Digital Map Preparation, Labeling,

Symbolization and Layout

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 1

Spatial Data Point, Line, and Polygon

Aim:
To prepare the layout for the spatial entities such as point, line and
polygon features from ESRI data with the aid of ArcView GIS 3.2a
Software.
Data Set:
ESRI Data - Mexico.
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame
by add theme option.
Create a new theme by mentioning the feature type such as
point, line or polygon.
Import the created feature type into the data area.
Digitize the features such as cities, roads, water bodies, etc. using
ESRI dataset.
Point feature type is used to represent the location of cities in
Mexico.
The name of the Mexico cities can be displayed in the map using
autolabelling option.
Line feature type is used to represent the road system of Mexico.
Polygon feature type is used to represent location of lakes in
Mexico.
Symbolize the features based on styles embedded on the system.
Prepare the layout with proper legend, north arrow, scale , title,
subtitle (if necessary) and neat line.
Export it to required location in JPEG format.
Thus the spatial entities are created as an information base for
making any conclusion or interpretation.
Conclusion:
Basic digital maps to show spatial entities such as point, line and
polygon features of Mexico has been prepared using the ESRI data.

Point
- Location of Cities in Mexico

Line
- Road system of Mexico

Polygon
- Location of Lakes in Mexico

Composite - Location of cities, roads and lakes of Mexico

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Digital Map Creation, Labeling,

Symbolization and Layout

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 2

Spatial Data Point, Line, and

Polygon
Aim:
To digitize point, line and polygon features for given SOI Toposheet
using ArcView
GIS 3.2a software.
Data Set:
Raster data - SOI Toposheet 57 N/8.
Scale 1 : 50000.
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame
by add theme option.
Create a new theme by mentioning the feature type such as
point, line or polygon.
Import the created feature type into the data area.
Open Attribute Table for a point spatial entity and add a new field
apart from the fields that has been created automatically during
the digitization by software itself.
Give an appropriate name, type (Number or String or Boolean or
Date) and width to the field.
Start giving names to the point spatial entity from entering the
descriptive names in the field.
Conclusion:
Basic digital maps to show spatial entities such as point, line and
polygon features of the toposheet 57N/8 has been prepared using the
ArcView3.2 software.

Point
- Location of Settlements in Andhra Pradesh

Line
- Road system of Andhra Pradesh

Polygon
- Location of Reserved Forests in Andhra
Pradesh

Composite -Location of settlements, roads and reserved

forests in Andhra Pradesh

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Buffer Analysis

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 3

Simple Buffer
Aim:
To construct a single buffer around the spatial entities such as point,
line and polygon features with the aid of various drawing tools in
ArcView GIS 3.2a software.
Data Set:
ESRI Data - Mexico.
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame
by add theme option.
Create a new theme or shape file by mentioning the feature type
such as point, line or polygon.
Import the created feature type into the data area.
Select the entity for which the buffer has to be created in buffer
analysis option.
Create a single buffer around the feature by specifying a constant
distance and the type such as edges with or without dissolving
barrier.
Dissolved Barrier merge the intersections of buffers such that it
will provide a single polygon outlook.
Select the buffer unit (Meter, Km, miles etc).
Save the buffer as a new theme in an appropriate location.
Thus the Buffer zone has been created for further decision
making
Conclusion:
Single buffer zone is created around the spatial entities such as point,
line and polygon features of Mexico to some specific distance.

Point Buffer of 15Km around the cities of Mexico

Line Buffer of 15Km around the rivers of Mexico

Polygon Buffer of 25Km around the lakes of Mexico

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 4

Multiple Buffer
Aim:
To create a multiple buffer around the spatial entities such as
point,line and polygon features with the aid of various drawing tools
in ArcView GIS 3.2a software.
Data Set:
ESRI Data - Mexico.
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame
by add theme option.
Create a new theme or shape file by mentioning the feature type
such as point, line or polygon.
Import the created feature type into the data area.
Select the entity for which the buffer has to be created in buffer
analysis option.
Create a multiple buffer around the feature by specifying a
constant distance, no of rings and the type such as edges with or
without dissolving barrier.
Dissolved Barrier merge the intersections of buffers such that it
will provide a single polygon outlook.
Select the buffer unit (Meter, Km, miles etc).
Save the buffer as a new theme in an appropriate location.
Thus the multiple buffer zone has been created for further
decision making

Conclusion:
Multiple Buffer zone is created around the spatial entities such as
point, line and polygon to some specific distance as a multiple rings.

Point Three buffer rings of 10Km each around the cities of

Mexico

Line Three buffer rings of 10Km each around the rivers of

Mexico

Polygon Three buffer rings of 15Km each around the lakes

of Mexico

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Thematic Mapping

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 6

Population 1990
Aim:
To prepare thematic maps for given population data.
Data Set:
ESRI data - Mexico
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame by
add theme option.
Population density calculation has been done by the spatial query
option using the below mentioned formula
Population Density = Population / Area
Classify the data starting from Low to high value
Symbolize and label the feature based on their input.
Thus the thematic map for the given population data has been
created.
Prepare the layouts with proper legend, north arrow, scale , title,
subtitle (if necessary) and neat line.
There are many methods embedded in Arc view to create the
thematic maps as specified below.
Quantities:
Graduated Patterns
Graduated Colours
Dot
Interpretation:
The maps prepared are based on a particular theme such as
population.
Graduated Patterns - The population density for different states are
mapped with different colors. These coloring are based on the density
values.
The population density is the choropleth map depicting the 5 class
distribution over the states.
Graduated Colours - The population density for different states are
mapped with different patterns. These patterns are based on the
density values.
The population distribution is the chlorochromatic map depicting the
5 class distribution over the states.
Digital Cartography and GIS Lab
Department of Geography, University of Madras

 The dot map is prepared based on the number of dots (1 dot =

100000).
Based on the number of dots, the population is measured.
Conclusion:
Digital thematic maps for the given population data are created with
the aid of various tools in the ArcView 3.2a software.
Graduated Patterns Chloropleth map shows population density
of Mexico in 1990
Graduated Colours Chlorochromatic map shows population
distribution of Mexico in 1990
Dot Dot map shows population of Mexico in 1990

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras

Exercise 5

Population & House Units 1990

Aim:
To construct located chart diagrams for the given population and
house units data.
Data Set:
ESRI data - Mexico
Procedure:
Open a new view where the spatial features has to be created.
Set the working directory and imports the dataset into the frame by
add theme option.
Select the legend type as chart and choose the required chart type
such as pie or bar/column diagram.
Add the required fields for which the chart has to be prepared say
population and house units in Mexico in 1990.
The maps prepared are based on a particular themes say population
and house units.
Classify the data starting from Low to high value.
Symbolize and label the feature based on their input.
Thus the chart diagram for the given population data has been
created.
Prepare the layout
There are many methods embedded in Arc view to create the
thematic maps as specified below.
Charts:
Pie Chart
Bar / Column Chart
Conclusion:
Digital maps showing located chart diagrams for the given population
and house unit data are constructed.
Pie Chart Population and House Units of Mexico in 1990
Bar/Column Chart Population and House Units of Mexico in 1990

Digital Cartography and GIS Lab

Department of Geography, University of Madras