HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Khoa Vin Thng 1

Bo co Chuyn
ti:

nh gi hiu nng,
Cc k thut trong h thng
4G LTE-Advanced
GING VIN: TS. NG TH NGC
NHM SINH VIN:

Nguyn Vn Khoa
Nguyn Tun Hng
V c Minh
Nguyn Vn Dng

D12VT6
D12VT6
D12VT6
D12VT7

H Ni, 2016
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B12DCVT261
B12DCVT259
B12DCVT271
B12DCVT302

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

MC LC
MC LC............................................................................................................................................1
DANH MC BNG BIU..................................................................................................................3
PHN CNG CNG VIC................................................................................................................4
LI M U......................................................................................................................................5
CHNG I. GII THIU CHUNG....................................................................................................6
1.1.

Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng..............................................................6

1.2.

H thng thng tin di ng 4G LTE Advanced.....................................................................9

1.3.

Kt lun chng...................................................................................................................11

CHNG 2. CC PHN T CNG NGH, CI TIN TRONG 4G LTE ADVANCED............12

2.1. iu khin gim can nhiu tng cng gia cc t bo.........................................................12
2.1.1. Nhiu tng cng gia cc t bo.....................................................................................12
2.1.2. Gii php kh thi eICIC....................................................................................................14
2.2. K thut phi hp a im CoMP (Coordinated MultiPoint).................................................17
2.3. K thut cc nt chuyn tip trong LTE-A.............................................................................21
2.3.1. Gii thiu v k thut cc nt chuyn tip ( Relay Node )...............................................21
2.3.2. Cc loi nt chuyn tip v cch thc hot ng..............................................................21
2.3.3. Cc vn lin quan n trin khai nt chuyn tip RN..................................................24
2.3.4. Cc u im v nhc im trong vic s dng trm chuyn tip Relay.......................25
a.

Cc u im.........................................................................................................................25

b.

Cc nhc im...................................................................................................................26

2.3.5.Truy nhp v tuyn cho cc trm chuyn tip Relay.........................................................26

2.3.6. Giao thc v tuyn cho cc trm truyn tip Relay..........................................................27
2.4. K thut cng gp sng mang - Sng mang thnh phn (CC)................................................27
2.5. K thut a u vo, a u ra MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output).............................30
2.5.1. MIMO ng xung (Downlink ) trong LTE-A...............................................................31
2.5.2. MIMO ng ln ( Uplink ) trong LTE-A........................................................................35
CHNG 3. NG GI HIU NNG H THNG LTE-A.........................................................38
3.1.

nh gi hiu nng..............................................................................................................38

3.2.

Quan im ca ngi s dng thit b u cui v hiu sut..............................................39

3.3.

Quan im ca ngi khai thc mng.................................................................................40

3.4.

Hiu sut v tc d liu nh v tr...........................................................................41

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

3.5.

nh gi hiu nng ca LTE Advanced............................................................................42

3.6.

Cc m hnh v gi nh......................................................................................................44

3.7.

Tiu ch nh gi..................................................................................................................47

3.8.

S hiu sut cho FDD..........................................................................................................48

3.9.

S hiu sut cho TDD..........................................................................................................49

KT LUN........................................................................................................................................51

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

DANH MC BNG BIU

Hnh 1.1. Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng7
Bng 1.1. Tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng8
Bng 1.2. Bng so snh LTE vi LTE Advanced11
Hnh 2.1. UE trong ranh gii t bo ca t bo12
Hnh 2.2. UE l di mt vng ph sng ca mt t bo femto hoc pico 13
Hnh 2.3. UE nm gn mt CSG14
Hnh 2.4. Cng ngh EICIC15
Hnh 2.5. Kt hp sng mang vi lp lch cho sng mang16
Hnh 2.6. S dng khung con gn nh trng ABS17
Hnh 2.7. LTE Advanced CoMP - Phi hp a im18
Hnh 2.8. C ch trnh nhiu v Truyn dn phi hp18
Hnh 2.9. Chuyn tip lp 122
Hnh 2.10. Chuyn tip lp 223
Hnh 2.11. Chuyn tip lp 324
Hnh 2.12. Cu hnh khung v tuyn cho cc trm chuyn tip27
Hnh 2.13. Cng gp sng mang28
Hinh 2.14. Cc s kt hp s liu ti cc lp khc nhau 30
Hnh 2.15. S sp xp t m vo lp34
Bng 2.1. Bng m tin m ha 3 bit cho UL SU-MIMO vi hai anten36
Hnh 3.1. nh ngha ca tc d liu cho hiu sut40
Bng 3.1. Hiu sut ph nh LTE41
Bng 3.2. Mi trng th nghim v cc thng s trin khai42
Bng 3.3. c im h thng LTE Advanced nh gi44
Bng 3.4. Yu cu ITU-R cho IMT-Advanced hiu sut ph 47
Hnh 3.5. FDD hiu sut ph t bo v hiu sut s dng ph t bo bin,
so vi yu cu ca ITU-R.49
Hnh 3.6. FDD phn b thng lng ngi dng bnh thng 49
Hnh 3.7. FDD phn b SINR50
Hnh 3.8. TDD hiu sut ph t bo v hiu sut s dng ph t bo bin,
so vi yu cu ca ITU-R.50
Hnh 3.9. TDD phn b thng lng ngi dng bnh thng 50

PHN CNG CNG VIC

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

STT
1

Ni dung

Ghi ch
Mng 3G, 4G, 4G LTE
Gii thiu chung
Minh + Dng
Advanced
Trm chuyn tip,
Phi hp a im
Hng
iu khin gim can
Cc phn t cng
nhiu gia cc t bo
ngh, ci tin trong
Sng mang thnh phn
4G LTE Advanced
(CC)
Khoa
Cc s MIMO, m
phng
Hiu sut ph ng
nh gi hiu nng
Minh + Dng
ln, ng xung

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Ph trch

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

LI M U
Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip pht trin v
cng nhanh chng. Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3G hay 3.5G vn
ang pht trin khng ngng nhng nhng nh khai thc vin thng trn th gii
tin hnh trin khai mt chun di ng th h mi l h ng thng tin di ng th
h th t (4G LTE), cng vi phin bn ci tin ca n (4G LTE Advanced).
Xut pht t vn trn em la chn ti tiu lun

l: nh gi hiu

nng h thng MIMO trong h thng thng tin di ng LTE Advanced. Mc tiu
c bn ca bi tiu lun l nu ra nhng hot ng c bn ca h thng LTEAdvanced, tm hiu nhng cng ngh mi, nhng ci tin v cht lng dch v
m bo p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi dng i vi mng di ng.
ti ca nhm c cc ni dung sau:
Chng 1. Gii thiu chung
Chng 2. Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong 4G LTE Advanced
Chng 3. nh gi hiu nng
Tuy nhin do LTE Advanced l cng ngh cn mi, ang c hon thin
cng nh do gii hn v kin thc v thi gian nn n kh trnh khi thiu st.
Rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca thy c v cc bn.
Chng em xin trn thnh cm n !!!.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

CHNG I. GII THIU CHUNG

1.1.

Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng

Khi mi trin khai, h thng di ng 1G mi ch cung cp cho ngi s dng

dch v thoi, nhng nhu cu v truyn s liu tng ln i hi cc nh khai thc

mng phi nng cp rt nhiu tnh nng mi cho mng v cung cp cc dch v gi tr
gia tng trn c s khai thc mng hin c. T cc nh khai thc trin khai h
thng di ng 2G, 2.5G cung cp dch v truyn s liu tc cao hn. Cng vi
Internet, Intranet tr thnh mt trong nhng hot ng kinh doanh ngy cng quan
trng, mt trong s l xy dng cc cng s v tuyn kt ni cc cn b di
ng vi x nghip hoc cng s ca h. Ngoi ra, tim nng to ln i vi cc cng
ngh mi l cung cp trc tip tin tc v cc thng tin khc cho cc thit b v tuyn
s to ra ngun li nhun mi cho nh khai thc. Do vy, p ng c cc dch
v mi v truyn thng my tnh v hnh nh, ng thi m bo tnh kinh t th h
thng di ng th h th hai tng bc chuyn i sang h thng thng tin di ng
th h th ba. Khi m nhu cu v cc dch v a phng tin cht lng cao tng
mnh, m tc ca h thng 3G hin ti khng p ng c th cc t chc vin
thng trn th gii nghin cu v chun ha h thng di ng 4G.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 1.1. Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng

Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng c m t hnh 1.1,
trong :
+ TASC (Total Access Communication System): H thng thng tin truy nhp tng
th.
+ NMT900 (Nordic Mobile Telephone 900): H thng in thoi Bc u bng tn
900MHz.
+ AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service): Dch v in thoi di ng tin tin.
+ SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio): V tuyn di ng chuyn dng.
+ GSM 900 (Global System for Mobile): H thng thng tin di ng ton cu bng
tn 900MHz.
+ GSM 1800: H thng GSM bng tn 1800 MHz.
+ GSM 1900: H thng GSM bng tn 1900 MHz.
+ IS-136 TDMA (Interim Standard- 136): Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ci
tin do AT&T xut.
+ IS-95 CDMA: Tiu chun thng tin di ng CDMA ci tin ca M.
+ GPRS (General Packet Radio System): H thng v tuyn gi chung.
+ EDGE (Enhaned Data Rates for GSM Evolution): Nhng tc s liu tng cng
pht trin GSM.
+ CDMA 2000 1x: H thng CDMA 2000 giai on 1.
+ WCDMA (Wideband CDMA): H thng CDMA bng rng.
+ CDMA 2000 Mx: H thng CDMA 2000 giai on 2 [2].
+ HSPA (High Speed Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi tc cao. H thng
HSPA c chia thnh 3 cng ngh sau:
- HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi
ng xung tc cao.
- HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi ng
ln tc cao.
- HSODPA (High Speed OFDM Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi
OFDM tc cao.
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

+ Pre-4G: Cc h thng tin 4G gm WiMax v WiBro (Mobile Wimax).

+ WiMax: Wordwide Interoperabilily for Microwave Access.
+ WiBro: Wiless Broadband System: H thng bng rng khng dy.
T qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng t khi ra i n nay ta
c th tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng qua bng sau:
Bng 1.1. Tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng

1.2.

H thng thng tin di ng 4G LTE Advanced

Thng 6 nm 2013, cng ty vin thng Hn Quc SK Telecom gii thiu

cng ngh m h mnh danh mng LTE tin tin nht trn th gii LTE8|Page

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Advanced. Theo nhng g SK cng b, mng ny mang li tc truyn ti d liu

nhanh gp i so vi mng LTE thng thng v iu ny l mt tin vui cho nhng
ngi dng thit b thng minh th h mi. Ch ti thng 10 nm 2013 thi, c ti
c triu ngi ng k s dng dch v ny Hn Quc. t nc ny, ngi dng
LTE-Advanced c th ti mt b phim 800MB ch trong 43 giy. Ln sng s dng
cng ngh ny s lan ra khp th gii do nhu cu s dng bng thng di ng ngy
cng tng cao. Cc nh mng s phi nng cp lin tc p ng yu cu v tc
v khi lng d liu ngy cng cao ca ngi dng khng ch l m thoi video,
xem th thao trc tuyn na m c th l khm bnh trc tip t xa hay mua sm
o Theo d bo ca Cisco System, lu lng bng thng di ng ton cu tng
gp i theo tng nm v s tng trng theo cp s nhn ny vn cha h c du
hiu ngng li.
Hin ti, cc nh mng ang ro rit tm kim s thay th cho cng ngh LTE
ra i nm 2010. Cc doanh nghip vin thng ln ton cu nh AT&T (M), Telstra
(c), NTT Docomo (Nht) v Telenor Sweden (Thu in) u cho bit h ang th
nghim cng ngh LTE-Avanced v d kin c th a ra s dng rng ri vo nm
nay. Theo d bo ca ABI Research, s lng ngi dng s dng LTE-Advanced
vo nm 2018 s t ti 500 triu, gp 5 ln s ngi dng LTE hin nay. Cc chuyn
gia cng ngh cng nhn nh rng LTE cn phi ci tin v LTE-Advanced s l
chun thng tr trong tng lai gn. H cng coi cng ngh ny mi tht s l 4G do
p ng y cc tiu ch k thut m Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (International
Telecommunication Union) t ra cho h thng mng khng dy th h th 4.
LTEAdvanced (Long Term EvolutionAdvanced) , nh tn gi ca n, thc
cht ch l bn nng cp ca LTE nhm hng n tha mn cc yu cu ca IMT
Advanced. Vic nng cp ny c th hin ch cc cng ngh c s dng
trong LTE th vn s dng trong LTE th vn c s dng trong LTE Advaned
(OFDMA, SC FDMA, MIMO, AMC, Hybrid ARQ). Tuy nhin c mt s ci tin
pht huy ti a hiu qu ca chng nh: MIMO tng cng, vi cu hnh cao hn
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

(8x8 MIMO) ng thi LTE Advanced cn ng dng thm nhiu k thut mi

nng cao c tnh ca h thng nh :
1. Carrier Aggregation (Tng hp sng mang)
2. Multi antenna Enhancements (a ng ten ci tin)
3. Relays (Trm chuyn tip)
4. Heterogeneous Network (mng khng ng nht)
5. Coordinated Multipoint CoMp (phi hp a im)
Bng vic p dng nhiu gii php k thut cng ngh mi nh trn,

LTE

Advaned c cc c tnh cao hn hn so vi LTE v nhiu mt (tc , bng thng,

hiu sut s dng ph, tr x l) [0]. Bng so snh s cho ta thy iu ny:

Bng 1.2. Bng so snh LTE vi LTE Advanced

1.3.

Kt lun chng

S cn mt nhiu nm na cc doanh nghip vin thng tn dng ht cc

u im ca cng ngh LTE-Advanced. Hin nay cc nh mng vn cha trin khai
mt s tnh nng phc tp hn ca cng ngh ny nh cc dch v thoi v phn mm
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

t t chc. Nhng tnh nng ny s cung cp kh nng thch ng vi cc h tng

mng mi cho cc trm pht hoc t khi phc sau s c.
V chc chn LTE-Advanced cha phi l nh cao nht ca cng ngh LTE.
T chc quc t ng sau cc chun cng ngh mng ny The 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) cng b k hoch v phin bn k tip vo cui nm
2015. Mt s cng ty gi phin bn tng lai ny l LTE-B bt chp vic 3GPP
ln ting ph nhn v cho bit ch chp nhn tn gi LTE-Advanced. B qua vn
tn gi, chng ta ch chc chn rng bin th mi ny s tip tc cung cp cho cc
nh mng nhiu tu chn khai thc trit hn, bao gm cc giao thc cho ngten ba chiu, truyn nng lng hiu qu hn, v giao tip trc tip gia cc thit b
di ng, cm bin thng minh v my mc thit b khc. Mt cng ngh t ph nh
vy c th cung cp nng lc cao gp 30 ln so vi LTE-Advanced v thc s ng
d chng ta ch i.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

CHNG 2. CC PHN T CNG NGH, CI TIN TRONG 4G

LTE ADVANCED
2.1. iu khin gim can nhiu tng cng gia cc t bo
2.1.1. Nhiu tng cng gia cc t bo

Trng hp 1: UE trong ranh gii t bo ca t bo. Trong trng hp ny, cc tn hiu t

t bo hng xm c th hot ng nh l nhiu. Trong trng hp ny, cng tn hiu
t t bo phc v c xu hng c rt yu v SNR s rt thp khng ch v nhng tn
hiu t bo phc v yu m cng v s can thip.

Hnh 2.1. UE trong ranh gii t bo ca t bo

Trng hp 2: UE l di mt vng ph sng ca mt t bo femto hoc pico. Trong

trng hp ny, cc t bo v m xung quanh nhng pico / femto di ng hoc pico /
femto khc c th hot ng nh l nhiu. Trong trng hp ny, cng tn hiu t t
bo phc v c th khng c yu nh vy, nhng SNR c xu hng gim hn do s
can thip.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.2. UE l di mt vng ph sng ca mt t bo femto hoc pico

Trng hp 3: UE nm gn mt CSG (closed subscriber group), nhng n khng

phi l thnh vin CSG ca . Trong trng hp ny, cc tn hiu t cc hot ng
ca CSG l rt mnh (i khi mnh hn cc t bo phc v chnh n) v c th rt
nghim trng (iu ny s l l do ti sao 3GPP 36,300 ct CSG l mt tiu ch quan
trng cho thc hin ICIC / eICIC).

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.3. UE nm gn mt CSG

2.1.2. Gii php kh thi eICIC
Nh bn bit, tn hiu LTE (trn thc t hu ht cc tn hiu thng tin lin lc) c
hai thnh phn. Thi gian thnh phn tn min v min tn s thnh phn. V vy, s can
thip c th xy ra c 2 hai min tn s v thi gian.

Hnh 2.4. Cng ngh EICIC

EICIC l mt cng ngh iu khin can thip c nh ngha trong 3GPP phin bn
10. N l mt phin bn tin tin ca ICIC, trc y c nh ngha trong 3GPP phin
bn 8, pht trin h tr cc mi trng HetNet. trnh nhiu lin cell, ICIC cho php
UE bin cell trong cc t bo ln cn s dng di tn s khc nhau (RBS hoc sng mang
ph). Mt khc, eICIC cho php h s dng phm vi thi gian khc nhau (subframes) cho
cng mt mc ch. l, vi eICIC, mt t bo v m v cc t bo nh c chung mt
ng knh c th s dng ti nguyn v tuyn trong phm vi thi gian khc nhau (tc l
subframes).
Giao thc eICIC x l tnh hung gim can nhiu theo mt trong hai cch sau.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Nu h thng mng c s dng k thu t cng gp sng mang ghp hai hay nhiu
knh tn s th cell ln v cell nh s ch vic s dng cc knh tch bit gi cc tn
hiu iu khin, k thut ny cn c gi l lp lch cho sng mang CCS (crosscarrier scheduling). Lp lch cho sng mang s dng knh iu khin vt l ng
xung PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) ca mt trong cc sng mang
thnh phn trong cell ln v cell nh mang tn hiu iu khin ng xung DCI
(Downlink Control Information) sp xp ngi dng trn knh chia s vt l ng
xng PDSCH_knh mang d liu (Physical Downlink Shared Channel). PDCCH c th
c truyn i vi cng sut cao hn so vi cc knh lu lng. Do , s dng cc
sng mang khc nhau cho PDCCH trong cc cell ln v cell nh lm gim nguy c can
nhiu PDCCH.
Trong hnh di y, l mt v d in hnh i vi kt hp sng mang vi lp lch
cho sng mang. 2 thnh phn sng mang c dng, c hai c rng 6 khi ti
nguyn vt l PRB (Physical Resource Block). Sng mang thnh phn mu xanh blue t
macro-eBN c dng nh sng mang thnh phn chnh PCC (Primary Component
Carrier), sng mang thnh phn mu xanh green c dng nh sng mang thnh phn
th hai SCC (Second Component Carrier). Sng mang thnh phn chnh PCC vi knh
iu khin vt l ng xung c cng sut pht cao hn sng mang thnh phn th 2
SCC do cell phc v chnh ln hn cell phuc v th 2. Trm c s BS trong cell nh
dng sng mang mu xanh green nh l sng mang thnh phn chnh PCC cn sng
mang mu xanh blue nh sng mang thnh phn th 2 SCC, c 2 c pht vi cng
cng sut nhng s m rng cell CRE c dng cho sng mang thnh phn chnh mu
xanh green PCC. Khu vc mu c ch nh dng cho knh iu khin vt l ng
xung PDCCH mang thng tin iu khin ng xung DCI.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.5. Kt hp sng mang vi lp lch cho sng mang

i vi cc mng ch s dng mt knh tn s, eICIC c mt gii php khc. l vic

cell ln v cell nh s dng cng tn s nhng trong cc khong thi gian khc nhau
bng cch s dng khung con gn nh trng ABS (Almost Blank Subframe). Khung con
gn nh trng l khung con khng mang d liu. Trong cell ln v cell nh, c bit
ngi dng vng bin cell nh c th dng chung tn s m khng gy can nhiu ln
nhau bng cch s dng khung ABS trong khong thi gian khc nhau truyn c tn
hiu iu khin v d liu.

Hnh 2.6. S dng khung con gn nh trng ABS

2.2. K thut phi hp a im CoMP (Coordinated MultiPoint)
Phi hp truyn a im v tip nhn thc s cp n mt lot cc k thut cho
php phi hp ng hoc truyn ti v tip nhn vi nhiu eNB a l tch bit. Mc ch
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

ca n l nng cao hiu sut h thng tng th, s dng cc ngun lc mt cch hiu qu
hn v ci thin cht lng dch v ngi dng cui.
Mt trong nhng thng s quan trng cho LTE, v c bit l 4G LTE Advanced l tc
d liu cao c th t c. Cc tc d liu cao l tng i d dng duy tr gn vi
trm c s, nhng vi khong cch gia tng, n tr nn kh khn hn duy tr.
R rng cc cnh t bo l nhng thch thc ln nht. Khng ch l nhng tn hiu
yu v khong cch xa t trm gc (eNB), m cn c mc can thip t eNB lng ging
c th s cao hn khi UE c gn hn vi chng.
4G LTE CoMP, phi hp a im i hi s phi hp cht ch gia mt s cc eNB tch
bit a l. Chng hot ng phi hp cung cp lch trnh chung v hp truyn ng cng
nh chng minh x l chung ca cc tn hiu nhn c.Trong cch ny, mt UE ra ca
mt t bo c th c phc v bi hai hoc nhiu hn cc eNB ci thin tn hiu tip
nhn/truyn dn v tng thng lng c bit trong iu kin cnh t bo.

Hnh 2.7. LTE Advanced CoMP - Phi hp a im

V c bn, phi hp a im cho php mt thit b di ng cng mt lc trao i d
liu vi nhiu trm thu pht. K thut ny s gip ci thin hn na tn hiu v tng tc
d liu ti ra cell, ni m c th kh c c mt kt ni tt. V d nh hai trm thu pht
lin k c th cng lc gi d liu ging nhau ti mt thit b do tng kh nng nhn
c tn hiu tt ca thit b . Tng t nh vy, mt thit b cng c th cng mt lc ti
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

d liu ln c hai trm thu pht, cc trm ny ng vai tr nh mt mng ng-ten o s cng
nhau x l tn hiu thu c loi b li. Hoc thit b c th ti d liu ln qua cell nh
gn bn, gip gim nng lng pht trong khi vn nhn tn hiu ti xung tt t mt trm
thu pht ln hn.

Hnh 2.8. C ch trnh nhiu v Truyn dn phi hp

2.2.1. Nhng u im ca LTE CoMP

Lm cho vic s dng cc mng tt hn: Bng cch cung cp cc kt ni n mt s

trm c s cng mt lc, s dng comp, d liu c th c thng qua trm c s thng
qua np t nht cho vic s dng ngun lc ti nguyn tt hn.

Cung cp tng cng hiu sut tip nhn: S dng mt s trang web di ng cho mi
kt ni c ngha l tip nhn tng th s c ci thin v s lng cc cuc gi b ri
nn c gim.

Nhiu trang web tip nhn c tng cng sut nhn: Vic tip nhn chung t nhiu
trm gc hoc cc trang web s dng LTE phi hp cc k thut a im cho php nhn
c sc mnh tng th chic in thoi ny s c tng ln.

Gim nhiu: Bng cch s dng cc k thut kt hp chuyn ngnh c th s dng s

can thip mang tnh xy dng ch khng phi l trit tiu, do lm gim mc can
thip.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

V bn cht, 4G LTE Comp, phi hp a im ri vo hai loi chnh:

Phn x l: phn x l xy ra khi c s phi hp gia nhiu thc th - trm gc c

ng thi pht hoc nhn hoc t UE.

Phi hp lp k hoch hoc beamforming: iu ny thng c gi l CS/CB (phi

hp lp k hoch / iu phi beamforming) l mt hnh thc phi hp mt UE c
truyn vi mt truyn n hoc tip im - trm gc. Tuy nhin, thng tin lin lc c
thc hin vi mt cuc trao i ca kim sot trong mt s c quan phi hp.
Beamforming l mt cng ngh tp trung tn hiu v hng n trc tip vo mc tiu c
th thay v pht sng tn hiu lan to trong mt khu vc rng ln.
t c mt trong cc ch , thng tin phn hi c nhiu chi tit c yu cu trn

cc thuc tnh knh mt cch nhanh chng cc thay i c th c thc hin. Cc yu

cu khc l s phi hp rt cht ch gia cc eNB thun li cho vic kt hp cc d liu
hoc chuyn i nhanh chng ca cc t bo.
Cc k thut c s dng phi hp a im, COMP l rt khc nhau cho cc ng
ln v ng xung. y l kt qu thc t l cc eNB ang trong mng, kt ni vi cc
eNB khc, trong khi cc thit b cm tay hoc UE l nhng yu t c nhn.
2.2.2. Downlink LTE COMP
CoMP downlink LTE i hi s phi hp nng ng gia nhiu eNB a l tch bit
truyn n UE. Hai nh dng ca phi hp a im c th c chia cho ng xung:

Phng n x l chung cho vic truyn dn trong downlink: S dng yu t ny ca

LTE Comp, d liu c truyn n cc UE ng thi t mt s cc eNB khc nhau. Mc
ch l nng cao cht lng tn hiu nhn c v n nh. N cng c th c mc ch
ch ng hy b s can thip ng truyn c dnh cho UE khc. y l hnh thc phi
hp a im t mt nhu cu cao vo mng backhaul (l mng kt ni, truyn ti thng tin
t mt trm pht sng / mt mng t xa v mng trc / mng trung tm, backhaul l phn
kt ni t nh cung cp n BTS (trm thu pht) v gia cc BTS vi nhau ) v d liu c
truyn n cc UE cn c gi ti mi eNB rng s c truyn n ti UE. iu ny c
th d dng tng gp i hoc gp ba s lng d liu trong mng ph thuc vo bao nhiu
19 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

eNB s gi d liu. Thm vo , x l d liu cn phi c gi gia tt c cc eNB tham
gia vo khu vc Comp.

Lp k hoch phi hp v hay beamforming: S dng khi nim ny, d liu n mt UE

duy nht c truyn t mt eNB. . Cc quyt nh lp k hoch cng nh bt k nhng tia
sng c phi hp kim sot nhiu sng c th c to ra cc li th ca phng php
ny l cc yu cu phi hp trn mng backhaul c gim ng k v hai l do:

UE d liu khng cn phi c truyn t nhiu eNB, v do ch cn c hng dn n

mt eNB.

Quyt nh lp k hoch ch v cc chi tit ca nhnh cn c phi hp gia nhiu eNB.

2.2.3. Uplink LTE COMP

Phn tip nhn v x l: Khi nim c bn ng sau nh dng ny l s dng anten cc

v ch khc nhau. Bng cch phi hp gia cc eNB khc nhau c th to thnh mt mng
anten o. Cc tn hiu nhn c bi cc eNB sau c kt hp v x l to ra cc tn
hiu u ra cui cng. K thut ny cho php cc tn hiu m cht lng hoc mt n rt
thp bng cch can thip vo mt s khu vc c nhn vi mt vi li. Nhng bt li
chnh vi k thut ny l mt lng ln d liu cn phi c chuyn giao gia cc eNB
my hot ng.

Lp k hoch phi hp: Chng trnh ny hot ng bng cch phi hp cc quyt nh
lp k hoch gia cc eNB gim thiu s can thip.
Nh trong trng hp ca downlink, nh dng ny cung cp mt ti gim nhiu trong
cc mng backhaul bi v ch c cc d liu lch cn c chuyn giao gia cc eNodeB
khc nhau c phi hp vi nhau.
2.2.4. Yu cu tng th cho LTE COMP
Mt trong nhng yu cu quan trng cho LTE l n s c th cung cp mt mc
rt thp ca tr. Vic x l b sung cn thit cho nhiu ni tip nhn v truyn ti c th
thm ng k cho bt k s chm tr. iu ny c th l kt qu ca s cn thit cho vic x
l b sung cng nh cc thng tin lin lc gia cc v tr khc nhau.
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

2.3. K thut cc nt chuyn tip trong LTE-A

2.3.1. Gii thiu v k thut cc nt chuyn tip ( Relay Node )
Vic s dng bng thng cao cho LTE Advance c th gim mt ph cng sut kh
dng v thm ch ph rng s ch kh dng ti cc bng tn cao v iu ny ng ngha vi
suy hao cao. Cc thu bao yu cu cc dch v tc s liu cao thng c t trong nh
v phi chu cng tn hiu thp v sng v tuyn phi xm nhp qua cc tng ngn ca
ta nh. chng li cc nh hng ny v m bo thng lng n nh trn ton mng,
cc nt pht cn c t gn cc ngi s dng hn t c tc x l cao hn. K
thut cc nt chuyn tip (RN: Relay Node) ra i khng ch h tr cho php lp t n
gin m cn l gii php kinh t cho cc trin khai mt cao v khng cn ng trc hu
tuyn. C th t c thng lng cao trn cc ng truy nhp v tuyn nh RN gn
v vng ph sng nh hn ca n. ng trc t RN n eNodeB cng c hng li t
v tr RN tt hn so vi UE c phc v v v th cho php eNodeB thng qua RN cung
cp vng ph sng tt hn vi hiu sut ph tn cao hn.
2.3.2. Cc loi nt chuyn tip v cch thc hot ng
a. Chuyn tip lp 1
Chuyn tip lp 1 ch s dng cc b lp. Cc b lp thu tn hiu, khuych i v pht
li thng tin ch ph cc l en trong cc . Cc u cui c th s dng tn hiu c
pht lp v tn hiu trc tip. Tuy nhin kt hp hai tn hiu ny mt cch c li, tr thu
gia chng phi nh hn thi gian CP ( tin t ).
u im: + Chc nng n gin, lp t khng tn km. Tiu chun k thut s dng t
( ch s dng hiu sut ca b lp c nh ngha LTE-R8 )
Nhc im: Nhiu b khuych i ng thi cng tn hiu pht.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.9. Chuyn tip lp 1

b. Chuyn tip lp 2
Trong chuyn tip lp hai bao gm hai lp MAC v RLC, nt chuyn tip c kh nng
iu khin t nht mt b phn ca khi RRM ( qun l ti nguyn v tuyn). Trong mt s
khe, nt chuyn tip hot ng nh mt u cui ca ngi s dng ng vai tr mt BTS
pht n nhiu ngi s dng trong khe tip theo.V cn bn RN lp 2 s hot ng ging
nh mt eNodeB bnh thng bao gm c lp biu v qun l ti nguyn, nhng ng trc
c thc hin bi mt ng truyn LTE n eNodeB bng cch s dng mt bng tn b
sung ( ngoi bng ) hay cng bng ( trong bng ) cho ng truy nhp ny. Phng php
th hai cng thng c s dng v n khng cn cp php tn s b sung v khng cn
cch ly cao i vi t nhiu nh vic s dng phn cch TDMA gia pht RN n cc u
cui v thu t eNodeB ( mt gii php n gin cho phn cch TDMA l RN dnh trc
mt s khung MBSFN). Khung con MBSFN cho php truyn dn khng lin tc t
eNodeB.
u im:

+ Loi b c nhiu

Nhc im: + Tr xy ra gia qu trnh iu ch /gii iu ch m ha/gii m

+ Phng thc iu khin v tuyn c t gia BS v nt chuyn
tip RN
22 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.10. Chuyn tip lp 2

c. Chuyn tip lp 3
L phng php s dng truy nhp v tuyn ca LTE trong ng trc v tuyn ni
mt eNodeB vi mt eNodeB khc. EnodeB gia, nh tuyn cc gi gia ng trc hu
tuyn v v tuyn ging nh mt Ip router. Chuyn tip loi 3 cng thc hin tip gii iu
ch v gii m ha ca tn hiu v tuyn RF tip nhn trn ng xung t trm gc nhng
sau cng thc hin x l (mt m ha (Ciphering), s ghp ni/ phn chia/ rp li d liu
ngi dng User-data) truyn li d liu ngi dng trn giao din v tuyn v cui cng
thc hin gii m ha v iu ch v truyn n thit b ngi dng UE.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.11. Chuyn tip lp 3

u im : + Gim thiu nhiu
+ Tc ng ti cc tiu chun k thut khng ng k.
2.3.3. Cc vn lin quan n trin khai nt chuyn tip RN
2.3.3.1. Th tc khi ng trm chuyn tip Relay
Khi 1 trm chuyn tip mi c trin khai trong mng, n s t ng gn n vo mng
di ng. Th tc ny da trn th tc thit b ngi dng UE thng thng kt ni vo
mng. C 2 phn trong th tc khi ng ca trm chuyn tip.
Giai on th nht: nt chuyn tip Relay to ra kt ni RRC ti trm gc EnodeB v
lin kt vi chnh n nh l mt thit b ngi dng UE thng thng cu hnh khi to.
Giai on th hai: nt chuyn tip Relay kt ni n trm gc (BS) la chn t danh
sch trong gian on u tin. Cc nt chuyn tip Relay s gi mt ch s chuyn tip n
trm gc (BS) trong qu trnh thit lp kt ni RRC.
2.3.3.2. Th tc UE lin kt
C 2 trng hp lin quan n th tc lin kt UE vo trm chuyn tip.
Trng hp th nht UE ban u lin kt vi trm Relay khi khi ng v trng hp
khc l UE ban u lin kt vi trm gc sau khi khi ng, v by gi n cn lin kt vi
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

trm chuyn tip sau khi la chn li vng ph Cell trong trng thi RRC IDLE. Trong
trng hp u tin, vic hon thnh kt ni logic S1 lin kt vi UE ti mng li c thc
hin do 1 thit lp kt ni RRC c kch hot bi 1 nt chuyn tip.
Trng hp hai thuc v loi di ng LTE trong trng thi RRC IDLE. Tt c cc th
tc di ng LTE trong trng thi RRC-IDLE c thc hin c lp trong UE.
2.3.3.3. Th tc chuyn giao
a. Chuyn giao t trm Relay n trm gc EnodeB
Da trn bo co o c trn UE, nt chuyn tip quyt nh c nn bt u mt chuyn
giao hay khng. Nu c, nt chuyn tip Relay s la chn mt mc tiu Cell ph cho UE.
Sau , Relay s gi bn tin yu cu chuyn giao ti trm EnodeB. EnodeB s tm mc tiu
EnodeB t bn tin v chuyn tip bn tin hng ti EnodeB. Sau khi tip nhn bn tin bo
nhn ACK yu cu chuyn giao, nt chuyn tip gi mt lnh chuyn giao ti UE. UE sau
s tch ra v ng b vi mc tiu EnodeB.
b. Chuyn giao t EnodeB ti Relay
Trong trng hp chuyn giao t EnodeB n Relay, th tc ca n ging nh chuyn
giao t ngun EnodeB n mc tiu EnodeB khc. T quan im ca UE, Relay ging nh
mt EnodeB. UE thng bo o lng ca n ti ngun EnodeB. Ngun EnodeB s quyt
nh chuyn giao ti trm Relay.Sau trng thi chuyn giao c thc hin, yu cu
chuyn giao c gi n trm Relay thng qua EnodeB.Nu trm chuyn tip Relay c th
chp nhn UE, mt bn tin c chuyn ti UE bt u chuyn giao. D liu ng
xung n ti EnodeB ngun ti UE c truyn n trm Relay.
2.3.4. Cc u im v nhc im trong vic s dng trm chuyn tip Relay
a. Cc u im
+ Mc ch chnh ca gii php Relay l cung cp tc d liu nh h tr cc dch
v d liu cao hn.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

+ RNs tng cng thng lng trn ton mng bng cch s dng hiu qu cc tin ch
ngun ti nguyn mng.
+ RNs ang l 1 gii php chi ph trin khai hiu qu, ang c nhiu nh iu hnh
mng quan tm.
+ RN mang li li ng k cho ch s SINR thng qua k hoch mng hp l.
b. Cc nhc im
+ Trong chuyn tip, DenodeB s dng mt vng ti nguyn v tuyn chung mt trong
3 lin kt: lin kt trc tip (UEs n DenodeB), lin kt Relay (t DenodeB n Relay) v
lin kt truy nhp (t UEs n trm Relay). Hn na, trong chuyn tip trong bng, lin kt
Relay v lin kt truy nhp s dng chung ti nguyn v tuyn thng qua s dng k thut
ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian (TMA), do n cng lm gim hiu sut ca RN.
+ Cc RN c bn knh vng ph nh do cng sut pht thp, li anten thp v tn
hao ng truyn cao theo s m.
+ Cc RN cng cn c ti nguyn v tuyn cho cc ng kt ni Relay, kt ni
vi DenodeB.
+ RN cng l nguyn nhn gy ra tr h thng trong qu trnh x l tn hiu trc khi
truyn i.
2.3.5.Truy nhp v tuyn cho cc trm chuyn tip Relay.
Mt gii php l s dng mng tn s n l Muticast /Broadcast (MBSFN), cu
hnh cc khung con trong cc khung con tip nhn bi trm chuyn tip tip nhn tn hiu t
trm gc (BS). Trong phng php ny mt tn hiu tham kho v cc tn hiu iu khin
Relay loi 1/ Relay loi 2 c t ti rt nhiu pha trc ca khung con, ch chim 2 k t.
Trong phng php ny mt thit b ngi dng UE c th nhn ra rng khng c d liu
truyn t trm chuyn tip trong 1 khung con ca chnh n trong cc trm chuyn tip
tip nhn cc tn hiu t trm gc. Ti 1 thi im ging nh vy, thit b ngi dng UE c
th o cng tn hiu RF tip nhn t trm chuyn tip Relay so vi tn hiu tham kho
trong 2 k t u tin ti pha trc khu nh.
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.12. Cu hnh khung v tuyn cho cc trm chuyn tip

2.3.6. Giao thc v tuyn cho cc trm truyn tip Relay
Trong cng ngh chuyn tip loi 3, Trn thc t, trm chuyn tip c trang b giao
thc hi t gi d liu (PDCP) v mt m ha v nn tiu cho d liu ngi dng. Giao
thc iu khin kt ni v tuyn (RLC) iu khin truyn li bi ARQ. S trng hp/ phn
khc/ rp li cho khi d liu dch v (SDU) v trnh t gi tin tip nhn.Giao thc iu
khin truy nhp trung bnh (MAC) cho HARQ v s d liu ngi dng v giao thc
iu khin ngun v tuyn cho di ng, cht lng dch v (QoS) v iu khin bo mt.
Thm vo khi qun l ng kt ni backhaul v kt ni truy nhp v tuyn trn
cng tn s c miu t nh trn. Qun l vic ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM
c yu cu gia hai kt ni trn vic yu cu iu khin v tuyn lin kt. iu ny c
hon tt bi cung cp 1 phng php cho vic nh v ngun ti nguyn ti kt ni v tuyn
backhaul.

