Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015

Unit2. Pre-Research Portfolio

Name: MINGLI YANG
UIN: 668555137
Course/Section: W
Chart1. Pre-Research
Steps

Your Notes

Step1: Identify your

topic and explain why
it is a good IRP topic.
(2-3 sentences)

The problem of sex education in China is a good topic

for IRP because it is a new area which the general
public has not paid attention to previously. There are
more and more people and media care about this
issue. Many voices from society indicate that it is one
of the important issues for Chinese government in a
near future. Also, there are some solutions and plenty
academic research to do for this paper.

Step2: Background
research.

In China, sex is always a topic that both parents and

teachers try to avoid to talk about. Sex education is
still just the materials in the textbook in China. Most
teenagers do not have any education about sex under
good guidance. Many experts are seeking to the new
form of sex education in China in order to fit the
current situation.

Summarize the
problem in 2-3
sentences.

What are the causes? (2-3

sentences)

1. Wrong attitudes of majority in China towards sex

2. Useless existing sex education
3.Not enough attention from parents and schools

What are the effects? (2-3

sentences)

According to official statistics show that the number of

crimes committed by young people in China accounts
for 70 percent of total, and 30 percent of these are
related to sex. Moreover, lack of the sex education
causes the pregnancy of unmarried women.

URL:(http://www.china.org.cn/english/2001/Apr/11288.htm)
Step3: Information
about Organization
Name of Organization:

Asia Federation for Sexology

URL: http://www.aofs-asia.org/

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
Mission (summarize the
mission statement in 2-3
sentences):

Reliability (briefly describe

why the organization is a
reliable source of
information in 2-4
sentences):

Step4: Choose 2
actions of your
organization and
summarize each in 2-3
sentences.
Solution 1:

The Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology (AOFS) is a

membership organisation of country organizations
working in the field of sexology, a region arm of World
Association for Sexual Health (WAS).It dedicates to
work on the sex awareness and rights of people,
especially adolescents and young People. It promotes
continuing education of sex throughout Asia and the
Oceania region.

The Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology is a

membership organisation that interacts with many
sexologists in the region of Asia and the Oceania.
Moreover, on its website, there is no dead link and
advertising. Secondly, the search function works well,
indicating it has been maintained well. Finally, it has
conference bi-annual and there is information about
its conference on the websites. All indicate that it is a
reliable source.
Type your responses below.

Expanding the sex education from middle school to

elementary school

(AOFS Newsletter 2012-03 March )

Solution 2:

Help them to build the value of sexuality and upgrade

it continually. Secondly, help them to know the life
skills and communication methods which are both
good for their own health and harmless for other
people.

(AOFS Newsletter 2012-11 November )

Step5: Analyze the 2
actions.
Step6: Clarify your
purpose of this
research paper.

See Chart3. You will type your responses there.

The paper will analyse the effects of the two solutions
provided by the Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology
(AOFS) from the angles of parents, society and

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
Write a thesis
statement that
contains the purpose of
the paper and the two
actions of the
organization.

teenagers themselves.

The paper will fairly evaluate the two solutions offered

by the Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology (AOFS):
Expanding the sex education from middle school to
elementary school; Help them to build the value of
sexuality and upgrade it continually. Secondly, help
them to know the life skills and communication
methods, which are both good for their own health
and harmless for other people. Also, the paper will
suggest some improvements for the solutions which
can better improve the methods.

Step7: Outline your

structure
Step8: Plan ahead.
Briefly state your plans
and thoughts for
finding sources in 2-3
sentences

See Chart2. You will type your responses there.

The information about the sex education in China is
very limited. It puts my paper in an awkward
situation. On the one hand, I dont have to select
sources. On the other hand, I have to find more
information about the solutions mentioned in the
paper. I already searched papers in the database told
in ESL115 class. I found 5-7 articles. Moreover, I need
to find some reviews about the solutions to fully
analyze the solutions. Finally, I should refer more to
academic and authority in the paper not the public
news in the paper.

Chart2. Rough Outline

Your comments
I. Introduction
A. Problem

The problem of lack of sex education in China is a very longtime issue. For years, there is not an efficient sex education in
China. This is due to many reasons, such as traditional views
about sex. Sex education is not a problem to ignore, as it
causes the pregnancy in unmarried women and crimes related

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
to sex in the teenager groups.

B. Organization

Thesis
Statement

II. Solution1
A. Description

B. Critique

C. Improvement

The Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology (AOFS) is a

membership organisation of country organizations working in
the field of sexology, a region arm of World Association for
Sexual Health (WAS).It dedicates to work on the sex
awareness and rights of people, especially adolescents and
young People. It promotes continuing education of sex
throughout Asia and the Oceania region. Its bi-annual
conference covers many important topics such sex education
in China. It continues to offer help to the members and
promote the successful sex education in the region.

In the paper solutions will be well evaluated and

improvements will be offered to the solutions provided by Asia
Oceania Federation for Sexology (AOFS): expanding the sex
education from middle school to elementary school; Help them
to build the value of sexuality and upgrade it continually.
Secondly, help them to know the life skills and communication
methods, which are both good for their own health and
harmless for other people.

expanding the sex education from middle school to

elementary school
The expert from The Asia Oceania Federation for Sexology
(AOFS) suggests that expand the sex education from middle
school to elementary school, due to the earlier puberty of
teenagers in China nowadays.
This solution considers the current situation of Chinese
teenagers. Many Chinese teenagers start to have earlier
puberty nowadays. But simply expanding sex education to
elementary is not wise. A first grade student is too early to
have sex education.

Schools should offer the sex education in fifth grade or later.

Also, the schools should work with parents. Parents should act
as a good guidance to answer the questions that asked by

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
kids.
III. Solution2.

