WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMIOARA

COMPUTER SCIENCE

GLOBAL WARMING

PROFESOR COORDONATOR:
STOCHITOIU ROXANA

Studenti:
Cornea Drago
Doro Romina
Enachiuc Dana
Costescu Cristian

CUPRINS

1. Abstract...................................................................................................3
2. Introduction.............................................................................................4
3. Chapter 1 The Environment Before the Industrial Revolution.................5
4. Chapter 2 The industrial revolution and the climate effects.....................7
5. Chapter 3 Global Climate Change in prezent...........................................9
6. Chapter 4 Consequences in the future......................................................13
7. Conclusions..............................................................................................15
Bibliography

ABSTRACT

The project aims to issue a diagnosis that best reflect the current state of global
warming and the elements that highlight environmental impact of human life and change
lifecycle. It was mainly used in the analysis and data processing method and analysis of
statistical indicators of climate change due to certain factors.

Methodology. Preparation of the study, required an extensive documentation, which

involved study, analysis and synthesis of a large number of papers (consisting of works
scientific literature of authors consecrated in international and national specialist articles and
studies published in various international scientific conferences, dissertations tackled a similar
problem, etc.), in areas such as geography, economics, sociology, statistics, urbanism and
environment.

INTRODUCTION

Global warming presents the gravest threat to life on Earth in all of human history.
The planet is warming to a degree beyond what many species can handle, altering or
eliminating habitat, reducing food sources, causing drought and other species-harming severe
weather events, and even directly killing species that simply cant stand the heat. In fact,
scientists predict that if we keep going along our current greenhouse gas emissions trajectory,
climate change will cause more than a third of the Earths animal and plant species to face
extinction by 2050 and up to 70 percent by the end of the century. Such a catastrophic loss
would irreversibly diminish biodiversity, severely disrupt ecosystems, and cause immense
hardship for human societies worldwide.

We chose this topic because it is a subject that concerns the entire world and all we
have to participate in order to stop global warming and improving our living environment.
If warming phenomenon is almost universally accepted by scientists and policy
makers, there are several explanations on the causes of the process. The predominant opinion
is that the warming is due to human activity, particularly through the release of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

Chapter 1
The Environment Before the Industrial Revolution

Nowadays, the global warming is one of the most important problems of our future
lifestyle and one of the main causes of the climatic changes which lead to most of the nature
hazards and some economy issues that happened in the last few decades.
If we look back to the times before the Industrial Revolution which was the head start
of the global warming and environmental pollution, well be able to see a plenty of
differences between many domains.
One of those domains can be the technology and devices used by people who lived
between 1800 and 1890. Nowadays, fabrics and other enterprises use automated machines and
engines which makes the working process to be faster, cheaper, more profitable and safer for
workers. Before the Industrial Revolution, people had to do their works by hand or using
some not so sophisticated devices. Some of those devices might not be safe to be used by
workers. The investments of the enterprises in human resources were a lot bigger than
purchasing some machines which will pay back their price in a few months, and then only
make profit.
Another domain may be the general health of the entire human race. Before all this
technological upgrade, the people were healthier and the average death age was higher than
the current one.
Migration is one of those domains, also. Because there was no global warming, people
used to live in many parts of the globe, because the average temperature was lower than the
one that it is today. Many climatically changes are the result of a higher global temperature.
Some rivers and lakes of the Earth almost completely dried due to water evaporation. Some
animals are extinct because their habitat changes so fast, that they simply just cant adapt.
Even people are moving from villages to cities to live a better life.
Back in those times, people used to live in small cities, villages and even isolated
farms, due to the fact that they didnt need all the comfort and the medical care that we need
nowadays. They used to grow animals, plant and collect crops and eat natural food produced
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by themselves. The no-need of factories and mass production lines which used automated
devices and engines was an important factor of the climatic maintenance that we lack
nowadays. Even without all the technology and engineering complexity which we have today,
they managed to live their life decent enough to have communities and to support each other.
Nowadays, most of the people are located in cities with the population of an entire country.
Those people in these cities need a huge amount of energy, water and other needs of a big city
luxury life. All those needs, summed to all those people in such big cities, they lead to a major
global warming.
As specified above, some animals are about to be extinct due to the fact that their
common natural habitat changed because of the global warming and human interaction. Those
animals used to have their own territories which were used for feeding, breeding and living
their normal life. The trophic chain is well designed: If you dont see food, go search for it..
And thats what the animals did, and still continue to do. Those extinct animals had moved
from their ancestral places in their search for food, and of course, they didnt find it, so they
didnt adapt and now they need saving.
Another effect of the global temperature rise, is the glacial smelting. The Pole ice is
used to regulate the temperature in the temperate-temperature clime zones of our globe. Those
zones are located right before the two poles of the Earth. If those two icecaps smelt, the ocean
level will rise, the magnetic field of the Earth disappears, and the global atmosphere vanishes.
Before the Global Warming began, those icecaps were pretty much larger than they are
nowadays, which means the temperature was lower, the precipitations were regulated across
the globe, and the atmosphere was intact. Everything on Earth was well-conserved, wet
enough and with a self-specific constant temperature.
Transport is also one of the Global Warming reasons. Back in 80es, there were not so
many cars as there are now, which means that the noxious gas concentration in air and
atmosphere was a lot smaller than it is nowadays. Airplanes fly using kerosene, an even
powerful fuel that the one used for cars, which means that it disperses more CO2 and other
dangerous gases in the atmosphere.
Even if the clime changes from self, because anything changes, with our Industrial
Revolution and machine improvements we only speed up the changing process, a process
which our bodys adaptation is too slow, and we will only have to support the consequences.
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Chapter 2
The Industrial Revolution and the climate effects

