Unit One EOC Review

1. What is an organic molecule? Molecule that contains carbon and is important to life
2. Complete the chart for the following organic molecules:
Organic
Molecule

Subunit/Building
Block/Monomer

Function

Examples

Monosaccharide

Short term energy

Glucose, cellulose,
starch, glycogen

Lipids

Fatty acid

Long term energy, plasma

membrane structure, water
proof covering

Phospholipids, steroid

Proteins

Amino acid

Support, structure, storage,

transport

Enzyme, hemoglobin,
insulin

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide

Heredity, protein synthesis

DNA, RNA

Carbohydrates

3. Classify the following molecules into one of the four main macromolecules:
a. Starch ____C______
g. Hemoglobin__________P__________
b. Cellulose ____C__________________
h. Steroids_________L_____________
c. Insulin_______P_________________
i. Phospholipids____L_______________
d. Glycogen_____C_________________
j. Fats_________L________________
e. Glucose_____C__________________
k. DNA_________N________________
f. Enzymes_____P_________________
l. RNA___________N______________

m.
4. Label the following parts of the enzyme-substrate complex below.
n.
1. ___substrate_________
2. ________Enzyme__________
3. ______product________
4. ___active site________
o.
p.
5. What is the function of an enzyme? What is another name for an enzyme? Speed up chemical
reactions by lowering the activation energy, catalyst
q.
6. Are enzymes reusable? Why is that important? Yes, so we can use them over and over and we
dont have to start from scratch.
7. Why do we describe enzymes as a lock-and-key? Only one type of substrate will fit a specific
enzyme
8. What is a denatured enzyme? What factors can cause an enzyme to become denatured? Enzyme
that doesnt work anymore, change in temperature or pH
9. What is the active site of an enzyme? What is the substrate? Where it fits, what goes in
10. What can be the result of a missing or defective enzyme? The reaction will not occur
11. Do enzymes raise or lower the activation energy? lower
r.
12. Check which are examples or are related to these biological molecules:
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
s.
Insu

Gl

DNA

y.
S

z.
Sta

aa.
E

ab. C
a
r
b
o
h
y
d
r
a
t
e

ac.

ad.
X

ae.
X

af.

ag.

ah.

ai.
X

aj.

ak. L
i
p
i
d

al.

am.

an.

ao.

ap.

aq.
X

ar.

as.

at. P
r
o
t
e
i
n
bc. N
u
c
l
e
i
c

au.
X

av.

aw.

ax.

ay.
X

az.

ba.

bb.
X

bd.

be.

bf.

bg.
X

bh.

bi.

bj.

bk.

A
c
i
d

bl.
bm.

bn.
Glyc

bo.
RNA

bp.
ph

bq.
He

br.
Amino

bs.
Pr

bt.
D

bu.
C

bv.
Quic

bw.
Ca

bx.
X

by.

bz.

ca.
X

cb.

cc.

cd.

ce.

cf.
X

cg.
Li

ch.

ci.

cj.
X

ck.

cl.

cm.

cn.

co.
X

cp.

cq.
Pr

cr.

cs.

ct.

cu.

cv.
X

cw.

cx.
X

cy.

cz.

da.
N

db.

dc.
X

dd.

de.

df.

dg.
X

dh.

di.

dj.

a. Carbohydrates
1. What is the function of glucose?______simple sugar, energy_________________
2. What is the function of cellulose and where is it found?__structure, cell wall of plants
3. What is glycogen?___energy source in animals___________________________
b. Proteins
1. What is the function of insulin?_____regulates blood sugar________________

2. What is the function of enzymes?____speed up reactions____________

3. What is the function of hemoglobin and where is it found _carries oxygen in blood_
c. Lipids
1. What is the function of phospholipids/where are they found?_ structure in plasma membrane
2. Why are steroids important to our bodies? _provide communication in our body___
d. Nucleic Acids
1. What is the function/purpose of DNA?___genetic material________
2. What is the function/purpose of RNA?_____help to make proteins_________
dk. 13. Explain how/why enzymes are specific. Will the enzymes that break down a
cracker break down meat? They are specific and because they only fit one reaction and
dl.

no it would not work on meat.

dm.

14. Please use this word bank to answer the next questions:
all, lower, pH, re-usable, speed up,
temperature, catalysts, specific
dn.
a. Enzymes are proteins that ___speed up___ chemical reactions. Because of
this, enzymes are called ____catalyst_______.
do.
b. Enzymes __lower_____ the activation energy of a reaction.
dp.
c. Enzymes are ___specific____ and ____reusable______.
dq.
d. Enzymes are affected by factors such as __temperture__
and_____pH_________.
dr.
e. Enzymes are necessary for ___all ___ biochemical reactions!