In this podcast I am going to be talking about the legal, ethical, regulatory and

representational issues that relates to the audience and also how they relate to my
magazine and newspaper that I have analysed.
The first point that I am looking at is the products impact on the audience. Audiences
are separated into passive and active audiences. There are different theories that relate
to the passive and active audiences. For passive, there is the hypodermic needle theory
where you just consume the media that surrounds you. It was first used in the 1930s
and that it is still used in the media today. Some would say that this is used in todays
media to present their issues and that people just believe what they read in the news.
The theory for an active audience is the uses and gratifications theory and what this
theory suggests is that people have na opinion of what is in the news. A way that this
relates to an active audience is that they gain an education from what they are reading.
This is done by gaining an understanding of what they are reading and also that they
can identify what the product is and if it is one that they would recognise their role
models or otherwise. Escapism also comes under the theory and that people read
products so that they can forget their problems temporarily, so this can relate to the
magazine that I have analysed and that they can just read it and enjoy the product.
A way that this relates to the newspaper and magazine that I have analysed is that the
audience that would be reading the newspaper would be an active audience because
they would have their own opinions of the headlines and also the content of the articles
whereas with the magazine it could be classed as either being a passive audience or an
active audience because they would be reading the content and that they would be
passively taking in the information that features in the magazine. They can also be
classed as an active audience because there are puzzles running throughout the
magazine and that they would be taking an active part in completing them. When
looking specifically at the magazine issue that I had analysed there is a puzzle where
you are given some information about the British Empire and also the Roman Empire
and that you have to rate them based on the information that you are given.
When looking at representational issues in the news, there is the element that social
groupings or that individual people are misrepresented in the news. A way that these
social groupings and individual people are misrepresented is by the crisis that is
happening in the middle east and all of the violence that is happening. This can be
misrepresented in the newspaper and that they are saying that the violence that is
happening there and that it can be presented in the wrong light. Another way that social
groups are misrepresented is that when looking at teenagers, and that in the news all
teenegers go out at night and that they all take drugs even though it is only a small

minority that actually do that but the entirety of teenagers get branded with this because
of this small group of people.
In the magazine that I had analysed there isnt that much about representation because
there of the demographics and that everything about the magazine is childish and that
there isnt any violence in the magazine or that there is anything for representation to be
an issue.
When looking at the legal and ethical issues that come with the newspaper. One of the
legal considerations that the newspaper would have to think about is copyright and that
with this consideration they have to think about if they have an exclusive scoop on some
news and that they have to make sure that the scoop that they have doesnt get
repeated in other newspapers and that they can get done for breach of copyright.
Another legal consideration that the newspaper has to think about is contempt of court.
The way that they would have to consider this is when cases are ongoing information
regarding the cases cannot be made public. This includes the names of the jury board
or that if the offending person if under the age of 16 then their name cannot be
released. Recording devices are not permitted in court and that journalists have to use
shorthand notes. With accuracy they have to cross check to see if the information that
they are given is creditable if it is second hand knowledge. This is also in the editors
code of practise where journalists must not publish misleading or distorted information
or images, including headlines not supported by the text. For offensive materials they
have to either blur out parts of the images that are considered offensive or that they
wouldnt put the image that it is talking about in the newspaper if it is that graphic. Public
interest is where the news reported is deemed to be in the publics interest. It is reported
in the general publics welfare or that on a whole on society. When looking at the news
for it being in the publics interest it will include the exposure of crime or the detection of
the crime and that of threats of crime. An example of this would be when Sam Allardyce
quit as England manager because of an undercover investigation where he was shown
negotiating with an overseas firm that is hoping to gain a profit from premier league
transfers. This case is considered to be in the publics interest because of it being a
crime and that this comes under the detection of crime. When looking at ethical issues
in the newspaper, they would have to consider libel and that if the article that they are
going to be publishing is going to be damaging a persons reputation or that it contains
false information.
For the magazine the legal considerations are hard because everything is so by the
books. The way that copyright is avoided is that the author of the books Terry Deary
writes some of the content for the magazine and also that Martin Brown who is the

illustrator of the books also does the cartoons that feature in the magazine as well, so
the creators of the books are still producing content for Horrible Histories for the kids to
enjoy.
The regulatory body that maintains the standards of magazines and newspapers is the
IPSO. IPSO stands for Independent Press Standards Organisation. This body looks
over magazines and newspapers and that they hold newspaper companies or magazine
companies to account for their actions. They also protect rights of individuals and that
they have high standards that concerns journalism and that they help to maintain the
freedom of expression for the press. The IPSO use to be called the PCC which stands
for Press Complaints Commission. They had changed the name of the company
because of the Leveson inquiry which is the phone hacking scandal and that the
government at the time has said that it was under performing. The phone hacking
scandal is where Rupert Murdoch, the chairman and also the chief executive officer of
News Corp and also its parent company of News International. The phone hacking
scandal is where a controversy involving the defunct News of the World and other
British newspapers published by News international. In 2002, Millie Dowler went
missing and that the police were thinking that she was still alive because she was active
on her phone but it was the company hacking in so that they could get the latest scoop.
In total there are around 4,775 victims and that around 2,500 of them have already been
notified that they were hacked. Ed Miliband called it a toothless poodle and that Nick
Clegg has said that The PCC has failed as an effective watchdog. The prime minister
at the time David Cameron said that the way the press is regulated today is not
working and also went on to say that the PCC was ineffective and lacking in rigour.
The name of the set of rules that magazines and newspapers have to follow is called
the editors code of practise. The code is written and also administered by the Editors
code committee and then IPSO enforces the code to make sure that it is being followed.
The latest set of the editors code of practise had come into effect was the 1st of January
2016. There are 16 clauses of the code and 9 of these clauses are where they can be
demonstrated to be in the publics interest. Below is the list of all of the clauses that
comes under the editors code of practice. Some of the clauses of the editors code of
practise include accuracy, harassment, privacy, intrusion into grief or shock, reporting
suicide, children, hospitals, reporting of crime, clandestine devices and subterfuge and
many more come under the code of practise.