (8) able to buy her frst boat, an 8ft dinghy. When she sense. was 18, Ellen sale alone around the coast of Britain, (9) wasa b goontoPart3immediately. great achievement. Now, as well as (10) ‘a famous sailor, she is an author and her stories of her adventures at sea are very popular. She likes, a) keep in touch with people while she's in the middle of the a ocer t2) rey forheronlineandyoumight —,.,? He/She quickly adapted an existing product. —_ ead the text ver SOM issuing that his waren erie 2 tl Se ‘The inventor had borrowed some money. 3 A Wiam read the text fist. Tren ft ‘The invention eventually led to great wealth for the inventor. 14. each question, scan i ra ‘The inventor got an idea from another culture. 5 the beginning until answer. 38.\ 9. Where did they come froin? | Angela Stewart looks at four everyday items we take for granted and J asks ‘Where did they come from?’. that he ran out of dishes. 1ic looked around, and. ‘aw a Syrian man selling, a Middle Eastern dessert called ‘Zalabia', awafer like pastry sold with syrup. Give He Zalabia, cried! Menches. He rolled up the Zalabia into a cone, scooped his ice cream onto the top and the second ice-cream cone was born! You know that white stuf you paint on paper to cover mistakes? It was originally called ‘Mistake Out’ and was the inyention of Bette Nesmith Graham. After her divorce, she realised she would have 10 find a job to Suppor jherselfand her son, so in 1951 she became a typist. Unfortunately she was n0t a particularly good Cone, and Soon recognised the need for a white paint which could be used to coven all her mistakes, Using her kitdlien and garage as a laboratoryandifi@tory, she gradually developedi@iproduct that other secretaries ancvoffice workers began to,buy. While continuing t work ‘aA secretary, she eclucated herself in business methods and! Promotion. Bette offered ‘Mistake Out to IBM, who sumed it down. Undeterred, she changed the namé to ‘Liquid Paper’ and continued O/SEl it from home for the next seventeen years, In 1979, ‘Liquid Paper’ was bought by Gillete for $47.5 million plus royalties! Incidentally, Bette was also the mother of Mike Nesmith, a member of the ‘welF-known sixties pop group ‘The Monkees Find words or phrases in the article which are similar in meaning to these words and phrases. don't think about (subtitle) lots of (paragraph A) suddenly (paragraph A) given, allowed to have (paragraph B) slowly, step-by-step (paragraph ©) ‘unrelated tothe subject (paragraph ©) solved the problem (paragraph D) close (50 the air cant get in or out) (paragraph D) 3 4 5 6 7 8 GQ Strangely enough, the first practical tin opener was developed more than forty years after the metal tin \was introduced. Tinned food was developed for the British Navy in 1813. Made of solid iron, the tins usually weighed more than the food they held Although the inventor, Peter Durand, successfully figured out how to seal food into tins, he gave litle thought as to how to get it out again. The jnstructions read: ‘Cut round the top with a chisel and hammer! It was only when steel tins were Drought out thatthe tin opener was invented, The first was devised by Ezra Wamer in 1858. This ype never left the shop, asa shop assistant opened all tins before they were taken away! The more modern tin opener, with a cutting wheel, was invented by William Lyman in 1870. Pullopen tins which do noc need a tin opener at all, were introduced! in 1966, Work it out) Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can you work out what they mean from the context? debt - brainwave «emigrated ran out of «undeterred «chisel Have youn.say! How important were each of these inventions? How different would the modern world be if they hadn't been invented?Grammar 2 Lis ‘Which box in the table below should each of these sentences be put into? The digital camera | bought is great! I'm going to get a digital camera. ‘The digital camera has changed the nature of photography. Digital cameras are stil quite expensive. ‘singular countable plural countable uncountable a/an —onenon-specific x x thing: ‘haven't ot ‘computer. If the next word begins witha vowel sound, use‘: haven't got an umbrela the onesspeciicthing: several specific specific: The This isthe things: These technology in computerhich! are the CDs Itold_ this equipment toldyou about. you about. Isvery general group or advanced, category: The tin ‘openers a great Invention. noarticle x generally: Cars generally: Causepoliton. Tecnology s nothing new. {G9 book at these phrases from the article on page 38 and answer the questions. more than forty years after the metaltin was introduced. 1 Isthisone speciitin or metal tins general? member ofthe «pop g70UP = 2 le this one specific pop group ot pop groups generaly? 9 There are ten mistakes wth articles inthis paragraph. Find them and correc them. The Jason Tarbuck, a inventor from UK, has come up with an ~ unique way to prevent the le from locking themselves tof their houses. Invention, led the LockSafe, uses the all electronic sensor on a light beam from the key or key che | sh “She's at school. (as a student oF | teached) | ashe’ at the school. (5 avisiton \ Choose the correct form of the verb to complete this sentence. | want to bean astronaut when I will ‘grow / grow up. (ater certain time words and Phrases, we use a present tense (present simple, present continuous, present perfect) even though we are referring to the future. (© when: /'¥l buy a computer when | have enough money. ‘© as soon as: Send me a text message 1s soon as you artve. © before: tum offthe lights before | leave. © after: Can you lend me that DVD after, ‘you've watched it? © until / til: PU wait until you get online. © while (4 think of you while you're doing your science exam. ‘See Grammar database 8 on page 178 for more information, Gy iointhese sentences using the word ar phase in bold. 1 The price of stereos wil come down soon, The my brother wil buy ene when 2 ins the science report. Then hand itn immediatly. as soon as 3 You fll asleep. After tat the doctors willstr the operation. before 4 You cant use your bankcard at the moment The bank wllsend you 2 PIN number andthe you can use unt 5 Im going to watch that movie tonight on TRilvdeoitforyou at the same time. wile D complete nese sentences about you. 1 Assoonasl. later today, tonight I wont. unt. When I. tomorrow. While. ths evening, Before |Use of English Read the text in Exercise 8 pra auickly and decide these statements are true (Dor Read the text below and tink ofthe word which bes ts each gap. Use only one Cr Pores aoe) false (F). word in each gap. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 1. Thettext mentions Eyes poner TIF WIRELESS ELECTRICITY 2 Thetext describes a Al of us in the developed world use electricity every day in many different ways. new way of getting As (a) ‘as we walk into a room we turn on lights without even thinking power. TIF aboutit. We expect that when we fick a switch, the power (2) bethere 3 Thetext says some “any time ofthe night or day and if for any reason our poweris cut (3) people already have it creates major problems. Today's homes are full (4) electrical sockets wireless electricity, —T/F and every day millions of us plug our mobile phones, laptops and PDAs in to charge 6) batteries. This could become a thing of the past, though, How should you do Use of developing wireless electricity. English Part 2? oniylook attwo words on | Think of wf, Ut qute recent all computers connected 0 (7) each side of each g9P internet had to be connected to a phone line. Today, many computers are capable tecause they always tell you | of using (€) _____ wireless connection, giving the computer user much whatthe missing wordis. (6) freedom. Researchers want to do the same with electricity. In the bb Lookcarefully atallthe | future, instead of plugging your mobile into the wall, out be abe to charge it words in a sentence because ) simply (10) ___leavingit near the power supply in your home. We can all luestothemissingwo"d | (3) __ forward to.a day when the idea of connecting a TV to a hole inthe could appear anywhere | yall will seem very old-fashioned. (12) then, well al just have to keep plugging things in. Look tthe gaps in Exercise D and decide what kind of word (noun, adjective ee) is required fr each gap. Read the text below, Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits inthe gap in the same line. Write your answers IN. CAPITAL LETTERS. The Modern Kitchen Thomas Edison knew his new (3) the ight bulb, would be INVENT @ __., but its unlikely that he realised quite how much we REVOLUTION would come to rely on this new source of power. For example, the () of electricity has completely changed the kitchen. INTRODUCE The modern kitchemis overflowing with electrical (4) _.We APPLY boil our water with electric kettles, cook on electric cookers and pput our dirty dishes inthe (5). Itshard to imagine how DISH we would survive without all this (6) __. Before electricity, EQUIP people spent much longer preparing food. These days, fora busy parent whose kids are hungry, the simplest (7) isto SOLVE take some (8) food out of thefreezer and pop itin the FREEZE ‘microwave, It might not always be the healthiest option, but at, least its quick. That's rather an (6) on having to cooka meal IMPROVE from scratch. Its been particularly (20) _forwomen—no BENEFIT longer do they have to stay all day chained to the cooker. How should you do Use of English Part 32 Don't worry too much about spelling because you get a mark ifit’s nearly right. b_ Be very careful with your Spelling because if you ‘make one spelling mistake, it's wrong,Writing: article &&® Stanting,point— * Look at the pictures. How much do we depend on the technology shown? oe mC + What are some of the drawbacks of relying on technology? (0) ead this article and undertne any ofthe drawbacks you mentioned. 9992992992929929999' Why I'm not a fan of modern technology ‘are you worried about how much we rely on technology? |am, and the | situation's getting worse every Year. ‘ve got friends in my class who can't do simple Iculator just to work out six times seven! And ther spend their free time in That's not ‘Technology makes us lazy. maths ~ they have to use a cal | many teenagers | know would ra | front of their computer than meet their friends. healthy! What's more, .--- ike i 2 Will everyone be ‘What will life be like in a hundred years: , unemployed because robots will be doing all the jobs? Will the environment be completely polluted? Will... ? {think ‘that’s a possbblity, and it's frightening. Technology is here to stay, and some ofits very beneficial, but we es oh carat, We should use technology to make our Ives easier, not let it cour way of life. 0B Read the antici again and answer these question. Does the witer use © contractions ('ve, ete)? G Complete the unfinished sentences ‘formal expressions likeMoreover, Furthermore’ tc? in paragraphs 2 and 3 using your ‘very formal, semi-formal, or very informal language? ‘own words and ideas. Make sure Find two examples that the writer gives to illustrate a point. vou use he ai svt Find an expression that means the same as ‘Moreover Why does the writer ask questions in the article? ‘Where do you think you would find an article like this? Have youn.sey! a) ina scientific journal b) in a magazine for teenagers 6) ina physics textbook 6 Ifthe article appeared in either of the other two options, how would it be different? 3 4 5nye 3 TEER] How should you write an article? Look at who the readers of your - article willbe, and choose the Your school magazine fs runing series of appropiate level of formal articles under te itle"Why Ima fan of Di iee pees modern technology’. Write an article to the person, ae Se appear in the series expressing your opinion. REISE See Wrtng database on page further information. "SE © Answer these questions. © Make a paragraph pan. You should have at least 4 Wie going med your arti Parag What are ou gong tinue ech 2 Should it be very formal? Paragraphs 3, Should you have an introductory paragraph? ; 44 Shouldyousive some examplesto support your GQ Wilteyourartclein s2o.a8o wordsin an Spa yous appropiate syle. 5 Should you come to a conclusion at the end? Makeaalistin note form af general benefits of ‘modern technology. eg helps us communicate Next to each point in your lis, note down an examples . followed your paragraph plan ‘eg if stuck in trafic can call on your mobile siven some examples Discuss these withthe lass. een on tried to interest the reader checked your spelling and grammar 0000Werd,power—* ‘wealthy «afford «get by - poverty ‘wel off «badly off, oe UI KY * Compare these two photographs of different people. Describe what you think their lives are like. ) ead the ttle and subtitle ofthe following article, What i itabout? ©) Reed the article quickly and find hat kindof business each person runs. Mare Maiffret ‘Mike Becker Andy Wolf Robert Tuchman John Christakos 44 You are going to read an article from a magazine about business. For questions 1-15, choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. ‘AMARC MAIFFRET D ROBERT TUCHMAN B MIKE BECKER JOHN CHRISTAKOS CANDY WOLF Which ofthe people mention the following? Hike making money out of something Have doing. rao You should learn from how other companies dothings. 3 ‘Most people don't try to benefit from theirideas. 4 You may have to lear new skils. 5 You shouldn't follow all the advice you are given. 6 7 I didn't get the right experience before I started 8 Young people have to work harder to be successful. 9 It's important tohave aclearideaofyouraims. 10 112 You need to allow time for enjoying yourself. 13, found a new way to do something. 4 You shouldn't give up ifyou Fall. 5 iyo td 3 a yrds or phrases in the text which have a similar ‘When you find wor meaning to words oe se that paragraph/ person as the correct a ye ry carefully before choosing bread the relevant sentences ver your answer. ©) Find these words and phrases in the text. Match them to the correct definitions. 2 fortune a put money into business 2 setup b customers 3. invested ¢_businessmen/women 4 company 4. start (@ business) 5 product fe abusiness 6 clients F large amount of money 7 cheap 8 Wwhata business sells 8 entrepreneurs inexpensiveearl wi hate going to school and = tuned to hacking out of boredom. Now twenty-one, he as made a fortune out of computer seeuriy. "The thin 'm happy e e bout is that my bigest passion in fe something that actually makes a good brusiness,' says Maifret. So what advice does Mare have for young people? Be ready to work lot you're younger, it Ready to take your first steps down the road to independence? Then ishanler to impress people. You'd beter take the advice of these young millionaires all under 30. They know ‘oe ready to make work your only focus what it takes to succeed. and now what you want o ac come ted wan HE6 og pda Nl Jon hss a hiss rT en nannsrracy thse ting are righ. Believe in yoursell ‘parmers could lord designer eae ae ae mat and don't ge up. Youve to havea plan funiture when they were students so " and sick i they decided wo produce thei ovn eee They all studied business and knew er than going high-tech, Mi « that there was large market for chip 7 Sport has made Robert Tuchman wel re wetin th oppostedeton. FF re wan ithaaing Aerts fre The sess As a teenager, he collected toys and , % sort abaieess riffion Sa at theca pere avers, he coulda’ nda job in now wor : “ems rom i duldhond ken there teeision, so he worked in advertising, __ When asked for his ace 0 =< vere peopl ke me out there so setup k Peceprencinr Gia et = 2 coollitl busines based on what ‘Wt companies really wanted wasto ake | PE ON te cee bourke aT ‘othe small companies in othe eld love, he sys. Becker decided to bring back the bobblehead (aplastic toy that you wear on your head) and invested his savings of $35,000 in his business. His company now makes around $2 millon established a business odo tat. We now never did that, so we discovered make around $10 million year Ifyou Problems and solutions for the fist want o be successful, you've gotto go for ime. Ifyou were thinking of going into iL Don'teverletanyonesayiteantbe —_‘businesson your own you'd learn a aye. Bevery clear abou viiis de fitdoenr work thefit ine phe I Hom heh nd expences you're selling. Ask yourself whether i thereisamarket fort Be prepared to Hay 0 make itwork. So, whatever our interes are, you extend your range of abilities,’ Becker ‘want to make illo, the advises. ‘Everyone comes across a good ‘opportunities are there, Every ‘idea in their fe, but they seldom do billionaire has to start somewhere! anything about it's relly about putting \ ielenpeie Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can ~ you work out what they mean from the context? ‘The god idea tat Andy Wolf came up ties decorate Hyon sail hacking» ddeaton sng «seldom «ge up = gofor it ° suonboar hens, You are billocie surrounded by snow al you cat do Baa shteboard wks wanted odo bath, so I came up with the snowskate. t's eas umat: like a snowboard you don't tie to your Heveyoursay\ feet His producti becoming so What are the possible problems of being popular that mountain resorts are staring to build snowskte pars, tis very wealthy? advice? "There are definitely set ideas on _~Grammar 1 Condition: (Oa Does this sentence refer to the past or the present? IF had more money, | would buy another CD. Ci zero conditional Ifa present tense +a present tense ‘© used for general or scientific truths ‘Ifyou have your own business, you work very hard. Cifirst conditionat if present tense + wil (or other modal + bare infinitive I+ present tense + imperative used for real or likely situations Ifyou are having problems, your bank manager will try to help. Ifyou are having problems, speak to your bank manager. [second conditional {past (simple or continuous) + would (or other modal) + bare infinitive '* used for impossible, unikely or hypothetical situations If were you, | would set up my own business. ‘See Grammar database 9 on page 178 for more information. Find this sentence nthe article on page 4s and under you're younger. it isharderto impress peopl. Find another five conditional sentences and undertine them. Decide whether each one isa zero, first or second conditional. ircle the correct words or phrases to complete these sentences. 