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  • Analog Voting Circuit Is More Flexible Than Its Digital Version

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    PPM
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    An analog voting circuit provides more flexibility than a digital version for majority voting systems used to monitor critical processes. The analog circuit uses op amps, potentiometers, and DIP switches to simplify selecting the number of initiators and voting logic. By adjusting reference voltages, the circuit can implement any voting logic from two-out-of-three to eight-out-of-eight by selecting probes with the DIP switch, without needing to rewrite software as with a microcontroller-based digital system.

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    Comparing analog vs. digital

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    Analog Voting Circuit is More Flexible Than Its Digital Version

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    An analog voting circuit provides more flexibility than a digital version for majority voting systems used to monitor critical processes. The analog circuit uses op amps, potentiometers, and DIP switches to simplify selecting the number of initiators and voting logic. By adjusting reference voltages, the circuit can implement any voting logic from two-out-of-three to eight-out-of-eight by selecting probes with the DIP switch, without needing to rewrite software as with a microcontroller-based digital system.

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    72 vistas2 páginas

    Analog Voting Circuit Is More Flexible Than Its Digital Version

    Cargado por

    PPM
    An analog voting circuit provides more flexibility than a digital version for majority voting systems used to monitor critical processes. The analog circuit uses op amps, potentiometers, and DIP switches to simplify selecting the number of initiators and voting logic. By adjusting reference voltages, the circuit can implement any voting logic from two-out-of-three to eight-out-of-eight by selecting probes with the DIP switch, without needing to rewrite software as with a microcontroller-based digital system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF, TXT o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
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    AnalogVotingCircuitIsMoreFlexibleThanItsDigitalVersion

    R.Jayapal|ElectronicDesign
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    Dec4,2003

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    Majorityvotingsystemsareusedtoprotectcriticalplantsandprocesses.Suchsystemsfindapplicationsin
    chemical,power,nuclear,andaerospaceindustries.Here,multiplesensorsmonitoracriticalparameter,
    andthereadingsof,say,twosensors(whicharecloselytracking)aretakenascorrect.Butifonesensor
    fails,thecriticalparameterisstillmonitored.
    Figure1showsatypicalmajorityvotingsysteminwhichthreeidenticalinitiators(A,B,andC)give0or1
    logicsignals,dependingonwhetheraprocessparametersuchastemperature,pressure,orlevelis
    beloworabovethetripsetting.Theselogicsignalsarepassedtoatwooutofthreevotingcircuit.The
    votingcircuitsendsatripsignaltothetripsystemonlyiftwoormoreinitiatorsareinatripcondition.
    Thisvotingcircuitfollowstheexpression:
    Y=AB+BC+CA
    Toimprovereliability,fourinitiatorsareusedwiththetwooutofthreevotingcircuit,followingthe
    expression:
    Y=AB+BC+CD+DA+AC+BD
    Similarly,forathreeoutoffourvotingcircuit,thefollowingexpressionapplies:
    Y=ABC+BCD+CDA
    Inatypicalhighpressure,hightemperatureliquidlevelmonitoringapplication,conductivityprobes
    werekeptatvariouslevels.Eachprobecircuitgivesalogical1outputwhentheliquidlevelreachesthat
    probe.Inviewofhowcriticalthismeasurementis,twooutofthreelogicfortrippingwasadopted.That
    is,ifthenthprobeissetasatrippoint,(n1)and(n+1)probesarealsomonitored.Ifanytwoprobes
    goHIGH,thevotingcircuitrygivesaHIGHoutputforfurtheraction,likeatrip,etc.
    Forthesameapplication,someuserswantedtwooutoffourvotinglogic,andotherswantedthreeout
    offivevotinglogic,etc.Withamicrocontrollerbasedcircuit,thismeanteitherrewritingtheprogram
    eachtimeorwritingaprogramforvariouslogicsequencesandselectingtheonerequired.
    Toeliminatethesedifficulties,ananalogcircuitwasdesignedthatsimplifiedtheselectionofthenumber
    ofinitiatorsandthevotinglogic(Fig.2).ThefirstopampofU1isabufferforthevoltageadjustedbyP1.
    PotentiometerP1isadjustedtoget1VatTP1.U1'ssecondopampisconfiguredasaninvertingsummer,
    whileU1'sthirdopampisaninverter.
    Everyprobeoutputgoingtological1closestheswitchcorrespondingtoitinU2.Closureofeachswitchin
    U2givesa1VincreaseatTP2.Ifatwooutofthreevotingcircuitisneeded,selecttheappropriateprobes
    throughtheDIPswitchsetting.Votingbytwoprobesgives2VatTP2.SetthereferencevoltageatTP3to
    under2Vbutabove1V.OutputYwillbe1iftwoormoreprobesoutputalogic1.Similarly,iftwooutof
    fourvotingisrequired,selectthefourprobeswiththeDIPswitchandsetthereferencevoltageatTP3as
    1.5V.

    Togeneralize,ifmisthenumberofprobesselected,andnoutofmvotingisnecessary,select
    themprobeswiththeDIPswitchandkeepthereferencevoltageatTP3slightlylessthan(n1)V,but
    morethan(n1)1V.WiththecircuitofFigure2,mhasamaximumofeight,andnm.Thiscircuit
    canbeextendedforanyvotinglogic,whichcanbesetoralteredeveninthefield.

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