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  • Garber On Descartes

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    Andres Avila
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    Garber on Descartes

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    5 vistas19 páginas

    Garber On Descartes

    Cargado por

    Andres Avila
    filosofia

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DESCARTES’ METAPHYSICAL PHYSICS DANIEL GARBER MOTION AND ITS LAWS: PART 1, PRELIMINARIES AND THE LAWS OF PERSISTENCE Iw re raevious chapter we weated motion a4 mode of body, mo- tion considered simply asthe wanaerence of 1 body fos one neg bothood of contiguous bodies and into another Inthischaptr we tara ffom motion, the elec to the ease of motion Inthe plscal wl, God, and to te avs that bodes in moson obey a test ofthe wy God causes them to move. We shall begin with sn_overview of Descartes treatment ofthe ls of motion, manly in The Word ad the nap, followed by mote detaled discwsons ofthe laws in his and the next chapter While we shall have to deal wi the way Deserts {rounds he lr in God in hese dacsuons, the question the dest ‘tion ofthe lwr of motion fromthe immutability of God will not be Taken up i fal detail un chapter 9 THe Laws of Morton. AN Ovenvinw ‘The characteristic behavior of ody, he ls governing bodies in mo- tion were of concern to Desarter a lent since his decatons with [Beechian in autumn of 1518 In his earls tempt to give a mathe= ‘mateal account of + body n fee al Beecknan ceports that Descartes proceeded in accordance wth my basi principles that i, that vacuti, something once moved aay moves” (81263 (ATX 60) Nodouts this principle, knows to Beecknan as ary a 1613 (B12, wat subject of ther dicusons as we shal se, ll ster become fone ofthe cornerstones of Descartes own theory af motion. Other likey topics of convertion ince the conservation of motion, and the tendency of dy in eeu motion to proceed in straight path, ‘question tha appear inthe Copan rota an was pray 2 ‘Wesion Beecinan suggested to Descartes in December 1618 ‘But even though the ls governing motion were important co Descartes” cares efforts he new phic twill be move than ot years Inter Before he wll atempr wo set thet out ina coherent and Ueery way and formulate arguments in their defense. Weting to ‘Mrsenne on 8 December 161) a what must have bee the eant Saget ofthe composon of The Marg, he noes that“ wil ty #0 ‘Semeonstate in my teat” dhe principle that "in 3 vacuum what is ‘once moved, ays move" the principle he had learned fom Beeck tan leven years eater (ATT®0. note a). in The Wild Descartes made good bi promise to Merseane and provided lengthy discs ofthe lv governing Bodies i motion ‘Fc lawsof motion are dacsted in chapter VIL of The Wl In chapter Vite had asked the reader to imagine God to have made anew word in the imaginary spaces ofthe pilnaphers, a word witht ci, filled with matter wahout the forse of the schoolme, mater con: ved ofa "strut body, perfect sod” (AT X1 38). Now when Cod ‘enied the word of bod, he created together ith motion: From the fist nstant in which they were crested, sme began to move one ‘irecion thes in another, some faster, others more slow (oi ‘deed f you plese, nota all) and they Continue afterwards a acco ance with the ordinary lam of mature” (AT XL 4). He continues Foc Ga as exalted hese lav 30 wonderflly well that even if we suppose that he pe the dermis of bo) oven some para ection ‘St principal sense whch we dace above sper, he ome foment ofa bodys speed income parte econ, Descartes if Toying lew expt abs the oan he about the peraence of spec The lo he perstece of soon a nha expt stands {Bhima he cls ta tal bouncing of an immobile sac il ‘nin speed Nom important he deraton ofthe aw of elle: Tonftom hismodels te fre ssrpdon tata cling ih be ‘ttc, ere nochange inte orion ericrmsaion of etal thedtcrminaton heb hasta move rom tog (AT VISES {tu Tl, Whe Descartes doe not mate ay pel oan gener principle to jus hanes tiple tht he thooght Tred nan unpre nay fom the ping of essence ti serninaaonsf motion pert unten iterfted ih then 50 Shoal the Sterinaton of tht oso agen decton 3 gen ine pert Oatcompones hat mation “freon he reia to make about the Ly ise, The tw of ours condor taner tats sate bay (noe ofenteson) these shape moun, ore wl ora unt someting nae Change, Hover the nw gies no pss acount of he conions Inte change il ocens Ta coninn tht Descartes never Yea speci in Fae Wot au Laat argue tn the Pr {Bought ideal inf ble, Desc eluent ‘tthe parca cout of Change tht cm happen Yo die == at ita hn hat arc corporeal (FH). Ths conection beeen ia Sand low |b sguled inthe Pench eso of aw, where Descartes inate ha eerytog retain th sane sate ne changed nt meet "exer causes ay he Lai version pos but "ou llsonth heres (hl oF cf Pel) ‘Wing te Merseane on 1 December 1622, Descartes ought up nis pimple of he persence sl maon, a tai htt trate hl vo demonseate fe (AT TaD note) The weaie ‘fst wa amon erin, The Wotan in The Wi Desres ESTNempt we argue forthe persstence of moon, now subsumed intoamoregencalawconcersng the portance fal sates bod {Th argument comer ser utement ofa of inpct woe secondo the tree lve he presents in The World. Descartes begins with 2 general consideration that is supposed to under both the law of| perintence of tates, law A, and the collision law B: "how, these Wo Fle follow in a obsous way fom this alone, hat God x immutable, and acting aay inthe same way, he always produces the ame eect He then goes onto give the special grou fr his fis la "th, ‘tuming that he had placed a certain quay of motions inthe ttl: liyof mater from the firs¢instant that he hadereated i we mist amit ‘athe aye conserves in jue as much, oF me would not hei that Deatapae ithe mney (ATI) then, what wil ater become Deserts conservation principle Inthe Prnalthat supposed to support the Sat iw of The Wri Tt is tay olvous that this will nat do, Preto all whatever thi argument Iight tell us about the persitence of motion, it docs not tll any "Bing about any ofthe other stats of body tht, Descartes hol lo pers though it may support the persistence ofthe special case of| foton st docs net addres the more general persistence prndple that Descartes ames in Th Wert Bu, pesaps more important it does fot even suppor the seca cave of the pestence of moton. ArT pointed out ere, the conseraon principle to which Descartes a Delt here isa ery general principe that govers the worldas a whole Bur esas nothing sal about how motion io be dsibted among invite in the word whether itis to persia individual bodies oF Shether iit eedsibute el promiscuous and arbivary fom body to body, The two principles are linkedin an obvious wa. The Conueration principle a consequence ofthe fat that once Cod {bes motion in the world, by hs immutability he is commited to ootnue the motion he ereted. The law of the perience of motion Simpy add eae the spoon ereted pert inthe bod that has “ules something causes to change. But chou Unked, they are not linked dedurtnehy one cannot deive the persistence of motion fom ‘he conservation prinalple as Descartes suggests in The Nor. ‘However the dciion of perstencein The Word oggeat another Aid of argument, an angumene suggested by de very general with ‘which the law ie stated there. Descartes eal interest i inthe special “ase of motion inthe prsstence ofthat particular at of body Now, there are many sates of body, ke se, shape, and rest that auryne ‘would ndiit pet unlem caused to change, Descartes, I think, was [Eeemptingtosrgue forthe lw of pereitence of motion, slant which ihe had appesied many tines in his eater wotngs, by making that ‘ontroverial law atrial consequence ofa broader Bt wil atcepted principle, and The Wels, mocking those who would except motion Eom tne general lw of the perstence of wate Loumediatey afer stain aw A he contra the treatment of mation hes developing for the nex word he eating withthe way motion irate in he “ol ‘word the word of te schools No one docs not belive that disse rule n't observed in the ‘ld world with regard to se abape, rex and a thousand other Similar things. Bt he philosophers have excepted motion. ‘But don’ think, on actoune of that that T deze to contradict, ‘hen the motion of which they speak very afferent than tht hie conceive. (ATXI 38-38) esartes goes onto poke fun at the scholastic conception of motion, their definion of