1 had enough money, Iwill / would buy a new computer. We'll We'd get there before the shops close if we hurry up. Ifyou don't have the receipt, they won't / wouldn't give you your money back. _ 5 always spend / would spend too much money if go / went shopping. Use these prompts to write sentences using I 1 1/be /you/1/askmy parents for more pocket money 2 you / win / the lottery / what / you / do with the money? 3. the shops / busy this afternoon / we / drive to the new supermarket charities / have more money / people / be / more generous 5 you / go/ tothe police / you / find / someone's wallet? | always buy clothes inthe latest style, it can / could afford it. ‘Complete these sentences for yourself 1 fcharities ask me for money, 2 IF goshopping, 3. il have alte extra money, .. 4. If needed more money, . Take some money —__you see something you want to buy. of these words and phrases completes the sentence above? unless, in case, as long as, provided that Cluntess = except get you some new trainers, unless they'e too expensive. (iin case = because... might Let's leave now in case the shops close early. V'lllend you some money as long as / provided that you pay me back tomorrow. ‘See Grammar database 10 on page 179 for more information, {BB Use the phrases inthe box to complete the tert. You can use the phrases more than once. (cantata) WINNING THE LOTTERY aire Owen had never won anything, 1 You count a spelling contest ‘when she was seven. Then, one day, she won twenty millon euros on the national lottery. “Tasked my husband to pinch me 2 | was dreaming! laughs Claire. "Then | started topanic3 Id lostthe ticket, but | hhadit safely in my purse. I knew the win could affect my life badly 4 | was careful, Dut thought | would be okay 5 used the money wisely. linvested some, 6 | needed itn the future, and I gave some to friends and family Being rch is ‘okay, 7 you remember who you are ‘and who your true trenas are.Vocabulary Money Each ofthe nouns in bold is inthe wrong sentence, Write the corect word or phrase. 1 Ifyou don't have te discount, 'm afraid we cant sve you yourmoney back. 2 This computer game I bought from here doesn't work so ike receipt, please. Only €20 for such a nice dress? That's a real checkout! 4 Buy two boxes of washing powder and well give you acashpolnt of 20%! ‘went back to the newsagent’s because the assistant had given me too much, credit card 6 Youcan pay for your fight over the phone ifyou have a currency. Just a second. need to goto the change to get some money. Iwas at the supermarket and | got tothe bargain and suddenly realised | \ dida'thave any money! 9 To order your copy of TeenScene, send a refund for €5 to the address belov. 10 The cheque in aly used tobe the lira, uni they started using the eur, Phrasal verbs: business and money GB Match each phrasal verb todo with business and money tothe correct meaning, 1 Tom doesn’thave much money so he often has to do ‘a avoid spending money, often for a specific without expensive holidays. purpose 2. I'm saving up to get a new skateboard, b_ stop doing business completely 3 They don't have much money, but they get by. € live without having something you can't afford 4 Sarah was shocked to hear that she had come into alarge d_retur something to the shop you bought it ‘amount of money. from 5m thinking of setting up a company to sell jewellery. manage to survive on a small amount of money 6 Iyournew watch doesn't work, take it back. £ start (@ business, ete) 7 Lots of local businesses have closed down recently. 8 inherit Word formation 7 itigntworthit. | Complete this table. Include al posible forms you can think OO Near worth ah including negative forms. - Frou» | verb | adjective Confusable words: business ccoresty and money D choose the correct word to complete each sentence, 1. The countrys facing serious economic / economical problems. 2 It would be more economic / economical if we all went in one car instead of two 3 Doyou think you could tend / borrow me ten euros until tomorrow? 4 Idon'tlike lending / borrowing money expense from my fiends, SSeS 5. My dad has decided to go into business / company as an accountant, 6. My family has a dry-cleaning industry / company, s0 |help out at weekends. advertise finance commercialise48 * Doyourparents give you an amount of money every week? + Doyou have to do anything for the money they sive you? (0) vecide whether you agree (A or disagree (0) with these statements. Explain your choices. 4. Teenagers today have more money than teenagers in the past. ao 2. Theres more to spend your money con today than in the past. no 3. Teenagers are more likey to work for money than inthe past aD @ Pead the questions in Exercise Cand decide Whether the following statements are probably true or false. 1 The person being interviewed works for an organisation called Moneyspot. T/F 2 Alison is the name of the person asking the questions in the interview. WF 3. Alison talks about how parents today sive money to their children. uF 4, Alison talks about how teenagers today spend their money. WF 5. Alison mentions how teenagers use the internet to spend money. WF 6 Alison only talks about what teenagers do, not their parents, UF 7. Alison thinks getting a parttime job is a bad idea for teenagers. vWF How should y Coury You will hear an interview with a financial expert. For questions +7, choose the best answer (f, Bor What is the main purpose of Moneyspot? to advise young people on saving money to persuade people to save more money to provide information about economic conditions ‘What does Alison say about teenagers in the past? They got less money than teenagers today. They got their money from different sources than teenagers today. They got more money from working than teenagers today. ‘Alison says that many parents today don't lke giving their teenage children money. put money into a bank account for their teenagers. are too busy to remember to give their children money. poe Most teenagers’ money today is spent on things that weren't available to buy in the past. things that teenagers inthe past weren't interested in, the same things teenagers in the past spent their money on. What difference does Alison say the internet has made? Teenagers can buy things they couldn’t find in the shops inthe past. B_ Teenagers are less likely to want to learn how to drive than in the past. ‘Teenagers can find things much cheaper than they are in the shops. Alison suggests that parents generally don’t understand how good teenagers are with money. don’t give their teenage children enough money. don't encourage their teenage children to save properiy. Alison suggests teenagers work part-time even though its unlikely to help them in their future careers. nobody really wants to employ young people. the law limits the amount of work they can do. Rers aero eo Nery nara “ emt ss tion in the listening SO remember on eA eae earlier questions could come at » Teasers crs eae foe eatvay ea te besoin jestions don't cor _Have youn say! ‘money for someone your ageSpeaking Le. _ Werd,powe: ‘comer shop + convenient Startind,poinit— + Which ofthe placesin the pictures) Make notes to complete tis table. 40 you prefer to shop at? Why? Doyou agree or disagreewith these Have you ever bought ‘statements? Explain why. ‘Shopping on the internet can be ‘What kinds of things do dangerous because you never know people buy who to trust. What are two advantages “Smal comer shops have more of shopping character than large department F stores. ‘We should just have huge How do you feelabout supermarkets that sell everything, shopping ..? GD teste ths candidate comparing) compare your answers. Make a not of god ideas you hea. think the photographs he is talking about might show? Here ae two photographs showing diferent ways of shopping. Uike you to compare them and tell us how you feel about these jopping. You have about one minute to do this, o don't Listen again. The candidate uses fve different words and phrases for giving examples. Make a note of them, bistento what they are savingReading 2 @® G Read the first two paragraphs ofthe article and match each —Weond,power— {_ td aimed at «brand + marketing Stapting,poinit— | q Werd,power * What does this picture show? Do you think there are too many ads on TV? country to the statement that describes that country. Sweden people think children learn something useful from France advertisements the UK b_ advertisements fortoys are not allowed a certain times, Greece € alladvertsing aimed at young children is banned advertising food to children is controlled ene ‘Views concerming advertising aimed at children differ widely in Europe. In Sweden it 's considered unacceptable and is banned for children under 12 with the approval ofthe ‘majority ofthe population. in France advertisements are seen as part of preparing children for future lie in a consumer society. ‘There seems to be agreement that certain. regulations a leat are necessary. However, the degree to which advertising to children is. regulated again varies widely from country to country. Inthe UK, there are rules on food advertising, heath, hygiene, safety and decency and there are restrictions on broadcast time (for alcohol, medicines and slimming products). Greece has a ban on advertisements for children's toys between 7 am and 10 pm and a total ban on advertisements for war toys. ‘You are going to read a newspaper article about children and advertising. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A.B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1 Most people in Sweden 5 Ads aimed at children are more powerful when they are ‘A. agree withthe ban on advertising to children, A connected to schoolwork 8 would prefer children to learn about advertising. B shown during childrens programmes. think children have aright to view advertisements. C_ shown at breakfast time, would lke to introduce a ban on advertising to D shown on a weekday ee 6 The text implies that advertisements in the past 2 According tothe text, which ofthese ads wouldbe A presented a diferent ifestyle allowed in Greece? B ere more attractive to children. ‘A anad fortoy soldiers at pm focused more onthe product. 8 anadforanew game at 1pm showed toys children didn't want. Canad fora doll a 6am D) af ad for femteccraroledearet spr 7 What do children learn from advertising? ‘A how to live ina modern economy 3. When adults don't find something they have seen nan B howto have a successful career advertisement, © which TV characters re popular An they can oftenbe quite childish about it what to doto work in advertising B itbecomes irrelevant to them. they don’t understand why it was advertised. ys Wie Wietcied a Neue ower ol — D. they continue looking until the find it. companies? ‘A. They often sell products which are unsafe. 4 According to the text, why do companies spend a loton B They often use children in their advertisements. advertising? € They don't understand how children react to ads. A is successful at persuading peopletobuytheie __Theyjust wanttomakea lot of money out of cir. products. ' 8 itmeans they are able toinfluencethecontent ,.,.jould you do Reading Part * SPV pomennes. Peo { from start to finish and think about the € [teaches people how advertsingworks, __& ‘Rea the text from sare PsA TT D They know that people prefer the ads to the ne Dean ‘continue like this. eas bb find the paragraph that each question refers to and study that paragrab! that question. jh carefully while you think aboutChildren's reactions to advertisements can be very diferent ‘rom grown-ups. If adults see a product advertised and ‘ont findit when they go shopping they forget about it. As children develop the ability to recognise and understand ads and their purpose they stat making demands. I these demands ae nat fuifiled they might start screaming or ‘throwing themselves tothe floor. Iti dificult to explain to young chitdren the reasons wit they cannot have everthing which - according to advertising ~ is ‘for them’ Research by advertising agencies has confirmed that children's personal preferences can be targeted and changed by TV advertising. aduts, who have had years Of practice in seeing through and being able to deal with ads, could not be influenced in their decisions to choose or buy products then no company would spend milions on advertising. Research has also confirmed the influence of ‘the media upon the close match between children’s tastes ‘and the content of the programmes they watch, Teachers say they know what has been on TV the night before bythe games the children play the next day. The effectiveness of jE Find words or short phrases inthe text to match these definitions, shopper (paragraph 1) rules (paragraph 2) rule saying something isnot allowed (paragraph 2) companies that produce ads (paragraph 4) how high up you are in society (paragraph 5) ‘way oftiving your life (paragraph 6) advertising increases when the ads are shown in between ‘or around programmes aimed at children, or when children perceive an advertisement to be made for them’ as, for example, with toys or breakfast cereals. ‘Advertisements today are nat so much about the products but rather about the character ofthe consumers and how they should feet when they use or possess the advertised product. Messages to children are all about the happiness, sorial status or success which accompany the possession ‘or consumption ofa certain toy or type of food. ‘Advertisement research found thatthe media can shape children's preferences fr different toys, TV characters, lifestyles, etc at diferent ages. Children's preferences are formed by the media and presented to them again in advertising. Children who are exposed to alot of advertising are thus educated about a particular lifestyle: they are educated about living ina consumer society. They leam certain attitudes —the importance of money, what products are needed, how they are tobe used and how products are supposed to make them fee. ‘Allowing business interests and economic criteria to determine what children are exposed to when watching ads will undoubtedly have some effect on thelr future view ot society. Afterall, the companies certainly do not have the children's moral or sacal well-being in mind; they are only ‘concerned about profits. Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can you work out what they mean from the context? Fnygiene + demands «seeing through, Have youn.sey!_ Do you agree with these statements? ‘Advertising aimed at young children should be controlled. Parents should let young children ‘watch anything they want an TV. @Money >) Grammar 2 Choose the corect words to complet thstext Monee Your money are on your desk where you left them, Isthis sentence correct o Explain why. CJ Some nouns are countable. We can use "a! or ‘an’ with these words. ‘© dog, two dogs, many dogs correct? (1) Some nouns are uncountable. We can't use ‘aor ‘an’ with these words. Mast of these are singular and take a singular verb (is,not are). ‘© money, some money, not much money, The money is. Ci some of them are plural and take a plural verb ‘© jeans, some jeans, My jeans are... cates {©} Exlain the ciference in meaning between each ofthese ‘much: uncountable nouns, usually in balks of words. negative sentences and questions wood | a wood paper /a paper a EnV ee aUet i e coffee / acoffee iron fan iron sanjenirfatie vouregusuelly i chicken / a chicken chocolate / a chocolate negative sentences and questions glass /aglass © Idon't have many Cbs, Complete these phrases using the words inthe box. Find all. alot of, lots of: both countable and the possible answers, uncountable nouns Ihave lots of friends. information - jeans » knowledge ‘© Mrfones has a lat of money. few: countable nouns, = ‘not many’ 2 abitof. 