2.4. K thut cng gp sng mang - Sng mang thnh phn (CC)
Vic cng gp sng mang l mt trong nhng tnh nng quan trng nht ca LTEA phin bn 10 tng tng bng thng c sn cho mt thit b di ng v do t
c tc bit ti a. Trong LTE, thng thng ch c th truyn ti d liu nh s
dng cc on ph tn s lin k c rng ti a l 20MHz. Cn trong LTE-Advanced,
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

cng ngh cng gp sng mang cho php kt hp nhng knh nh hay cn gi l sng
mang trn cc bng tn khc nhau, tch bit thnh mt knh cc ln, do v c bn
c th tng tc d liu kh dng cho mi khch hng ln nhiu ln. Mi sng mang
kt hp gi l mt sng mang thnh phn CC (Component Carrier), sng mang thnh
phn c th c bng thng 1,4 MHz; 3 MHz; 5 MHZ; 10 MHz; 15MHz hoc 20 MHz.
Chun LTE-Advanced cho php nh mng kt hp ti a nm sng mang vi bng thng
20MHz thnh mt knh c bng thng 100MHz cao gp nm ln bng thng ca LTE
thng thng.

Hnh 2.13a. Cng gp sng mang

Phng php c chp nhn m rng bng thng trong LTE Advance l kt hp
sng mang ( Carrier Aggregation ) bng cch t cnh nhau cc sng mang tng thch LTE
R8 ( hay CC: Component Carrier: sng mang phn t ) trn cng mt li sng mang c
th s dng cc thao tc IFFT/FFT n gin. Cc CC ( phn t sng mang) c th c kt
hp: (1) trong cng mt bng, (2) gia cc bng khc nhau, (3) lin tc hoc khng lin tc.

28 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 2.13b:Cch kt hp cc CC (Component Carier)

S ny hon ton tng thch ngc vi LTE R8 v th u cui ca LTE R8 hon
ton c th truy nhp vo mt sng mang con thnh phn.
V OFDM c s dng chung cho c ng xung nn phng php kt hp sng
mang ch n gin l m rng kch thc ca FFT trong phn bng gc. Tuy nhin trn
ng ln s SC-FDMA ca LTE R8 khng cho php m rng bng thng n gin, v
th mi sng mang phn t s c mt DTF ring trc khi n IFFT pht. Kiu kt hp
sng mang ny s hi tng PARP ng ln so vi R8 tuy nhin vn duy tr n thp hn
OFDMA, v vy m bo ch tng ti thiu tiu th cng sut u cui.
V phn n nh ti nguyn trong eNodeB v tng thch ngc, ch cn cc thay i
ti thiu trong c t lp biu, MIMO, thch ng ng truyn c HARQ c thc hin
trn nhm sng mang 20MHz. Chng hn ngi s dng thu thng tin trong bng thng 100
MHz s cn 5 my thu vi mi my cho mt bng thng 20 MHz.
Kt hp s liu cho cc song mang phn t c th c thc hin ti lp MAC hoc lp
vt l. Tuy nhin kt hp ti lp vt l i hi phi thc hin HARQ cho s liu c kt
hp thay v thc hin HARQ cho tng thnh phn s liu v th kt hp ti lp MAC hiu
qu v linh hot hn.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hinh 2.14. Cc s kt hp s liu ti cc lp khc nhau

* Hiu nng ca k thut kt hp sng mang
Vic s dng kt hp sng mang em li li ch cho hiu nng ca h thng theo hai
cch sau:
Tc d liu nh tng ln khi thc hin kt hp ph t hai hay nhiu bng tn tn s.
Tc d liu nh theo l thuyt t vic kt hp s dng kt hp sng mang vi tng cng
ph tn 40MHz v 8 ngten c th t ti 1,2Gbps cho ng xung v 600Mbps cho
ng ln (vi cng ngh truyn dn a ngten ng ln). Vi ph tn 100MHz v 5 sng
mang c kt hp, tc d liu c th t n 3Gbps cho ng xung v 1,5Gbps cho
ng ln.
Tng thng lng trung bnh ca ngi dng, c bit khi s lng ngi dng l qu
ln. Lp lch sng mang chung trong Nt B pht trin cho php s la chn sng mang ti
u do dn n hiu nng tt nht v cn bng ti tt nht gia cc sng mang.

2.5. K thut a u vo, a u ra MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

MIMO cho php cc trm thu pht v K thut a u vo, a u ra MIMO cc
thit b di ng gi v nhn d liu bng nhiu ng-ten. LTE c h tr phn no MIMO
30 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

nhng ch cho chiu ti xung. Ngoi ra chun ny cn gii hn s lng ng-ten mc

ti a l 4 b pht pha trm thu pht v 4 b thu thit b di ng. LTE-Advanced th
cho php ti a 8 cp thu pht chiu ti xung v 4 cp chiu ti ln.
MIMO thc hin hai chc nng:

mi trng khng dy kh nng xy ra can nhiu cao nh ti ra cc cell hoc

trong mt t ang di chuyn, cc b pht v thu s phi hp vi nhau tp trung tn
hiu v tuyn vo mt hng c th. Chc nng to bp sng (beamforming) ny gip
cho tn hiu thu c mnh ln m khng cn phi tng cng sut pht.

Khi cng tn hiu mong mun mnh cn tn hiu nhiu yu, nh khi ngi
dng ng yn v gn trm pht th MIMO c th c dng lm tng tc d
liu hay tng s lng ngi dng m khng phi dng thm ph tn s. K thut ny
c tn l ghp knh khng gian (spatial multiplexing) gip nhiu lung d liu c
truyn i cng lc, trn cng tn s sng mang. V d, mt trm thu pht vi 8 b pht
c th truyn ng thi 8 lung tn hiu ti mt my in thoi c 8 b thu. Do mi
lung d liu ti mi b thu c hng, cng v thi gian hi khc nhau mt cht
nn cc thut ton x l trong my c th kt hp chng vi nhau v da vo nhng
khc bit ny tm ra cc lung d liu gc. Thng thng th ghp knh theo khng
gian c th lm tng tc d liu t l thun vi s c p ng-ten thu pht. Do v y,
trong trng hp kh quan nht, 8 c p thu pht c th tng tc d li u ln khong 8
ln.
2.5.1. MIMO ng xung (Downlink ) trong LTE-A
2.5.1.1. K thut ng xung MU-MIMO
Trn ng xung cc s MU-MIMO (Multi-user MIMO: MIMO a ngi s
dng) c nghin cu m bo mc linh hot lp biu min tn s cao hn v tng
cng trit nhiu a ngi s dng. Cc phng php trit nhiu cng c nghin cu,
bao gm c vic lm cho u cui bit c nhiu gy ra do ngi s dng cng chia s tp
ti nguyn truyn dn cng nh ci thin tin m ha pha pht. Pht trin s MIMO ln
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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

n 8 anten pht ti enodeB cng c nghin cu cho ng xung so vi cc i ch 4
anten pht trong LTE R8. Vic h tr 8 anten i hi nghin cu thit k mi i vi k
hiu tham chun v phn hi trng thi knh.
Khi tng t 4 ln 8 anten, hu nh khng th tng bc phn tp khi xt n cc sai li
c tnh knh. V th cc s phn tp pht ca LTE Advance s s dng li cc s da
trn SFBC (Space Frequency Block Code) v FSTD (Frequency Switch Transmit Diversity)
t LTE R8. iu ny c thc hin bng cch sp xp 8 anten vt l ln 4 anten o vi
chuyn i trong sut (CDD).
2.5.1.2. K thut ng xung SU-MIMO
t c hiu sut ph nh ng 30bit/s/Hz. Yu cu cao hn vi SU-MIMO l
iu cn thit. Do cn phi tng s lp truyn dn ca SU-MIMO trong LTE-A ln 8 lp.
S lng cc lp truyn dn c la chn bng cch thch ng cp bc. Vn quan trng
nht vi giao din v tuyn trong vic h tr ln n 8 lp l cu trc RS s dng o CQI
v gii iu ch PDSCH ( knh vt l chia s ng xung ). Lin quan n vn ny, cc
nh nghin cu nht tr khai thc LTE Advance 8 Tx s c xy dng trn c s chia
cc tn hiu tham chun thnh cc CSI-RS (Channel State Information RS: RS thng tin
trng thi knh ) v RS gii iu ch, trong CSI-RS o trng thi knh s c pht
tha trnh tng bng thng b sung. Khai thc ny l kh thi vi gi thit tc di ng
thp.
Trong s DL SU-MIMO vi cu hnh 8 X, hai khi truyn ti c th truyn
n UE c lp biu. Mi khi truyn ti c n nh mt s iu ch v m ha
ring. Mt bit ACK/NACK phn hi ng ln c s dng cho mi khi truyn ti. Mi
khi truyn ti tng ng vi mt t m. Ti a 8 lp c s dng, i vi s lp t 4 tr
xung, qu trnh sp xp t m ln lp cng ging nh LTE R8.
i vi s lp ln hn 4 v cc trng hp sp xp mt t m ln ba hoc 4 lp (
pht li mt hoc hai t m cho trng hp pht ban u ln hn 4 lp ) qu trnh sp xp
t m vo lp c thc hin theo bng 10.3, trong d q(i) k hiu cho k hiu iu ch th
i ca t m q, Xl( i ) l k hiu th I ca lp th l, N q k hiu cho s k hiu iu ch trn
m th q v Nl k hiu cho s k hiu iu ch trn lp th l ..
32 | P a g e