The Industrial Revolution was a time of great inventions, many things were invented
back then and it changed the world from old ways to a world of new ways. Actually, the
world shifted from the old manual laboring, to the new factory and that automatized
everything.
The Industrial Revolution was a major factor of the starting of global warming much
earlier than we human realized.
So, we all know that it was better for everyone but we have put ourselves some
questions. How the Industrial Revolution affect us today? 1 How can something that happened
over 200 years ago affect us?
Of course, we cannot imagine a world without factories, production, engines,
electricity that was invented back then. The world without those would be a different place
nowadays without the quality of the life we have.
Also, the world population growth rate rapidly explode in the mid 17-th century. The
worlds population grew about 60 % to 800 million, and after years will reach one billion in
the beginning of the year 1800. This growth directly increased the use of energy, food, a lot of
resources and as well the waste by-products.
Of course by the 1280s people started using coal for fuel in processes like
metalworking which resulted in air pollution having black smoke in atmosphere, but it was
insignificant because of the low population and small lifetime back then.
Back in the late 18 century, no one would have tough that their burning fossil fuels,
that replaced wind, water and wood, used for the manufacture of textiles and development of
iron making would have a big effect on the climate. A lot of processes would affect the
climate, like food production, medicine and clothing.

http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/18/ecological-impact-industrial-revolution/

This fossil fuel was the engine of the Industrial Revolution, changing the way people
would live and use the energy.
Rapid growth of industrialization began between late 18-th century and the beginning
of the 19-th century, inventions were not just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines
were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use of animals and
carriages. Other machinery like trains required coal as energy source, releasing the first
emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases which lead to a low quality of the air in all many
industrialized cities.
With industrial revolution2 came a series of environmental impacts air pollution,
water pollution, noise pollution, forest and other all ecosystems. Industrialized countries have
added historical emissions in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
With all that climate system was overused because of its natural availability as a resource
whose access is open to all free of charge
So its simply to understand that development of civilization would have not happened
without carbon emission in all cases. But those are now believed to add to global warming
and climate change events. Also scientists believe that the world has already burnt half the
fossil fuels necessary to bring about 2C rise in global temperature.
Meanwhile humans progress a lot and of course this came at extraordinary costs to our
environment, and in the end to the health of all living things of the Earth.
Populations in industrialized countries moved from rural areas to urban areas and
produced larger amounts of waste and carbon dioxide emissions.3
Looking back at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution a change in one system
will cause changes in others, with the price of performance and mass production will not be
such a great result on the other hand.

https://prezi.com/0sg0688zwzkr/industrial-revolution-how-does-it-affect-us-today/

http://theconversation.com/the-industrial-revolution

Chapter 3
Global Climate Change in prezent

For some years, global warming, the gradual heating of Earth's surface, oceans and
atmosphere, was a topic of heated debate in the scientific community. Today, the
overwhelming consensus of researchers is that global warming is real and is caused by human
activity, primarily the burning of fossil fuels that pump carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and
other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Additionally, global warming is having a measurable effect on the planet right now, in
a variety of ways. We can observe this happening in real time in many places. Ice is melting
in both polar ice caps and mountain glaciers. Lakes around the world, including Lake
Superior, are warming rapidly in some cases faster than the surrounding environment.
Animals are changing migration patterns and plants are changing the dates of activity (e.g. leaf-flush in spring to fall in autumn is longer).4
Climate change: How do we know?