4 apairof ‘© Ihave few fiends in my 2 a piece of 5. asheet of ieacce 3. aslice of ____ 6 anitemof. afew: countable nouns, = "some, not © am happy ft have a few close friends. need some new cothes: need a new clothes: little: uncountable nouns, = ‘not much’ my pti al a Circle the correct words or phrases to complete these litte: uncountable nouns, = some, not beanie none’ : 1 Ihave little / a little free time, so why don’t we go shopping? » havealttle money, so icon affordto -«--Hans Rausingisa very private man and has few / a few oe ve contacts with the press. 3 Ihave solittle /a little money that | don't know how I'm going to pay the rent. See Grammar databases 11 and 12 on pages 4 Can give you back the money | owe you in few / a few days? 4379 and 380 for more information. 5 I'veonly been to this shop few / a few times before. 6 You might succeed in business if you make title / alittle effortHow should you do U: G tee Ie of English Use of English IFyou don't you don't know what one of the answers means, you should 6 Read the text in Exercise B quickly to answer this question. @ choose itifyou think the other How do German teenagers differ from French and British teenagers? words are wrong. > never choose tb cause it mi be wrong, es Read the text below and decide which All the girls who were interviewed (11) ___for clothes regularly, half answer (A, B,C or D) best fits each gap. _of them buying something from a department store or a large clothes ‘shop at least once a month. They also see it as a (12) __ activity and TETAS TALS PIN Le] 22'n# 017d the shops with their friends isthe main way they learn what the latest trends are. large-scale (3) __has been done by advertisers on the spending (2) of today'stecnagers, Rhus). wih + Aresearch study question __D search some fascinating results. Girls across 2 Acustoms Bactions ——-Chabits D methods Europe ranging in age roms to 18 were 3 Atumedout Bcomeup Cgonedown _D brought out, interviewed. The researchers (4)_that_ 4 Acreated invented discovered _D portrayed these giiswanttobesuccessfuland == 5 qreach © Bsucceed Cmanage =D achieve sophisticated and are willing to spend to (Q_ thelookthey wantwhenthey © Agoes Bakes Comes D brings hhave the money, that is! 7 amount Blot C piece Dunit 8 Agofor Bwearout Cake back D make up cone So Ee cet oe 9 Aconcerned Binterested Ckeen D focused Perce) ottrernainn Cm matte Cwear a coming out ofthe study isthat German 4 Ashop Buy Cparchass: _Dpay teenagers (8) __ clothes that are 12 Aftiendly — Bteam linked D social practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more (9) about appearance, although they all How should you do Use of English Part 4? agreed that the clothes should (20) When you have comple eee rite have completed the second sentence, you 2. read both sentences again to check the meaning. b immediately write your answer on the answer sheet ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and ive words, including the word given. Write the ‘missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 1. You'll never have enough money fora new mobile 4 A great deal has changed in this area since the new ifyou don't save litle each week. shopping centre opened. unless many You'lInever haveenough money fora new mobile ‘There in this area since the new shopping alittle each week. centre opened 2 li get you a book for your birthday, provided that 5 Lent Frances fifty euros last month and she stil. Ive got enough money. hasn't given itback. tong from Hl get you a book for your birthday, Te Frances last month and she still hasn't got enough money. sivenit back. 3 There isn't much moneyleftin my bank account. 6 [started work at nine o'clock this morning and stil otiy, haven't finished! There ___ money left in my bank account. aay ieee finished! nine this morning and | stil haven't 5354, Stargtind,point. What do these photographs show? * Doyou do any ofthese chores at home? Who does these jobs? = washing up. ~ tidying up your room, = taking out the rubbish. cleaning the car G) Read this writing task and these extracts fom two essays. Do the extracts come from the beginning or the end of the essays? You have had a class discussion on money and your teacher hhas asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the following question: Should teenagers eam their pocket money? Write your essay in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. Decide how good you think the two extracts are, Consider the following points Compare your answers. + formality + relevance to topic ‘© use of grammar * use of discursive phrases + vocabulary ‘+ sentence length / complexity Ik conclusi _Reerclision Lucila augue that .. i Sc i WEE ey nse erste tage ass within Im addition te that, adel Pavents shoula understena than oe the fouaily. ee eee oncomplet the inal paragraph fom extract B ting your imagintion, Compare yout dea, Inconclusion, | would argue that teenagers should not be asked to do chores to earn their allowance because Find words or phrases in extract B o answer these questions. 1 Which words are used to introduce the point of the paragraph? 2. Which word means whereas’? 3, Which phrase introduces the final paragraph of the essay? BB choose the odd se out 1 aforexample bincontrast _¢ forinstance 2 ainaddition furthermore con the other hand 3 abut byet 50 4 ainmyopinion bmoreover cas faras I'm concerned 5 atobegin with firstly casa result 6 ainconclusion btosumup despite this, Do you think teenagers should work part-time to earn money? Tr ofnd three main reasons. Compare your ideas. Make a note of any good ideas you hear. Make a paragraph plan. Which of these plans would you choose? Decide what information you will Include in each paragraph Wite your essa appropriate sive. eon used formal language used good discursive phrases presented a clear argument(1) Match. There is one letter you do not need to use. a 1 kettle a__aportable computer 1 2 freezer b the glass part of alight, 3 socket... ¢_adevice for storing 2 4 bulb frozen food 5 cashpoint__ d_amachine for getting 3 6 plug money 7 laptop & device for boiling water 4 what connects a device tothe electricity supply 5 & amachine that washes 6 ‘cups, plates, ete h aplace in a wall that 7 provides electricity zz Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence. My dad has been involved on / in / for computer programming all his life. lve decided to apply in /on / for a job i company. ‘When you've finished with / for / at the computer, turn It off. This article is full with / of / for scientific words | don’t understand. Are you looking forward to / on / at your first day at work? How successful you are in business depends for / on / to how hard you work. [My sister isn't as interested on / of / in high-tech gadgets asim, software z= ©) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe frst sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 4 Ifyou don’t have any money, why not borrow some 6 from a friend? lend Why don’t you ask a friend _ ‘money, ifyou don't have any? 2. There aren’t many successful businesses in this area. only There are area. succeed in this 3, You might need to geta taxi home, sotakesome 8 ‘more money. case ‘Take some more money geta taxi home. 10 4 Iwant to study computing;bout my grades aren't ‘g00d enough, would IF my grades computing. study 20 5 Istarted working here in 2003. been 1 _...2001. {Fl can afford, get you a CD for your birthday. unless Fil get you a CO for your birthday, enough money. Henry Ford thought of the assembly line, with each factory worker doing one small job. ‘came Henry Ford —____ __..idea of the assembly line, with each factory worker doing one small job. Pay me back on Tuesday and 'lllend you €50. tong Fillend you €50, Tuesday. me backon have to go to the launderette because our washing machine has stopped working. down Our washing machine have to go to the launderette. +50! | can't install this game because there isn't much space inmy computer's memory. only There space in my computer's, memory, so | can’t install this game. so miarks{1} Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Career File: Working in Science fe are attracted to a career as.a (i) —.anditcan SCIENCE ee ee rewarding, Finding (2) — to irene! oe affect people’ Ives can be very G) ——and give YOu one sence of @) _--Hfyou arene ofthe lucky ones, YOUNES © even come up with something that is (6) —to large mht tt people around the world atthe same time, thou Ber {mportantto realise that success in science demands (6) au aandalotof hard work. Behind every great (7) —lle long OWS sf work inthe laboratory not to mention yeas of Sea ae education. I's big (6) —oftime and money. but Re aa tobe involved in the latest (0) —makesit worthwhile. z= "Choose the correct phrasal verb to fil the gap in each sentence. 4. The computer has a long way over the last thirty years, Ataken on Bcomeon C broken down —D put in 2. Iheard that they area new software company in town. Aputtingin -Bgettingthrough Ctaking back —_D setting up 3 Idon't want to go out tonight because 'm ___ for my holidays. Asavingup -Bkeepingup —Cgettingby —-D making out 4 |_—quite a lot of money when my grandfather died, Acameinto Blookedinto —_C took off Dilet down 5 Didyou manage to__ to Dennis on the phone yesterday? Aputin Bgetthrough Ctake back ——_—D checkin 6 The Carters don’t have a lot of money, but they seem to. Aget by “Bbreakdown —Cglve up. Dclose down 7. Mydad’s decided toa new washing machine. Acut off Btake after Cut in Dome on 8 Scientists are the possibility of ife on other planets. Adoing without Btakingback —Cseeingoff_——_D looking into as Write a word from the box in ‘each gap to complete the sentences. obsolete «reoluionary + wealthy ‘mature «gullible «numerous ; ‘convenient + sceptical It’s much more important to be happy than itis to be 2 lmquite__ about claims that computers can think tke humans. | don’t think is really possible. 3 Your father and | have decided that you'e probably old enough and —__ enough to be left on your own for the evening, 4 The company is bringing out afan____new design for ‘car that runs off hydrogen. 5 Iknow that large supermarkets have a broader range, but the old comer shop used to be so when all needed was a pint of milk. 6 Things change so fast that a computer that isnew today willbe ___ ina few years’ time. 7, Weave had — complaints about this video game and we shall be investigating it very carefully. 8 Ijust told john that they've invented a robot that does your English homework and he believed me! He's so _ Total: 60 marks 87ie mo Reading 1 @® Ww Startiag,poiri * Look atthe photos ofthe teenage gitls and boys next tothe article. How old do you think they are? What do you think they ike doing in thelr spare time? GQ Match the topics 1-8 with the sentences (A-H) in Exercise B below, which have been removed from the text. 41. socialising with people ies offered somewhere event 4 the differences between parents and teenagers 5. future possi 6 teenagers’ relationships with family members 7. what teenagers spend money on 8 problems with schoolwork You are going to read an article about what teenagers do in their free time. Seven: sentences have been removed from the article. haose rom the sentences AH the one which fs ach gap (+7). “Ther “How should you do Reading Part 2? to understand the topic ofeach para ‘you understand what the missing sentenct Dor't waste time trying to understand teeta e ee ‘This task is about sentences, jot paragraphs. Becky, Alex and Claire are 15, Liz is 16. We're having a pizza in Guildford on a Friday night. The last time I saw them, they were in school uniform and the transformation is remarkable; the schoolgirls are gone and I'm siting with a group of young women wearing make-up and the latest fashions, ‘The girls are all in Year 11. This is the first time the friends have had to make choices that will affect their future ~ which sixth-form college to attend, which A levels to choose. 1 says Alex. ‘We're going shopping. tomorrow for clothes. You can buy your own ticket for the ball, which Lean’e wait, Look at the article again and circle all the leisure time activities mentioned. D wite« word or phrase from the article in each gap to complete the sentences The counelhave done up the od train station and turned It into a shopping centre. The. is increible! (paragraph 1) This video game is so te. been playing It or nous! (paragraph 3) lea’t goto the concert on Saturday night because 'm going tobe "for Mrand rs Carte, {paragraph 4) itreally me when my parents don'tiet me stay out late. (Garagraph 5) I'm bored with just here. Why don't we go into the town centre and do some shopping? (paragraph 7) Ny mum and dad often atme about the way! dress. (paragraph 8)is great. It would be awful if you had to be asked by a boy.” “There's not much to do in Petersfield if you're our age, ‘complains Claire. ‘There's one club and they have fifteen-eighteen nights, but that's it. 2 e's really addictive and it's a great way to keep in touch. There's a disco they organise forall the schools, Durall the teachers go, so it’s not much fun.” Most ofthe group have babysitng jobs and receive an allowance from theic paren. |The gists are concemed with ther schoolwork, and want 10 do wel in their exams, so spend much oftheir time away from schoo studying, ‘They enjoy the same television programmes that I watch, listen to the same music and wear the same style of casual clothes. (One of my colleagues infuriates his teenage son by knocking on his bedroom door when the boy has stormed off to play rock music at full blast, and suggesting thatthe next track is better) 4 I wonder if this growing democracy of entertainment makes the girls’ relationships with their parents ‘easier than it was when Iwas a teenager. I don't talk to my parents about anything!” Becky exclaims, shocked at the suggestion. Ross is 17 years old and plays in a bband called Macer. "You should hear them. They're great. They're going to be massive, says his best friend Matthew, also 17. They're both sixth-formers at Porth County ‘Comprehensive, studying drama, S$ ‘Tsend emails and go to chat rooms sometimes when I'm at home,’ admits Matthew, ‘but Pve ‘got better things to do with my time at school.” “The boys have part-time jobs and. Ross spends much of his spare time ‘working on his music. “There's not alot of time for jus hanging around,’ he says. "We don’t see as much of each other as we used t0, because of gitlfriends and work.” 6 The bowling alleys and multiplex cinemas in nearby towns and cities will have to wait, and Mum. See you later! Teenagers, notoriously, never tell their parents much. But two groups did allow Theresa Jameson to find out what happens after they say they're ‘going out ... just out’ and shut the front door they limit cheir socialising to Porth and the surrounding villages. “We try to go our when we can to play pool,’ says Matthew. ‘Our parents don’t mind what time we ‘come home. Itake my mobile with re, so if gets really late, my mum might phone me.” Occasionally, Matthew's mother stays up until he gets home, just to sake sure he's allright. 7 “They want us to achieve more than they did,” observes Matthew. “They want us to go off to university. We've got more choices than our parents had. There's more expected of us, though, and they still have a go at us over phone bills and spending too much money, of course.’ Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can ‘you work out what they mean from the context? | notoriously «at full las rack «limit» socialising «surroundingGrammar 1 ea Which of these sentences offer advice? What does the other one do? a) You must phone us as soon as the concert finishes. ) You should get there early as there'll bea big queue. We can use modals and semi-modals to express permission, ability, obligation, advice and criticism, (Permission © Can | Could May | stay at Pauline’s hhouse tonight? Clabitity ‘© Nate can play the guitar really well. © I couldn't swim until was five years old. © She could have gone to the party but She didn't want to. Clobtigation '* You must be home by eleven o'clock. '* Do!have to be home by eleven o'clock? Chadvice / criticism You ought to / should take a break. You've been working too hard. © You ought to / should have booked tickets beforehand. ‘See Grammar database +3 on page 180 for more information. Find these phrases from the article on pages 58-59 and use the correct modal or ssemi-modal in the gap. Then choose the function of the modal or semi-modal. 