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Types of majorities in Indian Constitution

December 15, 2013

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Here are some basics about various kinds of majorities in Indian Constitution:

Simple Majority: This refers to majority of more than 50% of the members pres

and voting. Most of the normal motions in the house such as No-confidence Mot

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Vote of thanks (to the President or Governor), Adjournment Motion, Censure Mot
Cut motions etc. need simple majority.

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Absolute Majority: It refers to a majority of more than 50% of the total members

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of the house. It is not used anywhere in constitution as standalone requirement.

Effective Majority: Effective Majority of house means more than 50% of the effec
strength of the house. This implies that out of the total strength, we deduct
absent and vacant seats. Our Constitution writes all the then members
refers to effective majority.

Special Majorities: Any Majority other than simple, absolute and effective majority

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Contents [hide]
Majorities as discussed in Constitution
Removal of President: Special Majority
Removal of the Vice-President : Effective Majority
Removal of Deputy chairman of Council of States: Effective Majority
Removal of Speaker and Lok Sabha Speaker: Effective Majority
Removal of Supreme Court Judge: Absolute + Special Majority
Abolition of Council of States: Absolute + Special Majority
Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker of Assembly: (Effective

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Majority)

National Current Affairs

Removal of Chairman or Deputy Chairman of a Legislative Council:

State Current Affairs

(Effective Majority)
Emergency Proclamation (Absolute + Special Majority)

International Affairs

Amendment of the Constitution via article 368 : (Absolute + Special

Business & Economy

Majority)

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Majorities as discussed in Constitution

Removal of President: Special Majority
Article 61

Persons in News

According to Article 61, When a President is to be impeached for violation of

Constitution; the charge shall be preferred by either House of Parliament. A 14 d
notice to move a resolution is given. Then, the resolution has to be passed by a
of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House.

Places in News

Removal of the Vice-President : Effective Majority

Awards & Honours

Article 67(b)

Defence Current Affairs

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Vice-President may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Council of Sta
passed by a majority of all the then members of the Council and agreed to by the Ho
of the People; but no resolution for the purpose of this clause shall be moved unless
least fourteen days notice has been given of the intention to move the resoluti
(Effective majority in Rajya Sabha and agreed to Lok Sabha also means simple majori

Removal of Deputy chairman of Council of States: Effective Majority

Article 90(c)

A member holding office as Deputy Chairman of the Council of States may be remo
from his office by a resolution of the Council passed by a majority of all the t
members of the Council. (Simple Majority in Rajya Sabha)

Removal of Speaker and Lok Sabha Speaker: Effective Majority

Article 94:

Member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of the Peop
(c)may be removed from his office by a resolution of the House of the People passed
a majority of all the then members of the House:

Synonyms

Removal of Supreme Court Judge: Absolute + Special Majority

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Article 124(4)

Karnataka

A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an or
of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported b
majority of the total membership of that House (Absolute Majority) and by a majority
not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting (Spe
Majority) voting has been presented to the President in the same session for s
removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

Maharashtra

Abolition of Council of States: Absolute + Special Majority

Kerala

Article 169. (1)

Haryana
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu

Odisha

Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a St
having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no s
Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect b
majority of the total membership of the Assembly (Absolute Majority) and by a majo
of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting. (Spe
Majority)

Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker of Assembly: (Effective Majority)

Article 179 (C)

Speaker or Deputy Speaker of Assembly may be removed from his office by a resolut
of the Assembly passed by a majority of all the then members of the Assem
(Effective Majority).
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Removal of Chairman or Deputy Chairman of a Legislative Council: (Effect

Majority)
Article 183 (C)

Chairman or Deputy Chairman of a Legislative Council may be removed from his off
by a resolution of the Council passed by a majority of all the then members of
Council. (Simple Majority)

Emergency Proclamation (Absolute + Special Majority)

According to article 352 (4) an emergency proclamation is laid before each House
Parliament and shall cease to operate at the expiration of one month unless before
expiration of that period it has been approved by resolutions of both Houses
Parliament. Once approved it shall cease to be in force if again not approved within
months. For both of these purposes, the resolution should be passed by either House
Parliament only by a majority of the total membership of that House (Absolute Major
and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the Members of that House present
voting.(Special Majority)

Amendment of the Constitution via article 368 : (Absolute + Special Majority)

According to Article 368(2), amendment to Constitution may be initiated only by

introduction of a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when the Bi
passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House (Abso
Majority) and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that Ho
present and voting, (special Majority).

Further, if the amendment of the constitution also requires the assent of the st
assemblies, they can pass the constitutional Amendment Bill with simple majority

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