Philipott D., Critical Government Documents on the Environment, Bernann Press, 2015

Fig.1. This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores
and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased
since the Industrial Revolution.( http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/)
We live in a greenhouse
Life on Earth depends on energy coming from the sun. About half the light reaching
Earth's atmosphere passes through the air and clouds to the surface, where it is absorbed and
then radiated upward in the form of infrared heat. About 90 percent of this heat is then
absorbed by the greenhouse gases and radiated back toward the surface, which is warmed to a
life-supporting average of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius).5
On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century
the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2). This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon
with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture,
industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Fig.2. The greenhouse effect.( http://www.livescience.com/)

MEEHL, GA.How much more global warming and sea level rise?. Science, 2005

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Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is
human expansion of the "greenhouse effect" warming that results when the atmosphere
traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
The consequences of changing the natural atmospheric greenhouse are difficult to predict, but
certain effects seem likely:

On average, Earth will become warmer. Some regions may welcome warmer
temperatures, but others may not.

Warmer conditions will probably lead to more evaporation and precipitation overall,
but individual regions will vary, some becoming wetter and others dryer.

A stronger greenhouse effect will warm the oceans and partially melt glaciers and
other ice, increasing sea level. Ocean water also will expand if it warms, contributing
further to sea level rise.

Meanwhile, some crops and other plants may respond favorably to increased
atmospheric CO2, growing more vigorously and using water more efficiently. At the
same time, higher temperatures and shifting climate patterns may change the areas
where crops grow best and affect the makeup of natural plant communities.

Sea level rise and shrinking ice sheets

Global sea level rise about 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) in the last century. The rate in
the last decade, however, is nearly double that of the last century.
The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost 150 to 250 cubic kilometers
(36 to 60 cubic miles) of ice per year between 2002 and 2006, while Antarctica lost about 152
cubic kilometers (36 cubic miles) of ice between 2002 and 2005.
Global temperature rise
All three major global surface temperature reconstructions show that Earth has warmed
since 1880.5 Most of this warming has occurred since the 1970s, with the 20 warmest years
having occurred since 1981 and with all 10 of the warmest years occurring in the past 12
years.6 Even though the 2000s witnessed a solar output decline resulting in an unusually deep
solar minimum in 2007-2009, surface temperatures continue to increase.
Warming oceans
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The oceans have absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700 meters (about
2,300 feet) of ocean showing warming of 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.

Ocean acidification
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters
has increased by about 30 percent.12,13 This increase is the result of humans emitting more
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the oceans. The
amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the upper layer of the oceans is increasing by about 2
billion tons per year.
On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century
the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2). This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon
with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture,
industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.

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Chapter 4
Consequences in the future
The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between.
The average world temperature is on track to rise by 11 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100,
another 0.5F increase would be expected over the next few decades even if all emissions
from human activities suddenly stopped [1]. However, choices made now and in the next few
decades will determine the amount of additional future warming.
Many areas of Africa that are currently agriculturally-productive are expected to
essentially become deserts. In many of the drier regions of Central and South America, in
Southern Europe ( especially the Mediterranean area which is known as a hotspot for
biodiversity, and it is warming up faster than the rest of the world: Spain, Portugal, Italy,
Turkey), in the south western region of the United States climate change is expected to
rapidly lead to the salinization and desertification of large portions of land.
In terms of precipitation in 2100, rainfall is expected to increase along the equatorial
Pacific. Rainfall is also projected to increase in regions that are normally wet, while drier
climatic regions will see reduced precipitation.
Even though the majority of C02 emitted from burning a single tonne of coal or oil
today will be absorbed over a few centuries by the oceans and vegetation, approximately 25%
of it will still be lingering in the atmosphere in 1,000 years, and 10% still remaining and
impacting the climate in 100,000 years time. Earlier this year carbon dioxide levels reached
400 parts per million, but in 2100 carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere will have reached
935 parts per million, meaning the gas comprises nearly 0.1 per cent of the atmosphere.
Around half of all carbon dioxide produced by humans since the Industrial Revolution
has dissolved into the worlds oceans. In the high-emissions scenario, global average ocean
pH levels would fall to around 7.67 by 2100, roughly five times the amount of acidification
that has already occurred. [2] Such large changes in ocean pH have probably not been
experienced on the planet for the past 21 million years, and scientists are unsure whether and
how quickly ocean life could adapt to such rapid acidification.

