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Module 3:
Convective heat and mass transfer
Lecture 26:
Heat Transfer to Boundary Layers
(Continued)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
The solution of the temperature field for a situation of wall temperature described by eqn. (3) of
lecture 25, can be generalised to a wall temperature which varies arbitrarily along x. Such a
temperature variation can be expressed as
Tw T = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... = ai x i
(1)
i =0
Solutions for the individual terms a0, a1x etc. are superimposed to obtain the solution for B.C. given
by eqn. (1).
Approximate Solutions
Use integrated B.L. energy equation. is approximated by a reasonable function of . Integration
gives T vs. x. Integrated B.L. energy equation is not limited to similar temperature profiles.
However, this approach can be applied to flat plate with an unheated length followed by a heated
section.
Also it can be applied to systems with arbitrary wall temperature distribution (by superposition
Duhamels principle)
Numerical solution (Finite element, finite difference etc.) can tackle complex geometries, complex
boundary conditions, and 3-D problems.
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
vx
(2)
2 (T T )
(T T )
(T T )
+ vy
=
x
y
y 2
(3)
( v y (T T ) )
y
2 (T T )
=
y 2
(4)
(5)
T
vx (T T ) dy =
x 0
y =0
(6)
vx = B ( x ) y
vx v y
+
=0
x y
vy =
1 dB 2
y
2 dx
B ( x) y
1 dB 2
2
y
=D 2
x 2 dx
y
y
(7)
= 0 at y = 0
= 1 at y
Here =
c cw
c cw
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
y
g ( x)
g =0
d 2
d
D dx 2 D dx
(8)
Then
2 dg g 3 dB
Bg dx 2 dx = 3D
1
g=
B
and =
9 D Bdx
0
d 3 32
( g B ) = 9B1 2 D
dx
13
y B
9 D Bdx
0
13
(9)
d 2
d
3 2
=0
2
d
d
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Setting P =
Ny
d
d
P = P0 e
y =0
dc
dy
and
4 x3
= e dx = 0.89298
3 0
3
1
e x dx
4
0
3
= D
=
y =0
D ( c cw )
B
13
x
4
9 D Bdx
3
0
(10)
qy
y =0
k (T Tw )
B
13
x
4
9 Bdx
3
0
(11)
Gamma function
Definition ( ) = e t t 1dt
(for > 0)
Properties
( + 1) = ( )
(1) = 1
1
=
2
( k + 1) = K
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Stirling formula
( + 1) 2
( for large )
e
with e = base of natural logarithm
x
( > 0 )
Q ( , x ) = e t t 1dt
( > 0 ) ;
( a ) = P ( , x ) + Q ( , x )
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering