Habana vs. Robles

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evising their published works, petitioners scouted and looked around various boo
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4 \cf0 subject matter. By chance they came upon the book of respondent Robles an
d upon perusal of said book they were surprised to see that the book was strikin
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0 After an itemized examination and comparison of the two books, petitioners fou
nd that several pages of the respondent's book are similar, if not all}{\fs22 \k
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tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \ad
justright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \t
236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22
\kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 Petitioners made demands for damages against responde
nts and }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp1332
1 \cf0 to}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 cease and desis
t from further selling and distributing to the general public the infringed copi
es of respondent Robles' works. However, respondents ignored the demands, hence,
petitioners}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp
13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 filed with th
e RTC a complaint for "infringement and/or unfair competition with damages" agai
nst private respondent}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang133
21 \langnp13321 \cf0 .}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \pa
r }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjust
right \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx283
\tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \ker
ning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lis
b0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql
\tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3968 \tql \
tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning
2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 In the comp
laint, petitioners alleged that Robles being substantially familiar with the con
tents of petitioners' works, and without securing their permission, lifted, copi
ed, plagiarized, and/or transposed certain portions of their book CET. The textu
al contents and illustrations of CET were literally reproduced in the book}{\fs2
2 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs2
2 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 DEP. The plagiarism, incorporat
ion and reproductionof particular portions of the book}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \a
f5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \a
f5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 CET in the book DEP, without the authority or conse
nt of the petitioners, and the misrepresentationons of respondent Robles that th
e same was}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13
321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 her original wo
rk and concept adversely affected and substantially diminished the sale of the p
etitioners' book and caused them actual damages by way of unrealized income. }{
\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \
tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3
1 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \as
palpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \t
\tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 Robles impl}{\f
s22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 ea}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 ded in the suit because}{\fs
22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs
22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 she authored and directly comm
itted the acts of infringement complained of, while Goodwill Trading was impl}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 ea}{
\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 ded as the publisher and jo
int co-owner of the copyright certificates}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af
4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af
4 \loch \f4 \cf0 of registration}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f
4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 .}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f
4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspn
um \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \
tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tq
l \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {
\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \
tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3
1 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 R
espondent Robles filed her answer, and denied allegations of plagiarism and copy
ing that petitioners claimed. Robles stressed that: 1) the book DEP is the produ
ct of her independen}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321
\langnp13321 \cf0 t\uc1 \u8217 ?s }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \cf0 researches, studies and experiences, and was not a copy of any existin
g valid copyrighted book; 2) DEP followed the scope and sequence or syllabus whi
ch are common to all English}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \l
ang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \c
f0 grammar writers as recommended by the Association of Philippine Colleges of A
rts and Sciences (APCAS), so any similarity between the respondents book and tha
t of the petitioners}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321
\langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 ws du
e to the orientation of the authors to both works and standards and syllabus; 3)
the similarities may be due to the authors' exercise of the "right to fair use
of copyrighted materials, as guides".}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \lo
ch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2
9 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \
af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql
\tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \h
ich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 He interposed a counterclaim for damages on the ground t
hat bad faith and malice attended the filing of the complaint, because petitione
r Habana was professionally jealous and the book DEP}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 replaces CET as the official textbook of the graduate
studies department of the FEU.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \t
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \a
f4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 Af
ter trial based on the merits, the court dismissed the complaint. Petitioners fi
led appealed but CA rendered in favor of respondent Robles. Hence, this petition
.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tq
l \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \
tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hic
h \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700
\tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \
tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \a
f0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 Issue: Wheth
er despite the apparent textual, thematic and sequential similarity between DEP
and CET, respondents committed no copyright infringement}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \w
idctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tq
\tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \pa
r }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjust
right \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx283
\tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \ker
ning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 Held:}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hi
ch \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx170
\tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard
\plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \l
in0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267 \tql \tx2834 \tql \
tx3401 \tql \tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx
6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \d
bch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \cf0 The respondent's act of lifting f}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hi
ch \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hi
ch \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 om}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang
13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0
the book of petitioners substantial portions}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 of discussions and examples, and her failure to acknowledge t
he same in her book is an infringement of petitioners' copyrights. The measure o
f substantial reproduction of a book does not necessarily require that the entir
e copyrighted work, or even a large portion of it be copied. If so much si taken

that the value of the original work is substantially diminished, there is an i
nfringement of right and to an injurious extent, the work is appropriated. }{\fs
22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \r
i0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx5
\tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspal
pha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql
x5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \lo
ch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \tab }{\fs22 \kern
ing2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 In the case at bar, there is no questi
on that petitioners presented several pages of the books CET and DEP that more o
r less had the same contents.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
cf0 It maybe correct that the books being grammar books may contain materials si
milar as to some technical contents with other grammar}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \a
f5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 books, such as the segment about the "author card".
However, the numerous pages that the petitioners presented showing similarity i
n the style and the manner the books were presented and identical examples can n
ot pass as similarities merely because of technical consideration. }{\fs22 \kern
ing2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb
0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql
x4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \tql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \cf0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \asp
num \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx566 \tql \tx1133 \tql \tx1700 \tql \tx2267
\tql \tx2834 \tql \tx3401 \tql \tx3968 \tql \tx4535 \tql \tx5102 \tql \tx5669 \t
ql \tx6236 \tql \tx6803 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 And failure to acknowledge
original author produces "injurious effect". In cases of infringement,}{\fs22
\kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22
\kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 copying alone is not what is proh
ibited. The c}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \langn
p13321 \cf0 o}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 pying must p
roduce an injurious effect. Here, the injury consists in that respondent lifted
from petitioners' book materials that were the result}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \a
f5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 of the latter's research work and compilation and m
isrepresented them}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang13321 \
langnp13321 \cf0 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 as her
own. She circulated the book DEP for commercial use and did not acknowledge peti
tioners as her source.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af5 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \cf0 \pa
r }}

Habana vs. Robles

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Habana vs. Robles

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{\rtf1 \ansi \ansicpg1252 \deff0 \stshfdbch2 \stshfloch0 \stshfhich0 \deflang133

21 \deflangfe13321 {\fonttbl {\f0 \froman \fcharset0 \fprq2 {\*\panose 020206030

g;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Document Map;\l

um Shading 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdprio

e copyrighted work, or even a large portion of it be copied. If so much si taken

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