1. This is the first time the friends make choices obligation / ability 2 You buy your own ticket advice and criticism / ability and permission 3. Itwould be awful ifyou be asked .. advice and criticism / obligation 4 You hear them . advice / obligation B) choose the correct word or phrase. | still can't believe / to believe it's true, but my parents finally said | musta’t / didn’t have to ‘go with them to visit my aunt and uncle, and that can / could go with Billy and Angela to the Placebo concert! We had to / must queue up for over an hour to get tickets, but it was definitely worth it. The concert was fantastic! They sang all the songs from their new album. You ought / should get it it's great! We should have taken / take some water with us, though, as the drinks at the venue were really expensive. | ccouldr't even afford / have afforded a can of lemonade, so | had borrow / to borrow some money from Angela. (I must / ‘ought to remember to pay her back). Anyway, itwas one of the best days of my life. Iwish you could have come / come too! Choose aword or phrase from the boxto complete each sentence, don’t have to « should have «can’t shouldn't « mustn't» could 1 You sit in front of the computer all day. Why don't you go out and get some fresh air? Id love to take a day off, but | We got Christine a ticket too, 4 Doyouthink | invite a few people round next Saturday night? 5. You can go to the party, but you stay out too lat. 6 You ‘come with us, but you can if you lke. 7 lizzie beg her dad forages before he agreed to take her to the fair B takcabout yourstt 1 What an you do really well? 2 What should you do every day? 3. Whatdo you have todo this evening? 4 What could you have done last weekend but didn't do? Why not?Vocabulary People associated with leisure time activities ‘Match the people with their definitions. 1 cast 4 aperson watching a sporting 2 audience event 3 spectator alarge group of people 44 lifeguard theactorsina play 5 host 4. a person who organises a party, 6 guest = 7 vewer a person watching 1V & cighecer the people watching play, od attending a concert, ete 8 aperson looking at a tourist attraction h_aperson who is invited to a party 1 aperson who saves swimmers who are in trouble Phrasal verbs: leisure Use a phrasal verb to do with leisure in the correct. form to complete each sentence. ‘catch on + come across + come round « fick through 1 Isaw the ad for the water park as | was. a magazine. 2 |_____ some really old comics as | was looking round the second-hand bookshop. 3. Mydad’s decided to hhang-gliding. | hope hhe doesn’t hurt himself 4 Afew of my fiends, watched some DVDs. 5 Rap musichas really inthe last few years — it's more popular than pop these days. 6. She said she'd meet me for a coffee if she could _____..from work for an hour of two. 7, Sean and | have _____ going for a walk every ‘Sunday afternoon, It's so relaxing! _last night and we Word patterns” BD) choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1 finally succeeded to get / in getting a couple of tickets for te concert. 2 How did you manage to organise / in organising the party in such a short time? 3 Ihope you'e able to come / coming bowling with us on Tuesday. 4 Iwish | was capable to take / of taking such great photos. 5 We've arranged to meet / meeting in the park at half past eight. 6 I've never enjoyed to go / going to the circus. 7, Myparents don't allow me stay /to stay out ater midnight. ‘8 Mymum lets me buy / to buy my own clothes. Word formation Complete this table, Include al possible forms you Canthink of including negative forms. popular _w8 : Franco ary! | rea enioyed mE for the party. a Toa mtrtaned mse @“Staging, point ‘+ Look atthe picture. What do you think has happened here? What would you do in this situation? G9 read the questions in Exercise B. istento the beginnings of the eight extracts, Match each extract, to one of the questions 1-8 and write down a word or Extract A__/ Extract 8_/ Extract C_/ Extract D__/ Extract Ef Extract F__/ Extract 6 _/ Extract H_—/ stow shout you do Listing pant hes ; tly sure i yosre sot absoltl 5 2 tithe anaes dont orig he anne sheet wy yu nt absolutely sue i arse, make 38 Ofte guess based O° chat you understood. You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C), 1. You hear two teenagers playing a computer game. How do they think the game could be improved? A. by making it more competitive B_ by making it easier to enter the castle by giving the players more information 2 You hear a woman talking about a trip to afunfair. How did she feel on the ride she describes? ‘A. She enjoyed it more than her son. 8 She was more scared than her son. She regretted taking her son on it. 3 You hear two people deciding what to do for the evening. What do they finally decide to do? A goto thecinema Bplay pool C stayat home 4 You hear this woman talking on her mobile phone in a café. What probably happened to the person she is speaking to? ‘A. She got stuck in traffic She had an accident. She got held up at work You hear a man talking about camping. What does he say about it? The campers get on well with each other in the campsite It’s nice to live without electrical appliances for a few days. He takes the whole family camping every year. 6 Youheara telephone information service. What kind of show can you see atthe theatre next Saturday? A amusical B acomedy a science fiction play 7. You hear an announcement for a radio programme. What is the programme about? A ancient Greek buildings B the diet ofthe ancient Greeks C social fe in ancient Greece 8 You hear a famous musician talk about her life. Who inspired her to become a professional musician? her father B her music teacher another famous musicianbasics - campfire open air- penknife ] not take with you. You have about three minutes. Bibra een tose ‘* How useful would these things be? ‘Which two would you definitely not take with you? Match to make phrases connected {BB 100K at the exam taskin Exercise ¢ Speaking > QESBETET carrer Idlike you to imagine that you are both gong camping fora week at inthe summer with some fiends. Here ae some things you might —aAvSRE Bows! take with you. Talk to each other about how useful these things would be and then decide which wo things you would definitely Staiting,point— Wihat do people usually dowhen they go camping? How do they cope without electricity and ther things we take for granted athome? ‘with camping. Then match each phrase with a picture in Exercise C. Swiss army a bag inflatable b rod sleeping c_kaife gaits? How should you do Speakin c cassette d_ cooker sy two parts ier tere are usually two pat fishing recorder _& Rem Td try todo both oft sas f boat oi ree minutes. sg within the th aed the ont eventt260 e of the task as you probably Mave tine or wont BD do Exercise Cwith wo students a the candidates. The rest ofthe cass ung to provide feedback When you have ished, swap oles. and listen to these students doing Speaking Part i 3. Foreach extract, low should you do Speaking Part g wmite a word inthe 3 Don't disagree with the interioct gap to complete i Your opinions affect your marke PeCaUSe useful phrase. Don't worry about the opinion I think X would be useful? 1aRE 2s they are logical, because yo eS because/since/. ‘marked on your ability to speak Frown’ C8. Xwould probably/. be ak English extremely /very/ =». useful rim not certain/ weld (realy) use/ . Would you lke to goon a camping trip ike this with your What do you about friends? 1” Why does camping appeal to so many people? I think Xisa good Does what someone likes doing in their spare time Xwould/might/could change as they get older? useful In what ways are leisure fcities different in small towns Let's and vilages compared to large towns and ces? ra to What are the esur facts lke inthe area where you ve? See Speaking database on page 194, 63Word,power living board «rubber ring rapids “Starting,point— ‘+ Have you ever done any ofthe activities Sern in the photos? + Which do you think are the most enjoyable / exciting / frightening? ing Part 1 You are going to read an article about water parks. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A,B, C or D) which you think fits best according tothe text at oven cts cal you do.) What does the word ‘that'(ine 3. How dowater parks in Britain at the beach, (b) at a water park, (2 at the leisure centre's facilities What you did after leaving the atativonl su ps 17) refer to? differ from those in atradtona wining poo? Make 2 paneer SECTOR, B. aday out inthe 1970s, ‘A. Pools in British water parks are re always inside. D Quickly read the first paragraph of the article. What were leisure centres like eH eke i Mesteeraneat aver parks are always in the open air inthe 19708? - centre Mediterranean water parks are 2 Theidea behind water parksis sometimes connected to a that people holiday resort. without | q wantmore thanjusta simple British water parks have indoor mer the questions want more than just a simple P: a Tet an the tex swimming pool. and outdoor facilites. looking ‘ion, “isure centres were read the questio B feltleis res were 1004 what point is the writer making retest, rode wre peserinte tex ar eh ‘natch ito the best option: expensive. inthe fourth paragraph? © needtobe entertained twenty: 4 Water parks do not have an four hours a day. + entrance fee, whereas leisure D don't enjoy swimming. aed 64,‘ack in the 1870s, atypical family day out was a trip to the local leisure centre. Every town had one ‘and they were basically al the same, with a large rectangular swimming ‘poo! (shallow at one end, deep at the ‘other @ separate deep-water area with several diving boards, and a kiddie-pool for babies or those who couldn't swim. f you were lucky, there was a shor, straight slide that had to be kept wet with » bucket of water. And after your leisure centre ‘experience, there was a drinks ‘machine selling hot chocolate for mum and cans of fizzy drinks for the 17 kids. And that was it How things change! Now ‘thankfully ~ we have the water park, based on the notion that swimming fn its own is not the most interesting ‘activity in the world. People got entertainment for thelr money. ‘Maditerranesn countries, because of the warmer and drier climate, they ‘are more often than not completely ‘outdoors. Some are dedicated water parks, and others are part of a larger leisure or holiday complex. All, B. Water parks provide value for money if you stay long enough. People rarely spend more than a couple of hours at a leisure centre. D Despite their benefits, water parks are too expensive. 5 How dowater park slides differ from leisure centre slides? ‘A. Water park slides are much faster. B_ Water park slides are connected to awater supply. C Water park slides are more frightening, D_ Water park slides are much wider. 6 What do the rapids and the lazy poo! have in common? ‘A. The water is moving. BTheyboth take you round ina circle. CC Theyare designed for children, however, provide much more than the chance to swim a few lengths. Unlike the leisure centre, theres litle point just turning up for an hour or ‘wo. This is partly because there's so ‘much to do, end partly because ‘there's usually an entrance fee ‘which, although quite reasonable it ‘you make the most of what's on. Offer, Is not cheap. ‘So what is there to do? All water parks have a number of slides. These fare not the old-fashioned straight slides of the 1870s, though. They come in all shapos and sizes ~ some {are open, some are totally enclosed tunnels, some are steep, some are ‘bumpy, some twist sharply, some you can go down in pairs or on rubber rings. All of them have water flowing down them. You can often. ‘choose how you want to go down — hhead fist, feet first, on your front or back, sitting up, lying down, Your position affects your ‘and how much water will splash into your face! Other atractions often include the rapids ~in which you make your way ‘through a man-made river, surviving the obstacles such as backwards flowing currents, waterfalls and D ‘They are bath very exciting. Whats the effect ofthe word “boast” inne 882 emphasises that what follow are positive attractions. ttshows that water parks advertise heavily. it demonstrates that water parks are always expanding. it reminds us that water parks are very modern. What isthe purpose ofthis article? to persuade towns to bulld more water parks toiinform people about their local water park to describe how leisure faci have changed toadvertise a particular service es rapids. I's exhilarating and at times ~ a lite scary and for some reason kids are much better at getting round than adults. The baby-brother of the rapids is the lazy pool, where the current gently takes you round a circular channel of water. I's relaxing more ‘than exciting, and some lazy pools ‘even have @ jacuzz half way round, ‘Some larger water parks have a wave machine in the main pool Which makes waves up to a metre high. That makes the whole ‘swimming experience rather more thrilling than in the old leisure centre days. Some have a ‘death slide’, ‘whore you hold onto a bar which slides down a cable over the pool. When it hits the end, you drop into the water! There's aiso a lot more on offer than a drinks machine. Many 6 water parks boast shops, cafés, bars land restaurants, and a bar actually in the middle of the pool is not tuncommon in many Mediterranean ‘water parks. Just remember to keep ‘your money dry! Find these words and phrases Inthe text and underline them. Can you work out what they mean from the context? notion + combination reasonable « steep + twist splash «obstacles ‘current «thrilling «cable Find a word trom te article to complete these phases. 1 day 2 drinks 3 flay 4 leisure/holiday 5 fee 6 all and sizes 7 wave ery 65.Grammar 2 ma ay TET Circle the correct words to complete these sentences. That was athe more/the most exciting ride I've ever been on, This ride was more/most exciting than/from the others. (Do you think this ride is as exciting than/as the other fone we went on? (We use the comparative to compare things and people that are different and separate fram each other. Coldplay are better than any other band. (CW use the superlative to compare one member ofa ‘r0Up with the whole group. Our town's got the best water park in the area! Be carefull The numberof syllables in the orginal Adjective and the way itis pelt determine how we form the comparative and superlative. e.g. nicer and bigger but more interesting {Cee carefull There ae a number of regular ‘comparatives and superlatives. e.g. bad / worse / worst (Cle use as... as to compare two things that are similar or the same. The film is just as good as the ‘book. See Grammar database 14 on page 181 for more information. Find these extracts inthe article on pages 64-65 and write the correct word or phrase in each gap. 1 athe generation of water pars. 2. swimming on its own snot activity in the word 3. ~ because of the 4 All, however, provide lengths. climate, .. the chance to swim a few compete each sentence using the comect form ofthe vod Inbeachats 1 Thatwasthe very onetime. 2 The Eminem concert was great but! wish thad gone on ong). 3. The tipto Eur Disney ended up being (expensive) then wel thought 4 Going on that olercoaster was one ofthe experiences of yl 5 The entrance fee cost last year. 6 only knew a few people atthe party as Jason had invited ‘io fe @ (fynny) programme Ive seen for a (bad) (litte this year than it did ® a ‘Most of the people/things/ ete = one ‘oat people/things/ete general specific grOUP ‘x The most ofthe people thines/ ete G Complete the second sentence so that it has a ilar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1. The play wasn't nearly as boring ast expected itto be. more The play dexpectedit to be. 2 Don't worry! It’s the safest rde in the whole theme park. dangerous Don't worry! t's whole theme park. 33 Sara saiditwas the best party shel ever been to, never Sara said she'd pay 4 The museum was further than weld been told. as The museum ride in the weld been told, (Ee (C1With the verb to be (as a main verb or an auxiliary verb), we form questions by inverting the subject and verb. Were you scared when you went down the rapids? ‘Are you going to go down again? (Clit the verb to have as an auxiliary verb, we form questions by inverting the Subject and ver, Have you een the new Mel Gibson movie? Clwith alt other verbs (inctuding to have as a main verb) we form questions using the verb to do. Do you have a DVD player? Did you go to the fair? {Ce carefull with question words, whether we use fo do or not depends on whether the question word refers tothe subject or abject ofthe verb. Compare: What went wrong? (subject) What did you cdo yesterday? object) Who bought the tickets? (subject) Who did you buy tickets for? (object) See Grammar database 15 on page 182 for ‘more information. Askyour partner four questions about a game or free-time activity he/she enjoys. When you have ished, swap oles.Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use one word in ) Leisure Use of English each gap. Write your answers IN CAPITALLETTERS, OB avierty read the text : in Exercise Band Tavistock Goosey Fair answer these questions? ‘Although many towns and cities in Britain have an annual fair, ew are (1) famous than Tavistock Goosey Fs 1. When was the first Goosey Fair held? 2 Whyisit called Goosey Fair? the UK, ands still as popular (3) Hundreds of yeas (4) Dating back to the 12th century, Goosey Fairis one of (2) farmers (6) it, held on the second Wednesday of October. oldest fairs in ever to bring thelr geese for sale Tavistock to the market. That's and drove them through the streets (6) the name ‘goosey' comes from. These days there are (8) many geese to be found at Goosey Far but it (6) fact stil possible tohave a goose lunch tthe various hotels and restaurants inthe town on the day othe fat 3 What happenstothe town in the evening? Goosey Fair attracts visitors from all over the country. The streets are closed (to) traffic and (13) ‘are hundreds of stalls selling everything from fruit and vegetables to the (12) __ up-to-date electronic equipment. In the evening, the town becomes a large funfair, with lots of different rides and attractions, How should you do Use of English Part 2? ‘a Remember that most ofthe words tested ‘Quickly read the text in Exercise D. How does @ inthis part ae lexical words ke nouns mek and mainvetbs. froma concert? istested # arpnber tht mestof the worst E ‘in this part are grammatical words like inh a en potions oan eed Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals atthe end of some ofthe lines to form a word tha fits in the gap in the same line. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Music Festivals People have always gone to concerts to hear their favourite musicians perform. Since the 1960s, a related form of 3) ENTERTAIN has grown in (2) _: the music festival A music festival is POPULAR How should you do Use of usually organised over a couple of days and is ikea series of English Part3? mini-concerts from a numberof artists. The ()getto see SPECTATE 2 _They rarely test plural diferent acts and usualy have to pay an (i) —feeto getinto ENTER forms, so you don't ‘and the crowd shows their (6). ofthe musicians bydancing APPRECIATE or plural ‘and cheering, At many festivals, other (7) —_ are also ACTIVE » They often test plural organised, such as juggling rfire-eating displays. forms, so you need to The first major festival took place in America ata place called ae ‘Woodstock. Itwas fee, and the (8) was veryhigh=many ATTEND Perea Gap thousands of people got together at tis very @) event. ENJOY "Many of the musicians who performed there went on to become very (20). FAME 67.Writing: formal @&S letter/email Starting,pointt: * Imagine you attended the music festival inthe photo. What positive things might you say about the experience? What criticisms could you make? 3 ead te letter betow and answer these questions. Does Leslie know the name of the person she is wrtngo? Isthe ete formal or informal? Does Leslie usecontactons (es td? Why is Leslie writing the letter? (two reasons) What postive aspects ofthe Festal dos she mention? How many suggestions does she make inher letter? \Wy didnt she write Yous sincerely? above her name? ‘Why did she write her surname as well as her first name? Dear sv / Madar Mase Festival, which | attended For the Fivst Hime this year Ny woul lke te congratulate you He ie successful event | thought Haat honing Aifevent stages for AiPRerent qaasic styles was a particularly gee nace “The testval was Hhoveughly exerable and Tro lamning te arena next year. However, there ave several suggestions | would reece vagawaing next year's Festival. {G Find these words and phrases inthe letter and choose their coreet meaning. with regard to about / in support of Law uniting with vegawa te the Dawklurst | | Week ance Fee of €40's ieoee aah econ 1 Rexpt Vike to, | attended wentto / heard about | feo ertensie to Mice m cheaper student | 9 apaiculaty good te ony good /a very gud suggest you ty 3 site was | 4 thoroughly fairy / extremely See ceconaly, although the coms ‘ 6 ne wore wot enough tailets. regarding about / watching wage ete Chat wore of Hhese take...into account obey / consider eave provided. Finally, oa series a Use: ees ne se comet beri final eri ope you Fake my suggestions i |" suggestion inthe third paragraph. Remember that 7 1299999929999999999999999 Yours PaithPully, | ead in snack bars (alrrast all) - with meat! rot much choice for us vegetariansl vegetarian food toc? Leslie ParkerBlagehead— How should you write a formal iete/ena SET | 2 2 wordsinthe notes a your Youare staying inten anchave recent beentoa misc icterenat fs You eroyed the esau you have some suggestions Paicoe tbe peenawn bee: aia b Use the ideas inthe notes but use more formal frammar and vocabulary. Read the advertisement forthe festival and the notes you have See Writing database on page made beside it. Then write letter tothe organiser giving your 397 for further information. ‘opinion ofthis year’s festival and making your suggestions for next len gcc ee a conly 1 rapper ~ should be more - Co aes ava rere reper tT eet ul - RCAC ALLS Ser ued Free camping site and washing facil eed maybe make it bit more? could get more/better bands Te too small ~ coed i also use field per next lol, Pen ede D) Wake a paragraph plan. Decide what information you B Before you write, answer these questions. willnclie in each paragraph, 1 Why are you wtng the letter? DDovou knovithe nine athe ofganiiar? BB write your tetter in 20-150 words. You must use ‘grammatically correct sentences with accurate ‘spelling and punctuation in a style appropriate for the situation. Do not write any addresses. 3. What will you mention as being particularly good? 4 What does ‘beverages’ mean in the advertisement? ™ 5 Doyou have to mention beverages in your letter? ‘Why? / Why not? 6 How many suggestions will you make in your letter? A enc dae 7 What are they? allthenotes g 8 Will you write ‘Yours sincerely’ or "Yours faithfully’ formal, polite English Oo ‘above your name? ‘used some of the words and phrases from Exercise B and the model etter Oo G Foreach suggestion, wite a sentence or group of started and finished your letter in sentences to include in your letter. an appropriate way oO 69Reading 1 @® Word,power—* ‘bottle bank + demonstration « liter» protest -“Seagting,poi * Compare the two photographs. What can we do to help protect our environment? Look atthe title ofthe article that follows. Which of these things do you expect tobe mentioned inthe article? + how touse ess water «the chemistry of water + weather conditions at sea + how wateriswasted Bead te aril quicty and check Your answers to Exerie A How should you do Reading Parts? i When a question asks why the ‘writer mentions somethin, you should. er ead the options (ABCD) fand choose one which factually tue. carefully 0 ‘bread the text find the reason and then choose the option that best expresses It. Making every drop) count Lisa Campbell looks at the challenge of conserving water. Drip, trickle, splash, Do you ever to those available to the ancient think about the water we use Greeks and Romans. More than a ‘every day for cleaning, drinking, bition people don't even have cooking and growing plants? access to clean drinking water ‘Water is essential to life. tis one and face problems caused by ‘ofthe most comman substances pollution and disease. Asthe inthe universe, and our planet, vith its vast oceans, i oy to have a generous stare of it Unfortunately, nnety-seven per cent ofthat share is say, and much ofthe rests inthe frm of ice at the North and South Poles. ‘world’s population grows, there is Increasing pressure on ‘agriculture, which demands large amounts of water. Changing the ‘course of rivers and building ‘dams threaten fish, with rare species of fish becoming extinct Getting an adequate supply of in some seas and lakes. fresh water isnot always easy, i especialy in the developing world, Thro ighout the ist three hr cougts cone st ua 20 ening te nesses ‘quantity of freshvater used by ‘each person doubled. The emphasis was on using more and ‘more water. Large-scale facilities Half ofthe world’s population stil ‘suffer from water services inferior You are going to read an article from a magazine. For questions 1-7, ‘choose the answer (A, 8, Cor D) which you think its best according tothe text. 1 Why does the writer mention A the North and South Poles? |A They are badly affected by 8 pollution. B Mostofthe Earth's wateris — € more efficient than most people think. designed to provide water for half the worle's population. badly polluted and carried frozen there. disease. © Theyaffectthe amountof _-D_betterthan those in many drinking water available. parts of the world today. D They provide many people aie Water slpy. 3, Whyare some fishin danger, according to the writer? {An increasing population ‘means more fish are eaten. 2. Thewaterservicesinancient A Greece and Rome werewere bull for water treatment and recycling and large numbers of reservoirs were constructed to store ‘water. However, many people have now realised that basic human and environmental needs are the top priority. The building of new water facilities is now less important than using what we already have efficiently and wisely. Repairing the existing system could have huge benefit. Through leaking pipes and faulty equipment, Mexico City, for example, loses enough water to meet the needs of city the siz of Rome. Bathroom hands. ae Over the lat twenty-five years, new technology and greater awareness of the problem have meant that water is used more efficiently. Industrial processes have been discovered that use ass water; itnow takes only six tons of water to make a ton of steel, ‘compared to sixty tons sixty years ago. People around the warld ae also more effective at protesting against the effects of water use on their local environment. Despite this, a lot of water is stil wasted. We can all do our bit for the environment by following a few simple water conservation dos and don'ts. Lakes are becoming increasingly polluted. C Humans alter the direction that some rivers take D_ They are forced into areas with salty water. 4 What do people now think is most important in wateruse? building large treatment facilities finding less wasteful ways to use water moving water from one city to another storing water so that people can use more ‘What does the writer say has happened in industry? ‘Most steel is now made without using water. ‘More efficient methods are used to create steel. Less steel is being produced due to a lack of water. ‘More steel is being made than ever before. Stare The bathroom isa key area where You can save water. Short showers use less water than baths, especially if you have a special Water-saving showerhead fited. Toilets which useless water can be fited, and even aplastic bottle filed ith water inthe cistern wil save a litre with each flush. Up to twelve Iitres of water is lost every minute it Yyou leave the tap running while you brush your teeth or wash your Kitchen and Laundry Filla sink to wash up instead of leaving the tap running and you can reduce the amount of water needed by hal. Dishwashers and washing machines should only be used when they are full, and then on a short t ‘oycle when possible. Find these words and phrases in the text and undertine them. Can ‘you work out what they mean from the context? trickle «the developing world «dams + reseroirs «conservation sink» evaporation + leaks Outdoors You can save water outside the home in a number of diferent ways. if you have a garden, rainwater can be recycled to water plants, which should be done in the evening or early morning so that less water is lost through ‘evaporation. Pavements and balconies should be swept instead of being washed. It can also help to ‘save water if any leaks or waste in Yyour neighbourhood are reported to ‘your local council So, next time you have a shower or ‘open a bottle of drinking water, think about where the water comes from and where i's going The writer says that water can be saved in the bathroom by hhaving showers and baths less often. brushing your teeth in running water. sing bottled water instead of tap water. replacing bathroom fittings with more efficent ones. Which of these water-saving measures is not ‘mentioned in the text? informing the right people about waste using rainwater to wash your balcony turning the tap off when washing up ‘making sure the dishwashers full when used Sane” _Have youn.say!_Grammar 1 (NS Complete t in brackets. sentence using the correct form of the verb Recently, industrial processes water. (discover) thatuse less “To orm the passive, Ci put the person thing the action is done to before the verb (Ci put the person/thing doing the action after the verb (when necessary) luse ‘bein the corect form + past participle ‘© Some species have been hunted to extinction. ‘The iveris polluted by local factories. ‘Apart from a tense, the form ofthe verb ‘be’ used may be ithe full infinitive ‘Some people don't want the new dam tobe built. Ci the bare infinitive ‘© Companies should be prevented from polluting the water supply (ithe -ing form ‘+ Most people don't like being told to pick up thet liter. ‘We use the passive: (Clwhen we don’t know who does/did/etc the action Clwhen we aren't interested in who does/did/ete the action Clwhen it's obvious who does/did/ete the action Cifor emphasis, formality and impersonal style ‘See Grammar database 16 on page 182 for more information. GJ Find alt examples of the passive you can in the text on pages 70-71 © Rewrite tnese sentences correctly. 1 Thetheor of evolution has suggested by Charles Darwin ‘The elephants in this area should protect by a ban on hunting. ‘im really looking forward to be taken tothe zo0 tomorrow. Anew species ofbrd was been discovered byscentss. People should being encourage to recycle their waste. The government being put under pressure to change the law on fishing Many dolphins kil accidentally by tuna nets 8 Global warming has predicted for along time now. G) 120k at the photograph, what do you think could be done with old appliances Uke this? ee Ee ©) Read this text about recycling electrical Orne Complete the text using the ANA a Mitions of new TVs, fridges, air-conditioning units and washing machines 1 every day around the world, So what happens to the old ones? In Japan, where around 20 milion electrical appliances 2 by the side of the road orin rivers every year, new legislation 3 in 2001 which ‘means that al electrical goods must be 50- 60% recyclable. Recycling these high-tech machines isn’t easy. They can't just 4 into small pieces that can 5 ______again. Special plants, like the Matsushita Eco-Technology Centre 6 for the process. Each appliance 7 very carefully and the components 8. into different categories. The plastic in these machines, for example, 9 _____ and reused to make internal components for new appliances. Although Matsushita, who owns Panasonic, 10_____ by some people for creating the problem in the first place, most people agree that progress 11__in dealing with this space age environmental challenge. L———Vocabulary Nature Choose the correct word ar phrase to complete each sentence. 1 ___Isthe gradual rise in temperature in many parts, ofthe world NAN Something that is rather than the town or city 4 Something that is harmful to the environment. isan unpleasant mixture of smoke and fog hanging over a city 6 The is caused by the sun's heat being trapped by gases inthe Earth’ atmosphere. 7 The — the pipes and facilites for taking dirty water from homes and factories, usualy to be treated. 8 A/An ‘san area where wildlife is specially protected. 9 Something that is____is related tothe town or the city, rather than the countryside. include coal, gas and oll is one which is under threat of extinction. is related to the countryside, + Such as a product, isnot Phrasal verbs: the environment GB Mater each phrasal verb todo with the environment to the corect meaning. 1 goof a. become extinct 2 dieout —b_ produce heat, asmelagas, ete 3 runout —¢_produceand stat to sella new product, 4 siveoff — d_ stopbeing fresh 5 cutdown € useallof something and not have any 6 bringout let 7 clearup (ofthe weather) become better after & throwaway cudorrain get rid of (ubbish, etc) h cuta tree, ete, so that it falls Complete each sentence using a phrasal verb from Exercise B in te correct form. 1 ifwe continue to use fossil fuels atthe present rate, weil eventually ofa. 2 BurgerBar i planning to anew, environmentaly-tiendly container fr their fast food 3 You'd be surprised at how much ofthe rainforests is every single day. 4, 1hrew the bananas away because I thought, they had ——— 5. Trees and plants tving things need {6 We should be very careful what we and try to reeyele as much as we can. 7 There willbe heavy rain showers in the morning, but itshould by the afternoon. 8 Unless somethings done, the snow leopard will within the next decade, ‘oxygen, which all, Word formation Complete this table. Write all possible forms {you can think of, including negative forms. environment X Word patterns (BD complete these sentences usingthe correct preposition. 1 Ifyou see awaterleak, eportit counel, 2. The government should create posters to inform people the danger tothe environment. 3. During his speech, the politician refered the new law as ‘an environmental disaster. 