S
S t m,
lp,
Q
CcLphn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Sp xp t m vo lp
i=0,1,,N0-1

X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 3i )

X 1 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+1 )

N i=N 0 /3

X 2 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+2 )
X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 4 i )

X 1 ( i ) =d 0 ( 4 i+1 )

N i=N 0 / 4

X 2 ( i ) =d 0 ( 4 i+2 )
X 3 ( i )=d 0 ( 4 i+3 )
X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 2i )
X 1 ( i ) =d 0 (2 i+1 )

N i=N 0 /2=N 1 /3

X 2 ( i ) =d 1 ( 3 i )
X 3 ( i )=d 1 ( 3 i+1 )
X 4 ( i )=d1 ( 3 i+2 )
X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 3i )
X 1 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+1 )

N i=N 0 /3=N 1 / 3

X 2 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+2 )
X 3 ( i )=d 1 ( 3 i )
X 4 ( i )=d1 ( 3 i+1 )
X 5 ( i )=d 1 ( 3 i+2 )
X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 3i )
X 1 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+1 )

N i=N 0 /3=N 1 / 4

X 2 ( i ) =d 0 (3 i+2 )

X 3 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i )
X 4 ( i )=d1 ( 4 i+1 )
X 5 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i+2 )
X 6 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i+3 )
X 0 ( i )=d 0 ( 4 i )
X 1 ( i ) =d 0 ( 4 i+1 )
X 2 ( i ) =d 0 ( 4 i+2 )

8
33 | P a g e

X 3 ( i )=d 0 ( 4 i+3 )
X 4 ( i )=d1 ( 4 i )
X 5 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i+1 )
X 6 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i+2 )
X 7 ( i )=d 1 ( 4 i+3 )

N i=N 0 / 4=N 1 /4

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Bng 2.1. Sp xp t m vo lp

CW: Code word

Hnh 2.15. S sp xp t m vo lp
Ngoi phn tp pht, cc s MIMO vng h v vng kn, cc k thut to bup
tng cng cng c nghin cu cho ng xung ca LTE Advanced.
i vi cu hnh vi hai v 4 anten, bng m cho tin m ha ca LTE Advanced
cng ging nh cc bng m LTE R10. i vi cu hnh 8 phng php anten bng m
kp c s dng. Trong phng php bng m kp, tin m ha nhn c bng cch
nhn cc ma trn W1 vi ma trn W2, trong W1 l ma trn ng cho khi ph hp
vi vi ma trn ng phng sai ca thit lp cu hnh anten phn cc kp v W2 l la
chn anten v ma trn ng pha. Cu hnh ny m bo hiu nng tt cho c cc knh
tng quan khng gian cao v thp.

2.5.2. MIMO ng ln ( Uplink ) trong LTE-A

K thut ng ln SU-MIMO
34 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Trn ng ln, SU-MIMO (Single user MIMO: MIMO n ngi s dng ) c
coi l mt trong s cc k thut then cht m bo ci thin ng k thng lng ngi
s dng ti bin so vi LTE R8 cng nh hiu sut ph nh trung bnh. UE trong
LTE-Advance c c t vi cu hnh 4 anten pht.
Ty thuc vo s lp truyn dn, cc k hiu iu ch lin quan n tng khi
truyn ti s c sp xp ln mt hoc hai lp theo nguyn l ging nh LTE-R8 SUMIMO ng xung. Cp hng truyn dn c th kch ng ng. C th lp cu hnh
UL SU-MIMO ng xung c hoc khng c chuyn dch lp. Trong trng hp dch
chuyn lp, chuyn dch c thc hin trong min thi gian. Nu chuyn dch c lp
cu hnh, cc HARQ-ACK c gp chung vo mt HARQ-ACK. Mt bit ACK/NACK
c pht n UE ty theo cc khi truyn ti c pht thnh cng hay tht bi. Nu
chuyn dch lp khng c lp cu hnh, mi khi truyn ti c ring mt phn hi bo
hiu ACK/NACK.
Tin m ha c thc hin theo bng m quy nh trc. Nu chuyn dch lp
khng c lp cu hnh, tin m ha c thc hin sau sp xp lp. Nu chuyn dch
lp c lp cu hnh, tin m ha c thc hin sau thao tc chuyn dch lp. Mi
sng mang phn t c p dng mt ma trn tin m ha. Trong trng hp cp hng
y , ma trn tin m ha l ma trn n v

Ch s bng
m, i

[]

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

1 1
2 1

1 1 0
2 0 1

1 1
2 1

1 1 1
2 1 1

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
1 1
2 j

1 1 1
2 j j

35 | P a g e

S lp L

1 1
2 j

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

[]
[ ]

1 1
2 0

1 0
2 1

Bng 2.1. Bng m tin m ha 3 bit cho UL SU-MIMO vi hai anten

36 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Ch s
bng
m
T 0
n 7

Bng m

[ ] [] [ ] [ ] [] [] [ ] [ ]
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
[] [ ] [] [ ] [] [ ] [] [ ]

1
1 1
2 1
1

1
1 1
2 j
j

1
1 1
2 1
1

1
1 1
2 j
j

1
1 j
2 1
j

1
1 j
2 j
1

1
1 j
2 1
j

1
1 j
2 j
1

T 8
n 15

1
1 1
2 1
1

1
1 1
2 j
j

1
1 1
2 1
1

1
1 1
2 j
j

1
1 j
2 1
j

1
1 j
2 j
1

1
1 j
2 1
j

1
1 j
2 j
1

T 16
n 23

1
1 0
2 1
0

1
1 0
2 1
0

1
1 0
2 j
0

1
1 0
2 j
0

0
1 1
2 0
1

0
1 1
2 0
1

0
1 1
2 0
j

0
1 1
2 0
j

Bng 10.6. Bng m tin m ha 6 bit cho UL SU-MIMO vi 4 anten

Cc u cui SU-MIMO c xy dng trn s phn tp pht vng h khi vic
thu thp thng tin trng thi knh khng th hoc khng kh thi. V th hiu nng tt ca
cc s phn tp pht vng h trong cc iu kin knh khc nhau l rt quan trng
m bo ph sng v dung ln ngi s dng cho cc u cui SU-MIMO. Mt trong
cc tnh nng then cht i vi cc s phn tp pht ng ln l khi cn thit c th
s dng cng sut pht t tt c cc b khuch i cng sut kh dng.
Phn tp pht vng kn (CL) ngha l tin m ha lung n vi ch th vecto tin
m ha do enodeB quyt nh l mt s tt pht knh s liu t cc u cui SUMIMO c nhiu anten v b khuch i cng sut ca LTE-Advance. Phn tp pht
vng kn c k vng s ci thin thng lng trung bnh ca ngi s dng. Phn tp
pht vng kn vt tri so vi phn tp pht vng h trong cc iu kin di ng thp c
m bo phn hi nhanh.
Ghp knh khng gian a lung c k vng s ci thin thng lng trung bnh
ca ngi s dng v tc s liu nh ng ln. Tng t nh truyn dn n
lung, cc s ghp knh khng gian a lung i hi cc thit k lin quan n nhau
vi cc ma trn tin m ha v cc k hiu tham chun, cc qu trnh x l HARQ, sp
xp lp v tn hiu iu khin.

37 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

CHNG 3. NG GI HIU NNG H THNG LTE-A

3.1.

nh gi hiu nng

M phng my tnh ca h thng in thoi di ng l mt cng c rt mnh nh gi

hiu nng h thng. Thc t hiu sut c th c o lng v nh gi trong mt h thng
c trin khai v cc gi tr i din cho hiu sut trong mt cu hnh h thng nht
nh. Nhng m phng my tnh c mt vi li th:
C th nh gi c h thng cha c trin khai v h thng ang pht trin.
C y nh hng ca mi trng, bao gm cc thng s lan truyn, giao thng,
b tr h thng v tm ra ngun gc ca tt c cc thng s nh hng n kt qu.
Kim sot tt th nghim so snh khi nim h thng tng t hoc cc b phn ca
cc khi nim c th c thc hin trong iu kin lp li.
Mc d u im, kt qu m phng r rng l khng a ra mt bc tranh y v
hot ng ca mt h thng. N l khng th m hnh ha tt c cc kha cnh ca mi
trng di ng v m hnh ng hnh vi ca tt c cc thnh phn trong mt h thng.
Tuy nhin, mt hnh nh rt tt v hiu sut h thng c th t c v n thng c th
c s dng tm cc gii hn tim nng thc hin. Do kh khn trong m hnh ha
tt c cc kha cnh lin quan, cc bin php cng sut tng i cho cc tnh nng gii
thiu s c chnh xc hn s v nng lc tuyt i, nu mt m hnh tt c gii thiu
cc tnh nng trong cu hi.
Rt kh khn nh gi nng sut ca mt h thng l m khng c s so snh, k t
khi hiu nng h thng t n khng cung cp nhiu thng tin. Trong khi so snh l mt
thnh phn quan trng trong vic nh gi hiu sut, n cng lm cho s hiu sut l mt
vn gy tranh ci, v hiu sut h thng ph thuc vo rt nhiu thng s. Nu thng s
khng c la chn thch hp cung cp cho iu kin tng ng vi hai h thng, s
hiu sut s khng th so snh.
Trong bi cnh ny, n cng l iu cn thit a vo tnh ton m hiu nng h
thng v kh nng s c trang b ph thuc. Nhiu tnh nng nh MIMO v k thut ng
ten tin tin c gii thiu trong 3G (HSPA) v h thng 4G (LTE) kh ging nhau gia
cc h thng. Nu mt tnh nng no l mt la chn kh thi cho mt s h thng c
nh gi song song, tnh nng nn c bao gm trong vic nh gi cho tt c cc h
thng.
38 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Bt k s hiu sut m phng cn phi c xem xt trong bi cnh thc hin mng li
pht thanh thc t s ph thuc vo nhiu thng s m kh c th kim sot hay m hnh
ha, bao gm:
Mi trng di ng, bao gm c iu kin knh, m rng gc, tc thit b u cui, s
dng trong nh / ngoi tri v vng bo v.
Ngi s dng lin quan n cc trng thi, chng hn nh hot ng bng ging ni, phn
phi lu lng, phn phi v dch v.
H thng iu chnh v cht lng dch v v cht lng mng.
Trin khai nh v tr khu t, chiu cao ng ten cc loi v quy hoch tn s.
Ngi dng thit bi u cui (thu bao) v vn hnh h thng xc nh hiu sut kh
khc nhau. Mt mt, ngi dng mun tri nghim cc mc cao nht c th v cht
lng. Mt khc, cc nh khai thc mun ly c doanh thu ti a, v d bng cch p
cng nhiu ngi dng cng tt vo mt h thng. Tng cng hiu sut c th ci thin
cht lng dch v hay hiu nng h thng, LTE v pht trin ca n c kh nng lm
c hai so vi cc h thng 3G, LTE mang li tc d liu tt hn v chm tr ngn hn.