movon, the rites of motion tat they recognize, land contat with sow geomet conception of acl motion, st we examined in chapter 8 But one comment he makes about the ‘choles expecially leant othe seve at had ‘And nally the motion they speak of has such a stange nature, ‘hat unlike other things, whieh have thee petection a8 gal, nd ry oni to conserve themselves, [their motion) has no foal trex. and contrary tall ofthe laws of matre, rer to deseoy ‘uel Baton the other haod, [the motion] Lassume follows the ‘ne ls ware tae allo the postions and qualities found fe matter in general follow. (AT X10) Al oer properties of body tend to persist. Why, Descartes suggest, ‘Should we make an excepton of motion? Why should aio sone tend toward sown desrtion and reduction ot oppo rex? "Whovis rhc in Te Horlsbecomes the ft argument i he period ofthe Pinapla. ha The Ward the perstence of moon Precnted ara comequence ofa more general principle, the pers {ihc of al vats in bodies (a lean intra ey ae simple and “ude? And sfartobistrestment in The WsDevcartes peaks inn thre wo woud except motion fom this in, aeibuting he ‘cae now fo te rss the sence and the ah jodgments af th: Arn The rd Descartes polns out that tose who ecept mo- Ton fom the general principle othe perstence of ates hold that “ftotonl cease oftheir owe satire, of tend award reve BU his, indeed, greatly opposed to the lam of nate. Fr ret kc to ‘ovon, snd mong cm, fom town nature, proceed ond om Conta or toward ow destruction” (Pr 137). But when Deseartes Spelt te nay of Gt prove the, its the bw 9 tit the general principe of the persstence ofall propriate ate, ‘ht he means to prove, and nota the special case of magn. Ths is tot enrcly carn Be sctont he Bono here lw 1 pre no sented and defended, Buti comes out quite expil in a leuer wo Mersenne from 26 Api 1643: Descartes ges Mersenae the law i sos general form, "everything that sof exis avays remains i the Sie sate that I, ubles something external changes i.” He then 1 prove this though metaphsic, For since God who ithe cre- ‘Mor ofall igs feats perfect snd eumutabe, seem Dugnant to me that any simple thing that exit and, conse- ‘que, of whieh God ma the eretor ha Suef the principle Fis own dextuction. (ATH 649 [ 136]) ‘The consideration Descartes explily put forward wih respec 16 ‘motion both in The Wild and in the Pring, that a sate should not tend tard its own oppose, coward its own destucton i presented here ar he general consideration on which the general ares, Put Pontnely, Descartes hold that Gots immutabity and constancy of Sperauion entais that fan indduat boy isin 3 patel sae, hen Cla l sustain hat body i hat state unless there a reavon exter to thatbody fr altering the sate. Later in chapter 9, we hall exanine Jn more deal the way n which divine immabily syppor the and the other avs Descartes poste or Descartes, inthe end, the persistence ofthe state of motion would vem to depend om te yppeation state of rest. This closely Connected with point argued in chapter 6 There Temphaised the inportane to Descres of taking maton a genuine most of boty rode of extended subetance everything i to be explicable in ters hrmotion ale then motion mas be a genie wade of enended Substance Buti potion sa genuine mode, then ceannot be an a> teary mater of point of wew whether a body isin moton or at there must bea genuine distinction between motion and rest. Earle Lm Dhaszed the foundational specs of the docrine of motion, the extent {o which its raqived in order to ground Deserte? mature concep tion of the physical words But here me see another motnation, In Eonstruing motion at a genuine mode of body, Descartes can then include itmong the sates of boy tht an immstable God stains dn cae way, prove a central principle af is physica, a principe he frst earned rom Beeckman ip autumn 1618. Tobe sre i nal ome together at onc. Descartes began with the speci ease the per Sitence of motion, and it took him more than ten yeas to nk the pesience of motion to the more general principle a he persistence ‘Skater of body ashe id inthe erty 1630 with the composition of ‘The World Though motion ie not crcélly defined Gere ts cleaty

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