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Global sea level has risen by about 8 inches since reliable record keeping began in
1880. It is projected to rise another 1 to 4 feet by 2100, enough to swamp many of the cities
along the U.S. East Coast. There are 150 million people around the world currently live
within 1 meter of sea level. More dire estimates, including a complete meltdown of the
Greenland ice sheet, push sea level rise to 23 feet (7 meters), enough to submerge London [3].
The horizon for such a scenario is a few hundred or a few thousand years, depending on
which researcher you ask.
Rising sea-levels cause saltwater to enter into fresh underground water and freshwater
streams. This reduces the amount of freshwater available for drinking and farming. Warmer
waters temperatures also affect water-quality and accelerate water-pollution.
As the Earth gets warmer, plants and animals that need to live in cold places, like on
mountaintops or in the Arctic, might not have a suitable place to live. If the Earth keeps
getting warmer, up to onefourth of all the plants and animals on Earth could become extinct
within 100 years. Every plant and animal plays a role in the ecosystem (for example, as a
source of food, a predator, a pollinator, a source of shelter), so losing one species can affect
many others.
Coral reefs are created in shallow tropical waters by millions of tiny animals called
corals. Warmer water has already caused coral bleaching (a type of damage to corals) in many
parts of the world. By 2050, live corals could become rare in tropical and sub-tropical reefs
due to the combined effects of warmer water and increased ocean acidity caused by more
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The loss of coral reefs will reduce habitats for many other
sea creatures, and it will disrupt the food web that connects all the living things in the ocean.
Melting permafrost may release "zombie pathogens" that have been frozen in ice for
centuries, while warming temperatures will allow disease-spreading insects to roam far and
wide. Threats now confined to the tropics will likely become problems at higher latitudes.
Here are a few of the diseases that could thrive in a warming world: Anthrax, there are many
reindeer carcass containing this virus buried in Siberian soil. Will be affected the abundance
and distribution of disease vectors. Altitudes that are currently too cool to sustain vectors will
become more conducive to them. Some vector populations may expand into new geographic
areas, whereas others may disappear. Malaria, dengue, plague, and viruses causing
encephalitic syndromes are among the many vector-borne diseases likely to be affected.[4]
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CONCLUSIONS

Through all of the changes in our planets history, life went on. Life adapted and
evolved because thats what life does. Even if/when we all drown in rising seas, life will still
go on until at some point the Sun will become so hot that Earths oceans will boil. This will
be the ultimate form of global warming: the world will become so hot that water simply will
be no more.
Life on Earth will cease to exist, although some clever types will be able to stay in the
upper, cooler layers of the atmosphere.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1].https://prezi.com/0sg0688zwzkr/industrial-revolution-how-does-it-affect-us-today/
accessed in 24.11.2016, at 5:21 p.m.
[2].http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/18/ecological-impact-industrial-revolution/ accessed in
10.10.2016, at 3:12 p.m.
[3].http://theconversation.com/the-industrial-revolution accessed in 24.11.2016, at 6:21 p.m.
[4].http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783642196737c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1173251-p174106569.accessed in 24.11.2016, at 4:13 p.m.
[5].Philipott D., Critical Government Documents on the Environment, Bernann Press, 2015.
6]. Feely, Richard A., Scott C. Doney, and Sarah R. Cooley. Ocean acidification: present
conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world, Oceanograpy Vol.22, No 4, 2009
[7].MEEHL, GA.How much more global warming and sea level rise?. Science, 2005.
[8]. KHASNIS, A; NETTLEMA A , Global warming and infectious disease. Archives of
medical research, 2005.
[9]. L. Polyak, et.al., History of Sea Ice in the Arctic, in Past Climate Variability and
Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes, U.S. Geological Survey, Climate Change Science
Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 1.2, January 2009, chapter 7
[10]. I. Allison et.al., The Copenhagen Diagnosis: Updating the World on the Latest Climate
Science, UNSW Climate Change Research Center, Sydney, Australia, 2009, p. 11
[11]. KHASNIS, A; NETTLEMA A. , Global warming and infectious disease. Archives of
medical research, 2005.

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