3.2.

Quan im ca ngi s dng thit b u cui v hiu sut

Ngi s dng cc dch v chuyn mch knh c m bo v tc d liu c

nh. Cht lng ca dch v th c mt vi bit li trong cc tn hiu nhn c.
Ngc li, khi ngi dng ti v mt trang web hoc video thng qua d liu gi tin
m t cht lng dch v trong iu kin c tr k t khi bt u ti v cho n khi trang
web hoc video c hin th. Dch v n lc nht, khng m bo mt tc d liu c
nh. Thay vo , ngi dng c phn b bt c tc d liu c sn trong iu kin
hin ti. y l mt ti nguyn chung ca mng chuyn mch gi, ti nguyn mng ny
khng dnh ring cho mi ngi dng. Cho rng s chm tr ny tng ln theo kch thc
ca cc i tng c ti v, chm tr nh hng ti cht lng dch v.
Hiu sut ca mt dch v d liu gi trong h thng di ng c th c c trng
bng cc bin php khc nhau ty thuc vo vic thc hin cc quan im. Mt ngi s
dng duy nht mt mng v tuyn trong iu kin v tuyn tt c th c c tc d liu
nh ca giao din v tuyn. Mt ngi s dng thng chia s ti nguyn v tuyn vi
ngi dng khc. Nu iu kin v tuyn l t ti u hn hoc c s can thip t nhng
ngi dng khc, tc d liu giao din v tuyn s t hn so vi tc d liu nh.
Ngoi ra, mt s gi d liu c th b mt, trong c trng hp d liu b mt phi c
39 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

truyn li, tip tc gim t l d liu hiu dng nh thy t cc lp giao thc cao hn.
Hn na, tc d liu hiu dng gim nhanh hn khi khong cch gia cc t bo tng (do
iu kin pht thanh ngho ti cc cnh t bo).
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - giao thc lp vn ti - thng c s dng
cng vi lu lng IP. Tuy nhin, do thut ton chm bt u nhy cm vi tr trong
mng, n c bit d gy chm tr cho cc tp tin nh. Cc thut ton chm bt u l c
ngha l bo m tc truyn gi tin t ngun khng vt qu kh nng ca cc nt
mng v cc giao din mng.
H thng lu lng
ca mi t bo

Truy cp
v tuyn
My

Internet
Tc d liu giao din v

Lu lng ngi s dng

tr

Hnh 3.1. nh ngha ca tc d liu cho hiu sut

tr mng, trn nguyn tc l thc o thi gian cn mt gi tin i t mt my
khch n mt my ch v ngc li, c tc ng trc tip n hiu sut vi TCP. Do ,
mt mc tiu thit k quan trng cho LTE c gim tr mng. Mt tiu chun
khc cht lng lin quan (quan im ca ngi dng u cui) lin quan n thi gian thit
lp bt u, v d, mt phin duyt web.

3.3.

Quan im ca ngi khai thc mng

Ti nguyn v tuyn cn phi c chia s khi nhiu ngi dng trong mng. Kt qu
l, tt c cc d liu phi c xp hng i trc khi n c th c truyn i, trong
hn ch tc d liu cho mi ngi dng. Mc d thc t ny, bng cch lp lch ti
nguyn v tuyn, cc nh khai thc c th ci thin thng qua h thng hoc tng s bit mi
40 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

giy truyn qua giao din v tuyn. Mt bin php ph bin ca hiu nng h thng l "hiu
qu quang ph", l thng qua h thng mi MHz ca quang ph trong mi t bo ca h
thng.
LTE s dng phng php lp k hoch thng minh ti u ha hiu sut, t c
ngi dng u cui v quan im ca ngi iu khin mng.
Mt bin php hiu sut quan trng i vi cc nh khai thc l s lng ngi dng
hot ng c th c kt ni ng thi. Cho rng ti nguyn h thng b gii hn, s c
mt s nh i gia s lng ngi dng hot ng v cht lng cm nhn dch v trong
iu kin ca ngi s dng lu lng.

3.4.

Hiu sut v tc d liu nh v tr

LTE c pht trin trong mt qu trnh m cc mc tiu thit k cho cc thng s

hiu sut ng mt vai tr quan trng. Mt mc tiu l cho tc d liu nh trn giao
din v tuyn. Cc ch tiu thit k ban u cho vic pht hnh u tin ca LTE c din
t trong 3GPP. Kh nng tiu khi hot ng trong mt phn b ph tn 20 MHz l mt tc
d liu nh l 100 Mbit /s trong ng xung v 50 Mbit/s cho ng ln.

Bng 3.1. Hiu sut ph nh LTE

Hiu sut
ph nh

Downlink
Uplink

LTE

Yu cu
ITU
(bit/s/Hz)
15
6.75

Release 8
FDD

TDD

Release 10
FDD

TDD

15.3

15.0

30.6

30.0

4.2

4.0

16.8

16.0

Gi nh hai ngten thu trong thit b u cui, mt ngten cho ng xung v mt

ngten truyn cho ng ln. Nhng con s mc tiu t c vt qu gii hn bi kh
nng tc d liu nh ca chun LTE quy nh. LTE release 8 h tr tc d liu nh
l 300 Mbit /s ng xung v 75 Mbit /s trong cc ng ln bng cch s dng ghp
knh khng gian 4 lp (4 4 MIMO) ng xung v 64 QAM trong c ng xung v
ng ln. Vi cc gi nh trong cc mc tiu thit k l ghp knh khng gian ca hai
lp - ng xung tc d liu nh l 150 Mbit / s, m vn cn cao hn ng k so vi
mc tiu ra.
41 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Cc ch tiu thit k cho LTE release 10 ("LTE-Advanced") c din t trong 3GPP
TR 36,913, da trn cc mc tiu t ra bi ITU-R. Khng c mc tiu tc d liu nh
tuyt i biu hin cho LTE release 10; thay vo c th hin tng i so vi bng
thng knh l mt hiu sut ph nh, vi mc tiu l 15 bit /s /Hz cho ng xung v 6,75
bit /s/MHz cho ng ln. LTE release 10 vt qu con s bi gii hn tt. Cc gi nh cho
vic suy lun ra s hiu sut ph nh l mt s trin khai vi 20 MHz bng thng knh, 8 8
MIMO trong ng xung, v 4 4 MIMO trong ng ln.
Cc yu cu ca ITU-R hiu qu quang ph nh cho ng xung l trong thc t
thc hin c pht hnh LTE 8, gi s 4 4 MIMO trong ng xung.

3.5.

nh gi hiu nng ca LTE Advanced

Mt phn quan trng ca LTE release 10 khuyn ngh ITU-R l mt ng c vin cho
IMT-Advanced l nh gi hiu qu v hiu sut quang ph. Cc yu cu k thut c thit
lp bi ITU-R bo co M.2134 v phng php nh gi chi tit c m t trong ITU-R
bo co M.2135.
i vi cc cng vic trn LTE release 10, 3GPP thc hin mt chin dch m phng
ln vi u vo t mt s thnh vin 3GPP. Cc con s hiu sut dn n hnh thnh mt
phn thit yu nhim v con ca LTE-Advanced l mt ng c vin cho IMT-Advanced v
c bo co chi tit trong 3GPP. Ngoi cc tiu ch nh gi ca ITU-R, mt mi trng
th nghim cao hn mc tiu hiu qu hn so vi ITU-R c nh ngha trong 3GPP.

Bng 3.2. Mi trng th nghim v cc thng s trin khai

Mi trng th nghim

Trng hp
trin khai

Trong nh

Mng t bo

Vng hot
ng c bn,
th

Hotpost trong
nh

th nh

th ln

Tc cao

Vng nng
thn

M hnh knh

InH

UMi

UMa

RMa

Tn s (GHz)

3.4

2.5

2.0

0.8

42 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Khong cch
Inter-site (m)

60

200

500

1732

Tc thit b
u cui
(km/h)

30

120

100% ngoi
tri

100% ngoi
tri

50% trong
nh,

Phn b ngi
dng

100% trong
nh

Chiu cao
ng-ten BS
(m)

10

25

35

Khuch i
ng-ten BS
(dBi)

17

17

17

Cng sut u
ra BS
(dBm/20
MHz)

21

44

49

49

Cng sut u
ra UE (dBm)

21

24

24

24

50% ngoi
tri

Vic nh gi da trn m phng h thng thi gian ng, ni ngi dng ang gim
xung mt cch c lp vi phn b ng u trn mt h thng m phng LTE vi mt s
lng ln cc . M phng bao gm chi ph cho knh iu khin v cc m hnh thi gian
ng ca cc knh thng tin phn hi. Thng tin chi tit c a ra di y. Vi mc
chi tit p dng cho m hnh cc giao thc v cc gi nh m phng s dng cho vic nh
gi c m t di y, tim nng cng ngh LTE release 10 c chng minh, ngoi vic
cho thy rng cc yu cu hiu sut IMT-Advanced c vt qu.