4 Many people have reacted. the situation by organising protests. 5, The company has been accused tons of chemicals inthe river. {6 Many animals depend. human help for survival in the wild. 7, Unless we take better care us, welllegret it your local _ dumping the world around74 Stagtind, point. What is this a photograph of? Which is more important: economic development or preserving the environment? I Listen to an extract from an interview and decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1 The local council wants to stop ‘building in the area 2. Greenwatch try to protect the environment, BeFore you listen tothe complete interview, look at each gap and try to. ‘guess what the answer could possibly be. You will hear part of a radio interview about the environment. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences, The local counci's aim isto ‘The councis planning to build ‘One ofthe problems people inthe area faces Greenwatch would lke to see the creation of ‘Many birds stop at the Eastford Downs as they go Eastford Downs is also important for Greenwatch has organised meetings and Local people seem to baaware thatthe Downs are ‘Anyone interested should cll Greenwatch for This weekend, Greenwatch are orga Have youn say! What environmental problems does your local area face? ‘What solutions ‘can you think of?Speaking &® Word,power~ oil tanker «oi slick « deforestation « construction industry Starting, point, ‘+ How do these forms of pollution affect the environment? What other forms of pollution can you think of? 3 ewe these sentences corectly and undertne the expressions used for lntrodulng an opto. 1 Rom my opinion, there is no pont ecyling things targe businesses are allowed to pout our natural envionment 2 Asfarthat Pm concemed, the goverment is doing everything itcan to protec the environment. 3 Tomyvien, we should worry about runing ou of fossil fuels when it happens not before. 4 Itseems me that children shouldbe taught how to cre forthe environment from a very Young age. B Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the statements in Exercise A. @ tisten to this candidate comparing two photographs and answerthese questions. id ‘© What do the photographs she is talking about show? Be specific. ‘+ What phrases does she use to introduce her opinions? do you think is the bigger threat MICE Speaking Here are two photographs showing different things that threaten our natural environment. dike you to compare them and tellus which you thinkis the bigger threat. You hhave about one minute to do this, so don’t worry if interrupt you. Candidate B, how do you feel about problems like these? vow soudyoudo sana stutions fr Pa 2 soar tote esrctons for Fa User ae omparingte Potorohs ‘you will have to discuss your opi ith your paint th pwetoeroresaspecie, Fe rsh as which pHotoaP prefer. a See Speaking database on page 194, 5Reading 2 GD A __Word,powe' Starting point — ‘© What do you know about these insects? ‘© What other insects do you know the names of in grasshopper mosquito Look at the title of the article opposite. ‘+ What isthe article about? B Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, and decide if these statements are true or false. Most species of ant are found inthe rainforests. Different ants have different jabs to do. Some ants use their own bodies to make a nest. ‘Ants only fight to protect themselves, How should you do Reading Part 2? 2 In orderto save time, loo} without reading the whol choose a sentence you think fits Read the whole the sentences with the gaps (mesa oped) English? © Match the insects in the pictures to the following names. beetle ladybird kat each gap in turn letext and quickly text before you try to match Sam Miller tells us about PCR CREO en ‘They are found all over the world. They cal lift up to 50 tintes their own body weight. ‘They seem to behave in complicated ways, yet each individual is typically no more than a couple of ceatimetres long. Ants. These social insects fave fascinated me since I frst bent down with a magnifying glass to watch them take sugat from a bowl. There are ‘more than 4,500 species of ant, with most of them found in the rainforests. Unfortunately, due to deforestation in these areas, many species will never be recorded. Ants live in a colony, which is built around the queen, She is the largest ant and her sole ‘occupation is producing eggs, while all her physical needs are taken care of by the worker ants around her. 1 ‘They You are going to read an article about ants. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the ane which fits each gap (s-7). There is one extra sentence you do not need to use, ‘A They are fed enormous quantities of honey until their bodies become so big that they cannot move. B_ They destroy every living thing in their path Ants follow the trail that other ants have left to locate a food source, D These are al female and infertile. E These ants don't have a permanent home. F Once this critical period is over and the first workers are at work, the colony rapidly develops. G Thisis generally the best way to getrid of ants from your garden. H. Allant species will ight to protect thelr colony and some will attack other species.perform suhifunctions as foraging for food and defending the colony from attack, as wellias tending to the queen and the colony's eggs. A colony is founded when a new queen sets off in search of & possible location. Once she fins hosen her spot, she begins to lay e288) some of which are for eating) during the difficult first few months. 2 Each species has its own clfifacteristic way of doing things. The leafeutter ant, for example, cuts seetions from leaves which it carries bak to the nest. ‘These are used as a Rind of femtiliser for fungus gardens the ants create underground, There, the leaves provide a rich source of nutrients for the fungus, which the ants eventually consume, ‘Then there's the honeypot ant. “These ants select certain workers to act as living containers for food. 3 Theyactasastore for the food and feed other ants by ‘producing the honey when they receive the right chemical signals. “These signals are an important part ofall ants lives and are used for, ‘identity and indicating the source of food. ‘They also help to explain how such Simple beings can display such complex behaviour. 4 fan obstacle blocks the ants' path, they swarm in all directions, attempting to go around it. The ants who discover the shorter way will get there faster and leave a stronger scent trail. Gradually, as more and ‘more ants follow this tai it ‘becomes even stronger, until all the ants are following the quicker route, ‘This kind of communication is very important in nomadic species, such asthearmyant. 5 Instead, they form a nest using their own bodies, with millions of them ‘hanging from a tree. When they decide to move on the whole ‘colony marches through the forest, carrying the queen and the eggs. © Match these words from the text and the missing sentences to the definitions. = infertile kind of plant, such as a mushroom tunable to produce eggs or young 1 a find the position of 2 acid b 3 locate © 4 fertiliser d_ strong, harmful chemical 5 fungus e something put on plants to help them grow Nature >) ‘The sight of a column of these ants ‘on the move is one of the most frightening sights in the rainforest. 6 Insects, young birds, lizards and other small animals that {ail to escape in time can look forward to a rather unpleasant end. Tes not just the army ant, though, that can bea threat. 7 They Sees, ocean a bodies as a weapon. After a successful attack, some species of ant will take eggs from the losing colony and return them to their own, rising the ants to work as slaves. There’s a never-ending list of things they do; ants lead intriguing lives, and tiny though they may be, 1 never tire of studying them! Dyiereep tact tee select «foraging - tending to critical «obstacle « sole Have youn.sey!_ Ifyou could study an insect, what kind of insect would you choose? Why? cz)Grammar 2 Linc forn or iafnitve — Choose the correct option. Ants often seem behaving / behave / to behave in complicated ways. lAfer some verbs, nouns and adjectives, we use the ful infinitive ‘© [hope to study biology at university. + Itsimportantto save water. + Itisour aim to persuade the council to stop builiing CJ After modal verbs, ‘make’ and ‘let’, we use the bare infinitive. © Allofus should use less water. ‘+ We make people recycle their rubbish here * The council lets factories pollute the local river. later some verbs and after prepositions, we use the -ing form. + Please avoid dropping litter in this rea. + How can we prevent an environmental disaster from happening? Some verbs canbe followed by both the ng form ‘or the full infinitive without a change in meaning. ‘+ We should al start to take/toking responsibilty. (Clwith other verbs, the meaning changes. ‘+ Have they stopped polluting the river? ‘+ We stopped to take a photograph of the scenery. See Grammar database 37 on page 183 for more information. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets inthe cortec form. 1 We can't afford not environment. 2. Canwe manage — 3. Wecould suggest — hunting inthis area, (protect) our Gave) just some species? (introduce) a ban on 4, Um really looking forward to isit) the nature reserve, 5 Parents should let their children (take part) in demonstrations about the environment. B choose the correct form. 1 Did you remember to get / getting the seeds | wanted? | don't remember to read / reading about the greenhouse effect. We should try to stop / stopping people from damaging the environment. Uiinever forget to see / seeing the rainforests for the first tim. Oh! meant to call / calling Ralph to talk to him about our trp tothe zo. For many companies the new law will mean to produce / producing less pollution d better Does this sentence refer to the past or the present? 'd rather you didn't do that prefer expressing preferences ‘© Iprefer dogs to /rather than cats. '* I prefer playing with dogs rather than cats. ‘© would prefer to have a dog rather than a cat. would rather Clexpressing preferences + Iwould rather have a cog than a cat. + [would rather you didn't drop liter outside my house. had better Claiving advice © You had better tell the council about the leak. See Grammar database 18 on page 284 for more information. js litter. (d= had) “2 He'd better pick up his re 1 Het rather spend time inthe cOUnIYS (a= would) Make questions using these prompts. 1 3 you / rather visita farm / a z00? you / prefer / go fishing / bitd-watching? what / you think / we / better / do about liter in our town/city? you / rather / work outdoors / indoors?Use of English fea the tex in Exercise eas B, ignoring the gaps, lana the follonne questions: Read the text below Use the word given in bw ed capitals at the end of some ofthe ines to fs Matisone result form a word that its in the gap inthe same increasing wo tne. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, temperature? 2. Why isthe sea evel tsingin some parts of the world? . IT’S GETTING HOTTER! 3) Whatis one explanation forthe increase in Gee) temperature? There seems to be litle doubt that a) __warmingisareal GLOBE phenomenon. Temperatures are rising in many places (2), WORLD How should you do and (3) farmland is being ost assea levels rise ducto VALUE, Use of English Part 3? ‘melting of the polar ice. This could cause major problems for ‘a Negativeformsare | mankind inthe future. (.) disagree, though, about whether SCIENCE never tested inthis | this (6) __ changes being caused by human actions ornot. ENVIRONMENT partoftheexam, | Some believe thatthe climate has always changed like this So ‘and ithas (6) __ causes, while others think what is happening NATURE eeu is unique. One explanation isthe greenhouse effect. This is. ourself whethera | where (7) inthe atmosphere traps the sun's ays, Ikea giant POLLUTE negative form is greenhouse. While nobody claims that releasing chemicals into needed or not the atmosphere can be (8) ,not everyone is convinced that HARM Read the whole text to check. all the temperature change is due to (9) activity. i's an INDUSTRY important question, because a (10) __ can only be found once we SOLVE understand exactly what is causing the problem. ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 1. They are building a new road through the Downs. is 5 Please try not to waste water. avoid ‘Anew road. through the Downs. Please try water. 2 hope we manage to persuade the government to 11d prefer you not to walk on my lawn, ban hunting. succeed hope we the government to ban hunting. td_____walk on my lawn, 7 Eventually, there'll be no fossil fuels left. out 3. Iheard that the dodo became extinct because it Pea Eventual we fos fuels heard that the dodo. because it couldn't © 8 We-should create less rubbish. stop ty Weneed much ubbish They sould eecus tbe plc in 4 * Fomorow’s meeting. discussed sow should youd Use of Ents Part? ‘The pollution problem in tomorrow's Instead of writing ‘do not write ‘don"t meting Tesagetts only one word b_ Remember that contractions count as two words, except can’t’, which counts as one.ing: article @&> Stagring,point— + What ae the peo Wat eth pelea the photozaph + How effective do tive do you think action lke this is? Look at thi Lanka x question snd irticle. What are the three main. ae writer makes? ne DOING YOUR BIT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT! ie alt Yow wna Hoe prdplen is. HOPE) warnings getting worse ama we tee Me oy a small mountain ot rudbish G17) "Rony. If coun seevs lke there's so selution, really wele the ‘envivonment. Fare Sew single chawges Fe You" We can ¥ ex and glass ave First of all, ask yoursel® iF you wecycle everything you coma fa Seay, but what atpout Mastic er 1 Sr End out Prom yous local Ceunell how YOu ee cycle more oF the Hings YOu USE every Aay. ink pou hows vac wanker you use: pew swyle steps could save Yo" ct the ew ment. For exawele, os Secondly, wmoney ana hele protes es ov schemes im YOu" areal That could don’ has J ta your council ke demand Hoe Finally, what i you aon have aay fav ye your chance tos gt there! We cam all Ae our wit, rors saving water to recycling, Nom ing protests. IB everybody Aees “vile, then perhaes regetner 2 a aigfevence! So, don't just wing letters Fe, we canveally ma B vndertne wh ere the writer does the following things. Om lat other phrases could beusedto + satheredere tesonte nae tein ari : 's a phrase to introduce the point of each pare 7 mmenececeireneean gives specific advice to the reader Pesan © complete the third paragraph in an appropriate way. Look backat the text ses contractions to give sive the article an informal style ‘on pages 70-71 for ideas.} Make notes to answer these questions. 1. Which ofthese effects might your school have on the local environment? + litter wasting water ‘+ wasting paper * anyother problems © noise 2. What solutions can you think of for each of these problems? 3. What part of your article will these problems be discussed in? "© introduction + main body © conclusion Rlapshead Geico a Your school magazine has invited you to suggest ways in which your school could be more environmentally friendly. ‘Write an article for the magazine, giving your suggestions. How should you write an article? Never ask your reader questions because they aren’t there to answer them. b Ask your reader rhetorical questions to involve them in the subject of the article See Witing database on page information. bareactiel Make a paragraph plan. Decide what information ‘you will include in each paragraph. 5} Write your article in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. Ciemeeees een nied Read the task in Exercise A and decide whether the following statements are true or false. point you make. asked your readers a rhetorical question 4, Isa good idea to give an article like this att. 1 Your article will appear in an international magazine raga ‘ Oo for scientist. used appropriate phrases to introduce each 2. You should make your article as formal as possible paragraph Gg 3. You should use a new paragraph for each main used an appropriate style o 5 Oo made suggestions a1(1) choose the correct word to fil the gap in each sentence. 2 Ive lived ina city ll my life, so I've never experienced life in a/an environment. Aurban = Brural Cglobal Dlocal 2 Ithink there's a Alack Inthe pipe; maybe we should calla plumber. Block Clake Dieak 3, Dana drinks a lot of. Afrozen ——Bfresh drinks ike lemonade and orangeade. Cfazy Dftat 14 They need to put more — Apaper Bitter bins in the town centre. Cwaste Dsewerage clothes 5. Mydad wears a sult to work, but he changes into ‘when he gets home, ‘informal B casual Crelaxed —-Dcalm 6 There wasa terrible oil__ when the tanker hit the rocks ina storm. Aslick Bdrop C pool Dspread 7. I bought a cool fishing __ yesterday! Apole Brod C stick Dbar 8 We're going ona to protest about the closure of the park. Aproduction 6 presentation C construction D demonstration Ez ©) Write a word from the boxin each gap to complete the sentences. catch «clear + come + die «Bick» go «run «tke a. We've nearly ut of milk. Could you go and get some for me? 2. Pandas are likely to___ out if we don't do something to protect them soon. 3. lusually __through all the magazines while 'm waiting to ‘see the dentist. 