TEACHING WRITING ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION BY USING GROUP

INVESTIGATION METHOD
1. Introduction
Writing is one of the important
skills

necessary

to

teach.

It

(2012:14) Writing is not simply an

instant product, but it is also a

is

process. As a product, a piece of

important in language teaching and

writing, as Costas (2002:5) points out,

learning. There are many reasons why

should contain the following good

writing is necessary to teach. First,

writing

helps

the

students

to

reinforce the grammatical structures,

second,

writing

helps

the

According

appropriate rules.
To teach

is

usually

to

of

according

to

cooperative

learning

(Zingaro,

is more than having students work in

it is important to note that writing is a

Meanwhile,

of

2008, p.1). Cooperative learning (CL)

speakers and new learners of English,

product

methods

Group investigation is one the forms

develop this skill. For both native

certain

teacher

that interesting is group investigation.

easy and it takes study and practice to

not

uses

English,

teaching English. One of the methods

Oshima&Hogue (1999) Writing is not

process,

American

able to understand how to write in

important in teaching second language.

However, writing is not easy to
mastered.

and

the process writing students must be

effort in expressing ideas (Raimes,

be

British

consistent

range, of vocabulary. Therefore in

writing helps the students to make the

writing

(eg

and

and appropriate use, as well as a good

apply what they have learnt; and third,

Therefore,

correct

language

use of grammar and syntax, accurate

with the language because students

p.3).

aspects:

the

spellings), accurate and appropriate

students to have a chance to be brave

1983,

regarding

spelling

and vocabulary that the teachers have

taught;

elements

groups: it is a fundamental shift from

(p.3).

teacher as information provider and

Bram

sole source of truth, to teacher as

1

facilitator(Tan et al, 2006; cited in

learning. In using group investigation

Zingaro, 2008, p.1)group investigation

the students is divided into some

is learning strategy that involves task

groups. In addition, group investigation

specialization (Slavin,1995; cited in

consists of information, arrangement,

Simsek

analysis, planning and integrate the

et

al,

Sharan&Sharan,

2013,

p.5).

(1992)

While

cited

in

data with students in other groups.

In this study only focus on one

Simsek at al, (2013) stated that:

In this method, the class is

type of genre used to teach writing is

divided into several groups that

analytical exposition text. According

study in a different phase of a

to Gerot&Wignel (1994) Analytical

general

Group

Exposition is to persuade the reader

Expanding

or listener that something is the

issue.

investigation:

cooperative learning. Working in

case.

small

groups,

persuades the readers something is

students investigate a specific

the case.(p. 197)

There are several studies that

cooperative

topic. The study issue is then

investigation

among the members of the

text

method

improved

students writing ability in analytical

groups. Students pair up the

exposition text. One of them is a

arrangement,

study by Nisfah, Faculty of English

analysis, planning and integrate

Education

the data with the students in

and

Department,

Muria

Kudus University 2009. She made

other groups. The information

thesis about The Ability of Writing

collected is then compiled into a

whole and presented to the
entire class. (p.5)
Therefore group investigation is
one of the

exposition

are relevant with the use of group

divided into working sections

information,

Analytical

Recount

Text

of

Students

of

SMA

Kudus

forms in cooperative

in

the

the

11th Grade

Muhammadiyah

Academic

Year

2008/2009 Taught by Using Group

Investigation Method. The result of

classroom. According to Brown

this study indicated that using group

(2003), there are four categories

investigation

classroom writing performance:

method

improved

students skill in writing analytical

exposition

text.

This

study

a. Imitative writing
Learners will simply write down

had

suggested that method can rise up the

English

students comprehension in writing.

Based on the statement above

possibly sentences in order to

letter,

words

and

learn the conventions of the

this study will focus on Teaching

orthographic code.
b. Intensive, or controlled writing
This intensive writing typically

Writing Analytical Exposition Text by

Using Group Investigation Method
2. Review of Related Literature

appears in controlled, written

Writing as one of the four skills

of listening, speaking, reading,

grammar

exercises.

learners

should

The
produce

appropriate vocabulary within a

writing has always formed part of

context, collections and idiom,

the syllabus in English teaching.

and

According to Harmer (2007) writing

correct

grammatical

features.
c. Responsive writing
Learners should perform at a

is used as practice tool to help

students practice and work with
language they have been studying.

limited

(p.112) the students who have

connecting

mastered those four languages either

paragraph

are recognition level or production

logically connected sequence of

level. Hopefully they can speak

discourse

level,

sentence
and

creating

into
a

two or three paragraph.

d. Extensive writing
It
implies
successful

English fluently and write it well.

Meanwhile, In order to be

management of all the process

better writers, the learners have to

and strategies of writing, such

perform their writing in the

as paper or thesis.
3

Group investigation is one of

In this method, the class is

cooperative learning method which

divided

focused on students participation

that study in a different phase

and activity. Cooperative learning

of a general issue. The study

(CL) is more than having students

issue

work in groups: it is a fundamental

working sections among the

shift from teacher as information

members

provider and sole source of truth,

Students

to teacher as facilitator.(Tan et al,

information,

2006; cited in Zingaro, 2008,

analysis, planning and integrate

p.1).The teacher who use this

the data with the students in

method firstly he/she divides the

other groups. In this process,

class into small groups. This group

the

consists of four to five and may

leader of the class and ensure

form around friendships or around

that students comprehend the

an interest in a particular topic.

explanations

Students select topics for study,

into

is

several

then

divided

of

the

pair

teacher

groups

into

groups.
up

the

arrangement,

must

be

the

(Knight

&Bohlmeyer, 1990). (p. 2)

Therefore
using
group

then every group decides what

investigation the students is divided

subtopics are to be investigated as

into several groups. In addition, group

well as the goals of their study, and

investigation consists of information,

then prepare and present a report

arrangement, analysis, planning and

in front of class. (Isjoni, 2009;

integrate the data with students in

cited in Mayasari, 2012, p. 112)

other groups.

The Group Investigation (GI)

method was developed by Sharan

In English, there text types

and Sharan in 1989 cited n

which are taught. Each text an

Akcay&Doymus:

analytical exposition is a type of

spoken or written text that is
4

intended to persuade the listeners or

researcher gave the test in the first

readers that something is the case.

meeting to find out the student

(Gerot&Wignel, 1994, p, 197) It also

initial writing ability. After that, the

collaborate that writers idea about

researcher will give treatment using

the phenomenon surrounding. The

group investigation method. Next day

purpose of an analytical exposition

she will conduct a posttest. And then,

text is to persuade the readers or

compare the result of pre-test and

listener by presenting one side of an

post-test to know the effect of

argument. To make the persuasion

group investigation method in writing

stronger, the speaker or writer gives

analytical exposition text.

some arguments as the fundamental

This study was conducted in a

reasons why something is the case.

senior high school in Garut,

This type of text can be found in

Indonesia, where the population of

scientific books, journals, magazines,

this study is the 2nd year enrolled in

newspaper articles, academic speech

2016/2017 academic year. The totals

or lectures, research report etc.

of population are 250 students

Analytical expositions are popular

divided into 9 classes. And the

among science, academic community

sample of the study is one class

and educated people.

which consists of 31 students.

3. Methodology

The researcher analyzed the data

This study is experimental

using quantitative data. Quantitative

design, especially pre-experimental

data can be found through conducting

design. According to Creswell (2009:

test, the researcher analyzed data

158) pre-experimental is the

by

researcher studies a single group and

knowing

provides an intervention during the

writing ability of analytical exposition

experiment. In this research, the

text is improve or not. The writers

5

using

statistical
whether

analysis.

the

In

students

used the steps which were done by

to answer the research problem of

the writer in analyzing the result of

this research that the use of group

students writing ability.

The data obtained from pre-

investigation method was effective to

improve students writing analytical

test and post test would be analyzed

exposition text.

by using normalized gain since the

writer

wanted

improvement

of

to

know

students

5. Conclusion
The purpose of the study was to

the

writing

investigate

ability after using group investigation

method

were tested by statistical analysis to

the

validity,

the

implementation of group investigation

method. Before the test, questions

test

whether

was effective

students

reliability,

in

to improve

writing

analytical

exposition text. In addition, this study

discrimination power and level of

also aimed to find

difficulty of the each item by using

our

students

improvement in writing after teaching

formula.
4. Finding and Discussion

writing analytical exposition by using

group investigation method. To achieve

This test was used to obtain the

these purposes, quantitative study was

result of the study of different

employed.

ability and to measure how the ability

This study was conducted

increases. In this study, this test was

to the eleventh grade students

applied to give the improvement of

in one Senior High School in

writing ability and to solve statistical

Garut. This study focused on

before and after learning process. the

the students writing analytical

result explained that the experimental

exposition

class got a significant improvement.

investigation

Commonly, the students enhancement

by

using
method.

group
To

measure data needed pre-test

was 94% on middle degree, 6% on high

and post-test was conducted in

degree. This was the main calculation

experimental class.
6

Raimes, Ann, Technique in Teaching

Writing,
(Oxford
American

The result of this study was

interpreted by using statistical

English,1983)
Oshima, Alice and Hogue, Ann,
Writing
Academic
English,

analysis. During analyzed the

whole

data

which

were

obtained. It can be concluded

(California:

that the null hypothesis in this

study

was

alternative
accepted

rejected

and

hypothesis

was

this

means

Kanisius, 1995)
Zingaro, Daniel, (2008), Group
investigation:
Theory

group investigation method is

in

improving

students

writing

analytical

Published

Company, 1978)
Bram, Barli, Write Well Improving
Writing
Skill,
(Yoyakarta:

that

effective

Wesley

practice
Reader:

Part

Institute

exposition text. The result of

for

and

2,pp.1).Ontario
Studies

Education: Toronto

this study indicate that the

Simsek, U., Yilar, B., &Kucuk, B. (2013).

students who got the teaching

The effects of cooperative

writing analytical exposition by

learningmethods on students

using

academic achievements in social

group

method

investigation

made

significant
their

statistically

improvement
writing

especially

writing

psychology lessons

in

mastery

in education and their

especially

implications

Gerot, linda and Wignel, Peter,

Making Sense of Functional

The improvement is likely as a

of

the

investigation
teaching

use
method

writing

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International journal on new trends

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