3.6.

Cc m hnh v gi nh

43 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Vic nh gi c thc hin trong 4 trng hp trin khai, mi trng hp tng ng
vi mt mi trng th nghim khc nhau c nh ngha bi ITU-R.
Hotpost trong nh, kch bn trin khai cho mi trng trong nh, c lp cc t bo vn
phng hoc cc im nng cho ngi dng vn phng hoc cho ngi i b, vi mt
ngi s dng cao v s dng thng lng cao.
thi nh, kch bn trin khai cho mi trng mng t bo, c nh vi vng ph sng
ngoi tri v t ngoi tri n trong nh cho ngi i b v ngi s dng xe c i chm,
c cung cp bi cc trm c s ngoi tri trn mi nh.
th ln, kch bn trin khai cho mi trng ph sng th c bn, c cc t bo ln
v ph sng lin tc cho ngi i b n ngi s dng xe c nhanh, c cung cp bi
cc trm c s ngoi tri trn mi nh.
Vng nng thn, kch bn trin khai cho mi trng tc cao, c cc t bo ln v ph
sng lin tc vi tc cao xe c v tu.

Bng 3.3. c im h thng LTE Advanced nh gi

c im chung
FDD
Phng php gi nh song cng

Phn b mt ph

TDD: Cu hnh 1, DwPTS / GP / UpPTS chiu

di thit lp 12/1/1 k hiu OFDM.
10 MHz DL + 10MHz UL cho FDD,
10MHz cho TDD
Phn cc theo chiu thng ng

Cu hnh ng ten ti BS

Cu hnh anten ti UE

ng b mng
44 | P a g e

ng-ten vi 4 (inch) hoc 0.5 (UMI, UMA,

RMA) bc sng ring bit.
Phn cc theo chiu thng ng
0.5 di bc sng ring bit.
ng b, dt khot khng dng ph hy UEUE v can thip BS-BS cho TDD

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

c im chi tit v giao din v tuyn v m hnh
B lp biu

H thng truyn dn ng
xung

H thng truyn dn ng ln
Loi my thu

iu khin cng sut ng ln

DL: T l trong thi gian v tn s phn b u

UL: Cht lng da trn ghp knh min tn s
InH: Truyn dn mode 4, vng khp kn da trn
nn tng ca cc bng m thch nghi phn cp
ghp knh khng gian
UMI, UMA, RAM: Truyn dn mode 5; phi
hp tao hnh chm tia vi MU-MIMO
1 Tx, 4Rx ng-ten, khng c MU-MIMO
Sai s bnh phng trung bnh cc tiu trong DL
v UL
M vng lp vi n b phn on mt ng,
thng s la chn theo cc trng hp trin khai,
tng ting n hiu qu di 10 dB

H thng Hybrid-ARQ

Gia tng d phng, ng b, thch nghi

Thch ng vi lin kt

Khng l tng, da trn lm tr phn hi

nh gi knh khng l tng

nh gi knh

Bo co knh trng thi khng l tng trong

ng xung, li CQI mi khi ti nguyn l N
(0,1) dB, thng tin phn hi c li ca bo co, 6
ms chm tr bo co, 5 ms chu k bo co cht
lng ng ln c tnh t PUSCH, 6 ms chm
tr, 20 ms thi gian nghe
DL: 3 OFDM k hiu cho mi khung ph
UL: 4 khi ti nguyn

iu khin knh mo u

45 | P a g e

Ma u cho cc knh iu khin chung (ng

b ha, qung b v truy cp ngu nhin; ~ 1%
cho 10 MHz) c khng c lo b

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Cc phng php m phng "thi gian ng", ni m h thng cc trm c s v

thit b u cui c m phng qua khung thi gian hn ch (20-100 giy). iu ny c
lp i lp li to ra mt s mu t c s liu thng k tin cy. i vi mi m phng,
thit b u cui c b tr ngu nhin trn mt m hnh ca mt mng v tuyn, cc knh
v tuyn gia mi trm gc v cp ng-ten thit b u cui c m phng lan truyn v
m hnh fading. Mt b m y m hnh lu lng vi mc trung bnh ca 10 ngi
dng mi t bo c gi nh. iu ny dn n h thng hot ng 100% ti trng.
Da trn thc hin knh v tc ng ca nhiu, t l tn hiu trn nhiu v tp m
(SINR) c tnh cho mi thit b u cui (hoc trm gc) ng-ten nhn c. Cc gi tr
SINR sau c nh x chn li c th xy ra cho iu ch v m ha chng trnh
lm vic cho mi ngi dng. MIMO v cc s iu ch v m ha theo chun LTE
c la chn da trn phn hi chm. Truyn li m hnh ha mt cch r rng v thng
lng ngi dng cho mi ngi dng tch cc s l s bit i ( trn lp MAC) chia cho
thi gian m phng T. S phn b ca lu lng ngi s dng gia ngi dng c s
dng nh mt c s cho vic nh gi cht lng ca ngi dng cui. Cc lu lng phc
v cho mi t bo c tnh t tng s bit nhn i cho tt c ngi dng, trung bnh qua tt
c cc t bo v chia cho thi gian m phng T. Thng k c thu thp t mi ln chy m
phng v sau thit b u cui mi c b tr ngu nhin cho cc mu tip theo.

3.7.

Tiu ch nh gi

ITU-R thch thc hai iu kin lin quan n nng lc ca cc giao din v tuyn
nh gi hiu sut ca IMT-Advanced (RITS). Th nht l hiu sut ph t bo, xc nh
quan im iu hnh, v th hai l hiu sut ph t bo bin, xc nh quan im ca ngi
dng cui.
Hiu sut ph t bo l thng lng tng hp trn tt c ngi dng, trung bnh trn tt
c cc t bo v chia bng thng knh. Cc bin php lin quan n thng lng h thng l
thc o tng ti a "nng lc" c sn trong h thng c chia s gia ngi s dng; n
c o bng bit/s/Hz/cell.
Hiu sut ph t bo c nh ngha: i l s bit nhn c mt cch chnh xc cho
ngi dng i trong mt h thng vi N ngi s dng v M t bo , l bng thng knh,
v T l thi gian m cc bit d liu c nhn.

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

N

X
i 1

T ..M

Bng 3.4. Yu cu ITU-R cho IMT-Advanced hiu sut ph

Mi trng kim tra v

Hiu sut ph t bo

Hiu sut ph t bo bin

Trng hp trin khai

thng tin

(bit/s/Hz/cell)

(bit/s/Hz/cell)

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

Uplink

InH

2.25

0.1

0.07

UMi

2.6

1.8

0.075

0.05

UMa

2.2

1.4

0.06

0.03

RMa

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.015

Hiu sut ph s dng t bo bin da trn s phn b gia ngi s dng ca thng
lng ngi s dng bnh thng, l thch thc nh thng lng s dng trung bnh
trong mt thi gian nht nh chia bng thng knh, v c o bng bit / s / Hz. Hiu sut
ph s dng t bo bin c nh ngha nh l im 5% ca hm phn phi tch ly (CDF)
ca thng lng s dng bnh thng. N mt thc o ca ngi dng cui cm nhn
"cht lng dch v", 5% s ngi s dng vi cc lu lng s dng thp nht.
Thng lng s dng bnh thng cho ngi dng i c nh ngha l:

i
i
Ti .
vi Ti l thi gian phin hot ng cho ngi dng i.

3.8.

S hiu sut cho FDD

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Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

M phng FDD, TDD v cho tt c cc mi trng th nghim c ngh cho vic
nh gi ca ITU-R. Cc con s y khng ging vi nhng con s a ra khuyn ngh
ITU-R, nhng s c xem nh l mt mu ca cc kt qu t vic nh gi.

Hnh 3.5. FDD hiu sut ph t bo v hiu sut s dng ph t bo bin, so vi

yu cu ca ITU-R.

Hnh 3.6. FDD phn b thng lng ngi dng bnh thng
3.9.

S hiu sut cho TDD

48 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

Hnh 3.7. FDD phn b SINR

Hnh 3.8. TDD hiu sut ph t bo v hiu sut s dng ph t bo bin, so vi

yu cu ca ITU-R.

Hnh 3.9. TDD phn b thng lng ngi dng bnh thng
49 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

KT LUN
Cc kt qu m phng c trnh by chng minh tim nng cao ca LTE-Advanced c
v hiu qu quang ph v li ch ca cc nh khai thc, hiu sut t bo bin cao cho ngi
dng u cui. Hiu sut c nh gi trong 4 mi trng kim tra khc nhau. Cc kt qu
cho FDD v TDD ng xung v ng ln tt c vt qu yu cu thit lp bi ITU-R
cho vic nh gi cc ng vin IMT-Advanced. Ngoi ra, tc d liu nh ca giao din
v tuyn v tr t c bng LTE p ng cc yu cu ca ITU-R.

50 | P a g e

Cc phn t cng ngh, ci tin trong LTE-A

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, 2013, Bi ging Thng tin di ng, Hc vin
Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin Thng.
2. http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/37801-vehicom-lte-linklevel-simulator
3. http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/97-lte-advanced
4. http://vntelecom.org/diendan/showthread.php?t=11084
V mt s ngun trn Internet khc.

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