4, Richie really wants to Lup snowboarding, so we're going to get hima board for his birthday. 5 Putthe fruit inthe fidge or i'l off, 6 Ifyou round here at about half past six, we can watch that video before we go out. 7 Willyou help me _____upall this mess? 8 When Monopoly first ame out, nobody thought it would _. ons quickly. zz 0) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 had thought the film would be better. 3s The film ‘thought it would be. thad 2. They don't let children under three go on this ride, not Children under three goonthis ride. 3, Getting a professional to cut down those trees would be a good idea. better a nal to cut down those trees. 4 Why didn't you ask Helen to help you? should 5, I prefer you not to smoke in here. rather i here, __smoke in 6 Thisis the fastest rollercoaster in the world! goes No other one. this 7, We don't want to damage the environment. avoid We want ‘environment. sosmsthe,8 Whyare you always criticising me? © Complete each sentence using a form of the word in go ‘brackets. Why are you always me? 4 Although (ATTEND) at the school ‘concert wasn't compulsory, every single student People dont recycle enough rubbish inthis country Sued sp. mel ng eitite my <4 We showed our __ (APPRECIATE) by each, eas sending her some flowers. “I don’t know how anyone can get any marks = (ENJO¥) from Fishing! ‘4. Selentists used to think this chemical was ‘dangerous, but now they know it's completely (rite one word in each gap to complete the anny. sentences, a 5” My patents give me a monthly __ 1 us You tink amane Copii: sr Di (ALLOW), which use to buy clothes and CDs. planet (ADDICT. +6 Some drugs are highly __ 2 How did Caroline react __ the news? ecabealad 3. lfwe don’t take care ourlocal environment, who. 6 mais will? 4 Iedepends — the wether whether we goto the (3) Excho the words bold sin the wrong sentence, water park or not. se tect word on the line given. 5. think we've succeeded —— persuading people that atthe end of most plays, the sightseers comes onto ‘slobal warming isa real phenomenon. the stage to bow. 6 Are you accusing me ___ lying? ahs 7 |don't know why you refer... environmental 2." Hundreds of spectators rang in to complain about ‘campaigners as ‘crazy greens"! the TV programme. 8 Why don't you report your noisy neighbours. the’ <> local authorities? '3) Everyone in the lifeguard started screaming when Jennifer Lopez came onstage. ins a eae ‘The tennis player found it hard to concentrate (©) Match to make There Is one ‘youd x ‘because one of the audience was coughing loudly. metied ee “5. work as acast at the local swimming pool during 1 bottle a te the summer. 2 global. ‘b reserve a 3° entrance _ cc effect '6. Thousands of viewers visit the Acropolis every year. 4 fossil__ 4 bank eT 5 nature especies: Simats 6 greenhouse f fuel cajupee 5 warming Ta ae 8384 Reading @® Svagtigg,point— Do you have a games console? What do you think of the price of video and computer games? G) Look at the article and match these people to ther roles. IAN KELLY ‘2 amember of an organisation VIVIAN PARRIS concemed about shoppers’ rights GORDON MOORE > aperson who creates new video WATT ROERIG ‘and computer games IADEMITCHELL © teenager who plays video and ‘computer games d_ ajournalist looking into the problem of expensive video and computer games fe acomputer engineer who made ‘an important discovery You are going to read an article about electronic ‘games. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. A. We look ata few recent titles and compare the prices. 8 On arrival, | was led into the testing room. That sounds good in theory, but does it work? D The games, though, don't seem to be as popular~ or as much fun~as they used to be. E There's also no doubtehat adolescents, who ‘make up the majority of the game-buying public, want these games and are prepared to save to get them. F That should mean that faster and more Powerful computers become easier and ‘cheaper to make. G I decided to hit the streets and speak to the people who matter: the buyers. H_ They spoke to many different people involved in the area. ‘Walk into any high street electrical store and the range of products available is dazzling. From MP3 pliyers to DVDs, from hand-held ‘computers to home cinemas, today's consumer is conffonted by displays ofthe latest gadgets everywhere they turn, Recently, though, people have begun to ‘wonder whether they are actually getting value for money when they splash out on the next piece of electronic wizardry. The ‘dea is that competition in the market forces prices down and we all benefit from cheaper and better goods. 1 “To find ou, 1 decided to do some research, I spoke to Vivian Parris of the consumer group Buywutch about one area of concern video games. Buywuich carried out an extensive survey over the lst six months into popular games consoles and the games that The results might shock anyone without any previous ‘experience of this sector of the market. run on them, 2 "Basically, teenagers and other game players are being ripped off says Vivian. The prices ‘of the consoles themselves are coming down, but the games are becoming more and more expensive, and there doesn't seem to be any {G Find words or phrases in the text which have a similar meaning to these words and phrases. buyer, shopper (paragraph 1) spend a large amount of money (paragraph 2) cheated (paragraph 4) ‘moving slowly (paragraph 5) room where scientists conduct experiments (paragraph 5) asked difficult questions (paragraph 6) pictures created by a computer (paragraph 6) pocket money (paragraph 6) saving money up (paragraph 7) 10 expensive (paragraph 8)PLAYSTATIONS clear reason for it’Vivian explains that in computing there is something called Moore’ hw. Gordon Moore ‘was a computer engineer in the 60s and 70s and he noticed that computer chips double in power roughly every eighteen months. 3 Over the lst ciety yeas of the computer industry that has happened, and a shopper today can afford technology undreamt of even ten years ago. Yet the prices of games keep creeping, or sometimes leaping, up. To find out why that might be, I visited Softp! the games software manufacturer responsible fr such hits as Unknow Lands and Earthstlker, 4 Matt Koenig, chief games developer, exphiined to me that they calli the laboratory. It isa large room of people playing high scores to each other actos: pizza ames, shouting their boxes and drinks cans. The whole thing couldn't be further fom the usual image of scientists in white coats "This is where i ll happens? comments Matt.‘One of the reasons for our succes is that we are al just ordinary gamers at heart We moved into Matt office where I ailled him about the prices of games."Look; he sid.'A huge amount of research and development g0es imo today’s games. You can't ust create a character and expect people to be happy collecting keys or whatever. You have to give chem stunning graphics, stereo surround sound, the whole works. And that costs’ I'm not completely convinced 5 “To be honest, we don't set the prices. That’ up to the individual shop at the end of the day All these games are very popular, and if you want something badly enough, you'll save up your allowance and go out and buy it. Its as simple as thae? Obviously I wasn't going to get far here. 6 Ata large game store in central London, Iran into a group of teenagers, busy admiring the latest releases. ‘Sometimes you can find a bargain, says Jade Mitchell, 14."Mosty, though, it means putting money by each week until you can afford the one you want. Either that or start hasling it! The others laugh. The console is nothing, and everyone’ got o “That's the trick. They get you playing, and then charge you a fortune for the games? So what have I learned from my brief trip into the world of video and computer games? First ofall, nobody even tries to deny that games are probably the most costly bits of plastic in the shops. 7 What left me feeling uneasy was the fact that these products have huge advertising budgets, spent on persuading young people how badly they need them, and that money bas to come ultimately from teenager, or often their parents 85Listening © ‘You will hear people taking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, 8 or C). 1 Youhear this conversation at 4 You eaia man talking in a the cinema, Which film do the ‘cornputer'shop. What does. couple decide to see? ‘he want to buy? ‘A Long Goodbyes ‘A printer 8 Starburst B_ amonitor: C Floating Voters C amouse 2. Youhear part ofa 5 Youhear a guide speaking in documentary on the radio. ‘8200, What does she say What is the speaker's job? about this animal? A scientist AA Itisunigue, B journalist 8 itis rare, © farmer ttis dangerous. 3 Youhearawomantaikingto 6 Youheara mali talking to a 2 friend on the phone. What ‘customer What does he. does she want her friend to refuse'te do? do? ‘A take'the item back ‘A invite someone toa party tetum the customer's money B putsomeone up forthenight Coffer a discount give someone agit from her PhD Ferenc You will hear five people talking about their hobbies. For questions 15, choose from the list (AF) what each speaker says. Use the: letters only once. There is one extra letter which youdo not need to. A [find it relaxing. Speaker’ 2 8 My collection is valuable, Speaker 2 2 Fm osing interest in my hobby. Speaker's 3 ‘D_ My hobby has taught me a lot. ‘Speaker 4 4 E I don't have enough time for my Speaker's. 5 hobby. F This hobby is new to me. oe> You hear an announcement on a plane. Whatis the problem? ‘The airport is closed. There is bad weather ahead. ‘The plane will arrive ate. ‘You hear a gil talking about ‘a computer game. What does ‘she dislike about it? the music the characters the graphics:Speaking xe Parts Asner the folowing questions about yoursel fave you always ved in this town? Have you travelled much? Have you ever been abroad? Where gid you spend your ast holiday? Do youthave any plans fr your nex holiday? arta {G) Read the examiners instructions and do the task. Candidate A, here are two photographs of different places. I ike you to compare them and. ‘say which place you would prefer to spend a week's, holiday in, You only have one minute for this. Which place would you prefer to spend a week's holiday in? Candidate B, here are two photographs of different means of transport. like you to ‘compare them and say how you feel about travelling in these ways. You only have one ‘minute for this. How do you feel about travelling in these ways? Candidate A, which means of transport would you prefer to travel on? Part 3 1G Read the examiner's instructions and do the task. ‘* What would each activity be like? * Choose three activities to do on your holiday. Part 4 © Ask and answer te folowing questions. Do you thnkit’ important for people to have holidays? What can people learn rom travelling abroad? Do you tink holidays and travel wil change over the next 5 years?Use of English Read the text below and decide which answer (A, 8, Cor D) best fits each gap. LOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a remarkable (3) __.. Using a simple receiver, itis now possible to know yur exact location on Earth at the press of a button, possibly making the simple map and compass (2) The (3) of GPS was developed by the US military and the system was set () by them. Its based on a network of 24 satelite in orbit around the Earth. Using radio signals, the hand-held receiver calculates the (5) tothe satelites ands then able to figure (6) where the user isto (7) -_a few metres. ‘There are (8) __ practical applications of this system. For example, itwas used during (6) __ of the Channel Tunnel, connecting England to France, to (20) .__ sure that the two ends of the tunnel metin the middle. Car companies are currently (13) __ ways of including GPS equipment in every car, so (12) __ whether to turn Fight or left at the next junction could soon bea thing of the past. 1 Aappliance Bdiscovery —Csolution _—_D invention 2 Atraditional Beclassic Cobsolete Dold 3 Aconcept —_Bideal Cimage D thought, 4 off Bup Cin Dover 5 Alength line Cdistance —Dsize 6 Aff Bup Con Dout 7 Awithin Bamong between D around 8 Auncountable Bnumerous Cmassive grand 9 Ainstallation Beonstruction Cshaping __D manufacture 30 Ado Bhave Cmake Dtake 11 Aresearching Bexperimenting Cestimating D pre 42 Adeclaring — Bdoubting Cknowing-—_D wondering PR CL re ee ee) Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. DINOSAUR EXTINCTION After ruling the Earth (a) 200 million years, the dinosaurs suddenly (2) __extinct around sixty- five million years ago. Sciéhtists disagree about the precise reasons why they died (3) ____, but they agree that (4) ‘was probably the result of a dramatic change in the Earth's climate. There are two main answers (6) the question of what caused the change. A huge volcanic explosion hes © suggested as one possible cause, while another popular theory claims that the change a be explained as the result ofa large meteorite crashing into the Earth. However the explosion ‘came (8) _______, both theories agree that disaster spread over the planet. Large amounts of dustin the ‘atmosphere blocked the sun's heat and temperatures dropped. It @) estimated that around twenty: five per cent of plant life on the Earth was destroyed by fire. With the conditions they 0) used to disappearing, the dinosaurs could (a1) survive. Only smaller animals, such as birds and mammals, could adapt (42) the new situation.Writing: email C® Look atthe askin Exercise 8 and answer these questions. 1 Should your email be formal or informal? 3. How should you start and end your email? 2 Who are you writing to? 4 What information do you want? You and your family are considering going on a cruise around the Mediterranean. You have seen the advertisement below and would like more information, Read the advertisement and the notes which you have made below carefully Then write your email to the travel agent, covering the points in your notes and adding any relevant information about your family. rt ,H i it this summer Enjoy a relaxing cruise around the pee ageeeea restaong the = bg 9 shipstokeyavona Slop chew ETT Norte Arcs, [which resorts? ‘organised Let our fast, modern: id of Southern ree shop til you drop, OF | cctivities - What — cvage of discovery in a Wor you can shoP ct ew where nd watch the rites? ary yodiye ond un yOUnEIETENEMMEN TE Sony ver aco : : world go DY = Sire ran eras whletse®. WEST vireo : toy orermeangroas te, ungyoulnow \ ‘ond a whole wed vay \ igames rooms: ein Sigorised aces formar information bouton YON, Write your email in 120-150 words. You must use rea enone simmatialyendemmos itso! ae Punctuation ina style appropriate forthe situation. aaa m ‘iam Fado, Seabees ven you have writen your email, make sure that you hay Faldo Teve able fo eer eee i OT eye TD} ondon E12 480 J used paragra used formal language, including indirect questions asked for al the information you need started and finished your email in an appropriate way price? discounts or groups? 0000Word,power ‘stamina «teamwork + sense of balance | agility + coordination J Stenting point— + Choose one ofthe sports in the photographs and explain what skillsyou need todo it well G Read the article quickly to find the answers to these questions. 1 When were the fist Extreme Games orX Games held? 2. Which extreme sportis also an Olympic event? 3) What are the two main forms of Bmx? 4 When did the fst aN magazine come out? 5 When were roller skates invented? You are going to read a magazine article about sports. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A. This form of the sport is based on skateboarding competitions. B. Athletes would show off their skills for the people watching to copy. C_Anumber of people have objected to these dangerous sports, highlighting the risk of accident. D Several ofthe sports that fal into this category have also been known as ‘outlaw sports’ because they were banned in many areas for being too dangerous. E This design was easier to control and led to an increase in Popularity for the sport. F Thisis partly because they are often considered to be different from older, established sports. 