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Superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that has intelligent characteristics that surpass that
of the brightest human minds. It can be defined as a property of problem solving systems.
Intelligence can be generally referred to as the ability to perceive information and retain knowledge
gained from the information so as to apply towards adaptive behaviors within a given context.
Artificial intelligence is intelligence in machines which is implemented in computer systems using
software programs. It was first formulated by Alan Turing [1]
According to Nick Bostrom,super inteligence is an intellect that is much smarter than the
best human brains in practically every field including scientific creativity, general wisdom and
social skills.[2]Bostrom tends to treat super intelligence as dominance at goal-oriented behavior.
Some researchers tend to have different opinions as to how these advancement in
technology would affect the world today. Others argue that since they are programed to have
human-like characteristics, they would then mind and care for the human beings whereas others say
that the machines would want to wipe out humans either out of revenge or intrinsic desire to
survive. Some also believe that the machines would probably result to machines with no general
reasoning, systems that would lack human cognitive limitations whereas others view it like humans
would evolve so as to achieve greater intelligence.
A great number of scientists and forecasters argue for the prioritization of early research to
considering the possible benefits and risks of human and machine cognitive enhancements. This is
because of the possible damage these technologies may bring to the society. [2]
According to British mathematician and code-breaker I.J Good, an ultra intelligent machine
could design even better machines hence leading to intelligence explosion and man could thus be
left behind. This could thus lead to extinction of the human race. [5].This is thus referred to as
technological singularity. This was introduced by Vernor Vinge in 1993[6]
In all these forms of anxieties shown by philosophers, futurists and A.I experts, the
academic and scientific establishment is not yet convinced that artificial intelligence is an imminent
threat.
Risks of developing super intelligent machines.
Most of the researchers agree that super intelligence is unlikely to have human emotions
hence may then evolve to be something quite dangerous.[8].Thus A.I may be considered harmful
according to the following two scenarios, according to research;
1. AI programmed to do something devastating. For example, autonomous weapons are
programmed to kill hence if they find themselves in the wrong hands they may lead
to mass destruction. Also such weapons are created in that they are difficult to turn
off hence humans trend to lose control over them.
2. AI that was programmed to do something beneficial but it develops destructive
methods for achieving its goals.
Thus a super intelligent machine may be too good at accomplishing its goals and if those
goals are not aligned with our goals we may face a bigger problem. This may be due to the fact that
the systems are designed by error prone human beings.
References
[1]. Turing Alan, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, 59, pp. 433460, (1950).
doi:10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
[2]. Bostrom, Nick. "How long before superintelligence?." (1998).
[3]. Crevier, Daniel. AI: The tumultuous history of the search for artificial intelligence. Basic
Books, Inc., 1993.
[4]. Bostrom, Nick. Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related
Hazards. Journal of Evolution and Technology 1.9 (2002).
[5]. Yudkowsky, Eliezer. "Artificial intelligence as a positive and negative factor in global
risk." Global catastrophic risks 1 (2008): 303.
[6]. Vinge Vernor, The Coming Technological Singularity, Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science &
Engineering in the Era of CyberSpace, proceedings of a Symposium held at NASA Lewis Research
Center (NASA Conference Publication CP-10129, (1993)
[7]. Tilli, Cecilia (28 April 2016).|Killer Robots? Lost Jobs? Slate. Retrieved 15 May2016.
[8]. Norvig vs Chomsky and the Fight for the Future of AI Tor.com. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 15
May 2016