Help them to build the value of sexuality and upgrade it

continually. Secondly, help them to know the life skills and
communication methods, which are both good for their own
health and harmless for other people.

A. Description

This solution is mainly a outline for the educators in China. It

offers the big image for them to work on.

B. Critique

It is not good solution as it has difficulty to achieve. Building

value of sexuality is not easy in a short time. Moreover, sex
education for teenagers does not require so much official
efforts.

C. Improvement

IV. Conclusion

Provide a good way to educate such as comic books or short

movies. Implement the sex education into the entertainment
is much more better for general education.
The two solutions have very good intentions but they need
improvements Schools should offer the sex education in fifth
grade or later. Also, the schools should work with parents.
Parents should act as a good guidance to answer the
questions that asked by kids. Finally, Provide a good way to
educate such as comic books or short movies. Implement the
sex education into the entertainment is much better for
general education.

Chart3. In-depth Pre-research

Expanding the sex education from
middle school to elementary school
(AOFS Newsletter 2012-03
March )

Help them to build the value of

sexuality and upgrade it continually.
Secondly, help them to know the life
skills and communication methods
which are both good for their own
health and harmless for other people.
(AOFS Newsletter 2012-11
November )

Background Research:
1. What technical key concepts/key words are you unfamiliar with from the
website? Give a brief description.
Puberty
Puberty is the process of physical
changes through which a child's body

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
matures into an adult body capable of
sexual reproduction to enable
fertilization.
Abortion
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by
the removal from the womb of a fetus
or embryo.
2. What aspects of our society (education, health, safety, economical,
environmental, etc) or particular target group does this problem have impact on
and how? Who or what is affected and how are they affected?
Teenager groups are particularly
affected.

Teenager groups are particularly

affected.

Elementary kids will have sex

education, which means they will have
good understanding of sex in the young
age. It will prevent issues related to
wrong sexual behaviors in the future.
3. What kinds of evidence is this website providing (statistics, anecdotes, videos,
authority figures, financial report, academic report)? Is the website providing
enough evidence to support this solution? Is the evidence credible and logical?
Explain why.
The number of crimes committed by
young people in China accounts for 70
percent of total, and 30 percent of these
are related to sex. Moreover, lack of the
sex education causes the pregnancy of
unmarried women.
It is said from the Liu Dalin, vicepresident of the Asia Federation for
Sexology, a leading sex education
expert. So the source is very reliable.
Of the 22.4 percent of unmarried
youths in China who are sexually active,
half have had unprotected sex
20 percent of unmarried women who
have sex get pregnant, and 91 percent
of those women resort to abortion.
These two statistics are according to a
2010 study carried out by Peking
University and the United Nations

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
Population Fund. Then , it could be
count as reliable.
Strengths:
4. Name at least 2 strengths that this solution has. You can write about what
makes this solution unique and better than other similar solutions that have been
proposed previously in our society (by other organizations or other people).
1. Consider the current situation of
teenagers in China
2. Provide new directions for sex
education in China

1. Inform the sex educators a very good

directions
2. Consider more in the long run effects

5. What is the focus of this solution? What makes this solution so

meaningful/important?
Make the sex education early to fit the
early puberty of Chinese teenagers
today

Consider more for the long run effects.

Build a good value of sexuality and
promote the good attitudes towards sex
health. It could be very beneficial in the
future.

Weaknesses
- Is this solution feasible?
6. Who or what do you think might be the greatest obstacle to overcome in
carrying out this solution? (cultural, social, financial aspect)
The cultural aspect will be the most
obstacles. Parents may not be willing to
let sex education in the elementary
school.

Financial aspect. Providing enough

education to the sex educators and
promote the sex education need a big
budget.

7. Cite some of the actual examples or action-based programs based on this

solution. Is it successful so far? Explain how.
In Beijing, some elementary schools
already have been tried to have sex
education by guidance. So far it works
well as the education of people in
Beijing tend to have high education

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015
compared to other regions.

8. If this solution is material type, does the organization have the right
resources? What is further needed to make this possible?

- Is this solution effective?

9. Is this solution too general, too specific, or effective? Explain why.
Too general. It does not say how to do
education in elementary schools.

Too general. It does not have specific

actions to make the goals true.

10. Evaluate this solution in terms of cost and benefit/ long and short term
benefits. Also, is it sustainable?
It is worthy as sex education will
prevent lots of problems such as crime
related to sex. Moreover, it will promote
the good awareness among young
generation in China. It may be
sustainable as people grown up will also
be good parents to inform sex to their
offsprings.

It should be a very helpful solution but it

lacks of the specific actions. In the long
term, it may totally change the current
situation of sex education in China.
However, it could also do nothing.
However, it is sustainable as it is more
dedicating to the awareness of people
about value of sexuality itself.

11. If this solution is campaign/education type, is it targeting the right audience?

Can you cite some evidence that this is really making a difference?
Yes. It is targeting the right audience.
Elementary schools are exactly the
groups that sex education focuses on.

Additional
12. List at least two questions that you have and would like to further research.
Are there any reviews on the solution?
Successful examples so far besides
Beijing?

Any other expert views on the

guidelines?

Created by Josh Evans, ESL 115, Fall 2013

Adapted by Jamie Choi, ESL 112, Fall 2014; Jacqlyn Merchant, Spring 2015; Jenna
Suk, ESL 115, SP 2015

13. Based on what you analyzed, what kinds of improvements can you suggest?
Schools should offer the sex education
in fifth grade or later. Also, the schools
should work with parents. Parents
should act as a good guidance to
answer the questions that asked by
kids.

Provide a good way to educate such as

comic books or short movies.
Implement the sex education into the
entertainment is much more better for
general education.