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DEDICATORIA Para Wendy, Eduardo, Leonardo y Viviana la generacin del siglo XXI
mis padres, por el variado sacrificio y permanente esfuerzo puesto en mi educacin.
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Cuando uno ingresa a las aulas de postgrado, no slo lo debe hacer con el fin de adquirir nuevos
conocimientos, perfeccionar los ya reunidos, especializar estos o para mejorar sustancialmente
nuestra hoja de vida. Creemos que, sustancialmente, los ciclos de maestra sirven para todo ello,
pero aun para ms. Son dos los valores que deben cultivarse a lo largo del curso de postgrado,
concretamente dos vocaciones: la docencia y la investigacin.
Estando en cualquier lugar, es fcil denominar a los estudios de postgrado como maestra.
El slo nombre evoca la palabra maestro, puntualmente, nos referimos a la formacin del
maestro, que no slo se obtiene suministrando a la persona de ms conocimientos en una
especial rama jurdica, sino sobretodo desarrollando en l la voluntad y las aptitudes propias de
una de las ms sublimes tareas humanas, la de transmitir informacin y formar personas,
guindolas durante dicho proceso.
La investigacin, en cambio, va ms all. Si bien constituye parte imprescindible de la
preparacin del futuro docente universitario, por cuanto lo ejercita en el quehacer acadmico, la
investigacin trasciende dicho mbito, proyectando sus resultados hacia determinada realidad, a
la cual presenta, describe y enfrenta. Al investigar, pensamos en una mejor realidad, a la cual
apuntan todos los esfuerzos del investigador.
En el mundo del Derecho, contrariamente a lo que podra pensarse desde una equivocada
posicin positivista, la realidad es un juego dialctico en el cual participan los legisladores con la
interpretacin que realicen de los hechos, las normas por ellos producidas, los sujetos
destinatarios de la norma, los magistrados encargados de velar por su cumplimiento, y la
jurisprudencia que tiende un puente entre la norma positiva y la cambiante realidad por ella
regulada. Una investigacin por tanto, debe tomar en cuenta tales elementos, cada uno en su
justa medida.
Siguiendo esa lnea, nuestra investigacin presenta y explica un aspecto del nuevo Proceso
contencioso-administrativo peruano. Hablamos de las medidas cautelares, tal como aparecen
tratadas por la ley, por la jurisprudencia y por la doctrina, tanto nacionales como extranjeras.
Luego, analizamos las diferencias existentes en su tratamiento en cada uno de esos mbitos, as
como los problemas que ello genera. Finalmente, postulamos algunos criterios de solucin y
medidas correctivas frente a la problemtica estudiada.
Ingresamos a nuestro tema reconociendo su importancia, al ser las medidas cautelares
instrumentos centrales en la lucha por la vigencia del debido proceso, que en sede jurisdiccional
adopta el nombre de tutela jurisdiccional, colaborando a fin de que esta ltima merezca ser
calificada como efectiva. Continuamos desarrollando los principales conceptos planteados por la
doctrina y recogidos en las normas positivas respecto a la temtica cautelar. Posteriormente,
analizamos la legislacin vigente y la jurisprudencia producida en procesos sobre la materia.
Terminamos formulando nuestras conclusiones y recomendaciones.
No es mucho lo que se ha escrito sobre el tema en mencin, empero, si son numerosos los
escritos que -desde distintos ngulos-, se han aproximado a l, en algunos casos voluntariamente
y en otros como consecuencia de la profundizacin realizada en temas distintos. Hablamos en
realidad del estudio del Proceso contencioso- administrativo, al cual vemos como aquel rea del
Derecho Procesal que reposa en la estructura del Derecho procesal civil, pero que se matiza y
desarrolla a partir del Derecho administrativo, y tambin del Derecho civil, aunque en menor
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medida. Ello, ofrece como resultado un proceso que -si bien es cierto constituye una variante del
proceso civil- cuenta con caracteres propios, llegando incluso a exigir interpretaciones
autnomas; todo lo cual representa una invitacin a la investigacin de cada uno de los institutos
procesales presentes en l.
Conscientes de lo anterior, nuestro trabajo se focaliza en el tratamiento que la ley, la
jurisprudencia y la doctrina vienen dispensando a las medidas cautelares en el Proceso
contencioso-administrativo. Luego de identificar algunos problemas, los analizamos, para
finalmente ofrecer alternativas coherentes de solucin.
Todo trabajo de investigacin, por muy amplio o conciso que resulte su texto, pese a lo
acertado o errado de sus conclusiones, o a la profundidad o vaguedad de sus razonamientos,
siempre es un comienzo, nunca un final. La tesis que aqu presentamos no es la excepcin. Su
ideacin, preparacin, redaccin y sustentacin, ms que una labor terminada, son una invitacin
a continuar estudiando el mencionado proceso, porque as como el hombre cambia en el tiempo
y requiere otro alimento, otra ropa y otros instrumentos, la realidad regulada por el derecho es
aun ms sensible a los cambios, los cuales exigen del investigador una conducta atenta y
previsora, que le permita identificar los problemas que se susciten con el devenir de los hechos,
para oportunamente poder salir a ofrecerles batalla.
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