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SUBJECT OUTLINE:
Module
1: Introduction; organizing
and graphing data; numerical
descriptive measures
Module
Module
3: Sampling distributions;
estimation; hypothesis testing
Module
CHAPTER 10:
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
10.1 Simple linear regression
10.2
Standard deviation of errors
and coefficient of determination
10.3 Inferences about B
10.4 Linear correlation
10.5 Regression analysis: A complete
example
10.6 Interpretation of Excel output
SCATTER PLOT/DIAGRAM
SSE e 2 (y y )2
The values of a and b that give the minimum
SSE are called the least square estimates of A
and B, and the regression line obtained with
these estimates is called the least squares line.
y a bx
SS xx x
SS yy y
SS xy xy
b
SS xy
SS xx
a y bx
n
x y
n
FORMULAS
Source: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
Source: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
Source: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
Source: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LeastSquaresFitting.html
SS xy xy
SS xx x
2
(386) 2
23058
1772.8571
7
n
SS xy 447.5714
b
0.2525
SS xx 1772.8571
SS xy
SS xx
447.5714
0.2525
1772.8571
ERROR OF PREDICTION
~ N ( 0, )
2
is estimated by se
SSE
2
se
, where SSE ( y y )
n2
df n 2
se
SS yy bSS xy
n2
SS xy
SS xx
447.5714
0.2525
1772.8571
SS xy xy
SS yy y
se
SS yy bSS xy
n2
(108) 2
1792
125.1743
7
125.1743 (0.2525)(447.5714)
1.5939
72
r
2
bSS xy
SS yy
,0 r 1
2
bSS xy
SS yy
0.2525(447.5714)
0.899 89.9%
125.7143
SS xy
SS xx SS yy
, 1 r 1
SS xy
SS xx SS yy
447.5714
0.9481
1772.8571125.7143
bB
, df n 2
sb
H0 : B 0
H1 : B 0 (two-tailed test)
B 0 (positive),B 0 (negative) (one-tailed test)
is unknown, use the t distribution.
0.01
df n 2 7 2 5
tcalc
b B 0.2525 0
6.662
sb
0.0379
(b) x
11.25, y
59.25
n
SS xy
x y
(90)(474)
xy
4739
593.5
SS xx x
SS xy
SS xx
SS yy y 2
(c) b
y
n
(90) 2
1396
383.5
8
(474) 2
29, 642
1557.5
8
593.5
1.5476
383.5
SS xy
SS xx SS yy
593.5
0.7679
(383.5)(1557.5)
bSS xy
SS yy
(1.5476)(593.5)
0.5897
1557.5
(g) se
SS yy bSS xy
n2
1557.5 (1.5476)(593.5)
10.3199
82
0.05, df n 2 8 2 6
tcalc
b B 1.5476 0
2.937
sb
0.5270
EXCEL OUTPUT
Source: http://www.excel-easy.com/examples/regression.html
EXCEL
EXCEL
EXCEL
SUMMARY
Identify IV (x) and DV (y)
Calculate SS of xx, yy, and xy
Determine the best fit line
Calculate and interpret regression coefficients
Calculate and interpret COC and COD
Estimate and comment on its reliability
Hypothesis test on B (critical value approach
using manual calculation, or p-value
approach from the Excel output)
Finding missing values from the given Excel
output