6 Fans of motocross, but too young to ride motorbikes, they named their sport ‘pedal cross’. H. For example, BMX racing and mountain biking are both based on cycling, ing Part 2? How should you do Reading Par tofiteach gap, because you don’t have much time. 1 check \When you have chosen a sentence att ote et tsk 2 pormmediatiy othe et 2 ee ea the nl ex with te senencesrelaed it makes sense. Find forms of these words in the text. Match them to the correct, definitions, freestyle @ asport or activity using boots with wheels roller skating bone sport that forms part ofa sporting competition recreational ——_¢_asloping surface used for jumping off event d_ addangerous move in certain extreme sports stunt done for amusement or enjoyment ramp F (ofa sport) using any methodGoimotorextiemes! iene re ‘Whether its a jaw-dropping move ona skateboard or the. raw speed of BMX, theres no doubt that extreme sports have taken off in abig way over the last twenty-five years. Some need snow, some ned wheels, but they all share an clement of danger, usually combined with acrobatic stunts. ESPN, the American TV sports Retwork, organised the first Extreme Games (now the X Games) in}995 and coined the ‘phrase‘extreme sports. 1 However, some older, ‘mote traditional sports, suchas freestyle sing, skydiving, surfing and waterskiing, are also sometimes considered extreme sports Extreme sports have also been characterized as‘alternative sports. 2 ‘Also, many ofthe athletes have adopted alternative fashions and have seen themselves as outside the sual sporting world. Many extreme sports are in fact new versions of older sports, often made possible by technological changes or Improvements in equipment. 3 Trine skating is a form of roller skating. For the most part, eftreme sports originated as recreational activities for individuals, but often ina group context. 4 ——_Asthey have become competitive, extreme sports have been at least partly absorbed into the ‘mainstream, although snowboarding is stil the only extreme sport to have become an Olympic event. (One of the most spectacular extreme sports is BMX. There: are two main forms, BMX racing, which takes place ona dirt ‘track of about 300 to 400 meters with a series of jumps, and freestyle BMX, Involving stunts and ticks. The sport has ‘come a long way since a group of kids fist started organising aces at Palms Par, Santa Monica, California, back in 1969. 5 They couldhthave known what they were starting. Races quickly got bigger and the sport became known a8 BMX, which stands for bicycle motocross. The first American national championship was held in 1974 and ‘the first magazine devoted tothe sport appeared inthe same year. t went from strength to strength throughout the eighties and nineties and today there are over 50 national ‘BMX organisations around the world. [Another popular extreme sports imine skating, with around 30 million skaters worldwide. Irtine skates are generally assumed to be very new and modem, but actually al, roller skates were in-line fram the first known par in 1716 until 1863. It was then that James Plimpton invented a skate with four wheels ina rectangular arrangement. 6 n 1966, the origina in-line skates returned, but it wasnt until 1980 that ‘two ice hockey-playing brothers, Scott and Brennan Olson of Minneapolis realized that in-line skates could be used for ‘raining and practice when there was noice. They started to make their own skates, selling them to friends, and eventually setup their own company, Rollerblade, to market them. They were so successful that inline skates ae often known simply as Rollerblades ‘Asa competitive sport, in-line skating is actualy several sports. There are in-line versions of the traditional roller skating events: speed skating, artistic (figure) skating, and roller hockey. However, the best-known and mest popular of the competitive sports is aggressive i-ine skating also known as ‘agers. 7 ——_Thereare two events, street and vert (short for vertical). In street competition, skaters perform ticks hile jumping over boxes, amps, and rails, while in vert they do a 60-second routine of tricks and stunts in ahalf-pipe, like that used in skateboarding and snowboarding It seems certain that extreme sports wil continue to grow in popularity and bring even more heart-stopping action to more people. So, what are you waiting for? Go to extremes! Find these words and phrases in the text and underline them. Can you work out what they mean from the context? taken off » coined « versions + originated stands for «devoted to - went from strength to strength _Haye,youn.sey! Have you ever tried any extreme sports?Grammar 1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 Pethaps Len has forgotten about Look at the following sentence and choose the correct, meaning. basketball practice. have “lan must be playing football,’ said Maria, Len about basketball practic. @ Maria thinks that lan has no choice about playing 2 imagine it was depressing to lose by six football goals. been b_ Mariais almost certain that lanis playing football, You after losing by six goals. 3. | don't believe that Oliver beat Simon at ‘These modal verbs can be used to express an opinion about squash! beaten ‘whet re ani Oliver Simon at squash! Fleer tetanic cece: 4 Perhaps Carol didn’t know that the match hhad been rearranged, may carol that the match had been arranged 5. suppose Tim was unhappy when his BX bike was stolen, happy Tim When his BMX bike was ‘© ‘That can't be Ruth at the door. She's playing tennis. ‘© Basketball must be the number one sport inthis: country. You must have been very pleased when you won the ‘match.’ ‘* ‘Richard can't /couldn't have been very happy when you beat him.’ Coprobably true or not tue. © ‘Tom ought to /should be arriving back from the game any minute nom possibly true or not rue, © ‘This could /might /may be the greatest final ever!" © ‘Dad could might /may have been delayed at the tennis club." Use the words in brackets in the correct ‘See Grammar database 19 on page 184 for more form to complete this dialogue. TRE Kelly: Well done, Fran. You've improved! You EY Find an example of a modal being used to express an almost lest blecti=): Cartain optninatn the Cecton pate pe Unde Fran: Well | think you (eight / ted) sentence. me wine Kelly: Maybe next time! But honestly, you were realy good. You (ean't mis) Use the prompts and your mote than afew shots tagination to answer the Fran: It was a lot of fun. You (must / questions about the Photograph. be) exhausted, though. That's your second ‘match today, isn't it? 1 Where was tis photograph Kelly: Yes. | (must / be) mad! ve taken? (might) got another match tomorrow, as wel. 'm 2 How do you think the playing Wendy. She (can't/ be) people are feeling? (must) 3. What were the people ding before the photo was taken? (may) 4 Who do you think these people are? (could) es very good because | heard that Amy beat her last week. Fran: She (cant / do)! Amy is a complete beginner! Kelly: Yes, know. Look! There's Wendy's car 3 She (must / play) at the moment. Let's see if we can find her. Fran: Okay.Vocabulary People in sport Match the fllowing words tothe correct definitions. 1 referee the person or team who most people 2 coach think wil win 3 opponent Da person who has wona major 4 favourite competition 5 runnerup © S0™meone who controls a tennis match 6 champion ‘the person who comes second 7 competitor © the person you are playing against 8 umpire £ the person who is winning a race 9) leader Someone who controls a football match fh someone who trains athletes ‘someone who takes partin a sporting competition Phrasal verbs: sport @ compete these sentences using the phrasal verbs to do with spotin the correc form, with the leader. such a difficult 1 The other runners gradually 2 Thisis the fist time this team challenge. 3 The final weather. until next weekend because of the 4 Johnand Mark started playing football and all the other children soon : 5. Ifyou want to win a marathon, it's important never to but to believe that you can keep going. 6 Everyone was shocked when the leader with only two Laps to go. of the race Word formation Complete each sentence using a form of the word in brackets, 1 This willreally damage our chances of winning the championship ose) 2 Imreally quite losing. (COMPETE) 3. Weneed a great from everyone if we're going to win this match. (PERFORM) 4. Regular training helps to build and muscles. (STRONG) 5 Both our key players are out of action at the ‘moment with serious ciniure) 6 The important thin in any sport isto get your right. (PREPARE) mes) and |can't stand BD) at other words can be formed using these words? Make a note of as many as you can, Don't forget to include any negative forms. Collocations: sport B Complete these phrases using go, play or do. 1 skateboarding 5 ___.wind-surfing 2 __karate 6 skiing 3 horse-riding 7 ___.water polo 4 squash 8 the long jump Match each sprtto the place where itis played. 1 football 2. basketball hockey Sia a tink 4 volleyPal b court 5 cticket O uce 6 golf itch 7. skating ou 8 boxing . 9 tennis 10 wrestlingWord,power—* {gender sexism - (unfair «physical strength _ Starting, point ‘© Isitunusual to see women taking part in certain sports? © Dowomen get the same sporting opportunities as men in your country? 9 ustento these three extracts and match each ‘speaker to one of the pictures below. Gd G) Peed statements AF in Exercise D. For each statement, suggest what the speaker might be taking about. Example: AShe thinks someone made an unfair decision. "Perhaps she wos playing a sport professional suchas BB Usstento extracts from the other two speakers. tennis, and the umpire said a ball was out when she ‘Which sports do they mention? =) thought it was in." ree How should you do Listening Part 3? ‘You will hear five different women talking about sports. For questions 1-5, choose Tonthela(@O atuteahspeersaptseictcrengoneTeecion | © AEE oye eee ae fore AA She thinks someone made an unfair decision. Speaker 1 i ee) 8 She thought the sportwas easierthan it looked. speaker 2 You know what © She regrets not being in better shape. Speakers 3 expect D_ Sheisconsidering taking up a new activity, ly read any ker » Only E Sherecenytieda newsportforthefisttime, SPENT #4 statements youre F She realises that she was quite lucky. soe.) 5 given about the Speakers after stern 50 that Which of th tioned by the youdon't get ich of the sports mentioned by Tonfused -Haveyourn,say! ‘women can you doin your area? 94.@ “Stagting,point—” ‘+ How do you think the people in the photographs on this page feel? + Do you prefer to take part in sport or watch sport as a spectator? Choose true or false. in Part sof the FCE Speaking test, 1 both candidates are always asked the same questions. TIF 2 w= you have to talk fora minute to answer each question. TF 3. you will lose marks if your answers, are not true, TF 4 «you should give one-word answers, to save time. WF 5 your answers should be clear and relevant. T/F Listen to extracts from a candidate talking in Part 1 of the FCE Speaking test. As you listen, put the following questions the candidate was asked in the correct order. EE Do you follow any sports as a spectator? Do you play much sport? Have you ever tried any unusual sports? What are the sporting facilites like in your area? Now listen to the whole of Part 1 and check your answers. Which candidate do you think performs better, Michael or Sonia? Why? [Bd You are going to interview each other using the {questions in Exercise E. Before you do, make brief notes of your answers and the reasons for them. Siena ‘© Doyou come from a large family? What do you like doing in your free time? © Doyou play any sport? © Doyou prefer team or individual sports? ‘= Doyou follow any sports as a spectator? © What do you think of extreme sports? © What are the sporting facilites like in your a Walk into the interview room chewing gum, sit down and say Hi. Is it dificult? b- Walk into the interview room, smile, greet the examiners and sit down when invited, ready to begin the interview. See Speaking database on page 194 95.i H Reading 2 Gp Wenrd,powe: Starting, point: Youare going to read a text about problems faced by sportsmen and women. Read the text quickly and note down the main problem each person describes. Sandra McNaughton Benjamin Bailey Karen Rush Marcus Jordan Helen Tyler Luke Zafet the following things? athe future b success uncertainty d_ happiness e other people injury + pressure » privacy « stress « uncertainty ‘© What problems do successful sportsmen and women face? Gordon Clarkson ‘Angela ‘Tomado' Wilson {B) Look at the questions in Exercse C. Which ofthem refer to You are going to read a newspaper article about different sportsmen and women. For questions 1-15, choose from the people (A-H). The people may be chosen more than once. Which person was lied to by someone close? was affected by the weather? predicts that their performance will improve? was accused of wrongdoing? didn't know iftwo things would work together? will continue with their sport but ina different way? felt uncertain because of something they read? made a choice to stop something? had an accident? ‘was very excited by an announcement? was advised not to worry? missed an important sporting event? ‘was unsure that they would achieve victory? ‘met someone who changed them? felt pressure from journalists to do well? Eight sportsmen and women describe the greatest challenge they've faced this year. A sandra McNaughton - tennis player “was on such a high at the start of the year. Yd won the Ladies Open back in December, ‘and Dave Barbeck and | won ‘the Mixed Doubles in February, Everything seemed ‘to be going right. And then | Se) tripped during training and sprained my ankle. Suddenly 1 ‘my prospects for the rest of. the year seemed worse than ever. | didn’t get to compete at Wimbledon, of course, but | have now totally recovered, thank goodness.’ B benjamin Bailey — footballer “Things weren't so good in September, when the rumours started inthe press that | was to ; be dropped from the team. y don'tknow where they came $B for, and my coach and the EE wenager both reassured me they weren't true, butit’s a horrible feling thinking you might not be ‘wearing the club's strip for much longer. | had sleepless nights about it. 've learnt an Important lesson, though: never believe what you read in the papers.” C Karen Rush - boxer “The biggest challenge I've had to face this et) yest is staying focused. fell head over heels in love in ‘March, and all of a sudden A: % there was something in my 4 life apart from boxing. Training's extremely ding Part3? he sentences that alve you the Senomber ne re uesan mb ite epee our ans How should you do Re 2 undetnet coiren sot ae antences ndetrine thes esietine : Dont wast sane answersbecauselts that Me Yo each avery HER pornsingle-minded, so! had to work outif I'd have to sacrifice either my relationship ‘or my career, orf could have both. So far 've managed to keep both, but know it's not going to be easy’ D Marcus Jordan - rugby player ‘Te was a very weird year for me, knowing it was my last season playing professionally. [don't regret taking the decision to retire ~ you ‘can't go on forever ~ but with every game I felt justa live sadder. ‘The end was drawing near. P'm not going to completely disappear, though, as Pl be playing as an amateur for the Lincolnshire Warriors, club for older players’ E Helen Tyler longdstancerunne “The marathon in Lisbon. The media hhad built it up into such abig thing. and of course Iwas, desperate to win, but 1 just wasn't prepared for running in that kind of heat and I found it : realty dificult o keep up the pace. There were moments ‘when I thought I wouldn't make it. ‘Thankfully, just kept going, and it paid off. [cried when Iwas awarded the trophy.” Ateam's 2 3 4 Asports 5 Another word for ‘speed! is. 6 ifyouare 7 8 Ifyou suffer a F Gordon Clarkson ~ basketball player “Discovering that ‘the person I most ‘rusted ~ my business manager V had been \ stealing from me. 1 always just signed the contracts without reading them, and left the business side of things to him, Now I feel betrayed, and have lost one of my best friends, Tlbe a lot more careful in future, thats for sure! G Luke zafelti- sprinter ‘My whole world fell to pieces when they told me I'd failed a drugs test, wouldn't be able to compete in the European Championships and that my career was over. I felt anger, shock and resentment, but knew Dare sptacest tall {© Find words inthe texto complete these definitions. Your are your chances offuture success is the coloured clothes they play in. A professionals pad for performing, whereas /an is isan organisation that consists ofa team and other staff something, you are given it for your achievements. -. are written legal agreements. + you lose a sporting contest. Thad to stay strong to clear my name, When they finally admitted there'd been a mix-up with the blood samples and I was reinstated, just before the Championships, I was thrilled. T never want to go through anything like that again! H Angela ‘Tornado’ Wilson - snooker player “Last year | was World Snooker ‘Champion. This year, haven't won a single major championship. When you suffer one defet afer another, really fees your mood, making it ven more dificult to win the next time. I'm just beginning to learn how to not let flue affect me,so I can continue to py So watch this space. 'llbe back, and I'l be better than ever” Haye your say! ‘Would you like to be involved in sport professionally?