Introduction.

The C++ program writing language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell
Labs since 1979, as an extension of the C language as he wanted an efficient
and flexible language similar to C, which also provided high-level features for
program organization. [1] The "++" is a syntactic construct used in C (to
increment a variable), and C++ is intended as an incremental improvement of C.
Most of C is a subset of C++, so that most C programs can be compiled (i.e.
converted into a series of low-level instructions that the computer can execute
directly) using a C++ compiler.
C is in many ways hard to categorise. Compared to assembly language it is highlevel, but it nevertheless includes many low-level facilities to directly manipulate
the computer's memory. It is therefore an excellent language for writing efficient
"systems" programs. But for other types of programs, C code can be hard to
understand, and C programs can therefore be particularly prone to certain types
of error. The extra object-oriented facilities in C++ are partly included to
overcome these shortcomings. [2]
Nowadays, most of the computer programs have been embedded in various
electrical and electronic devices such as washing machines, microwave, hand
phones, rice cooker and others. This computer programs have been developed to
ease humans burdens in getting things done such as bill payments, booking
transportation tickets, forecasting weather, communicating with others, and so
on. Thus, the computer inventions and computer application makes their daily
activities much efficient. [3] In this project, we are creating a program that
senses the load being put in a washing machine and thus fill in the optimal
amount of water for the best wash performance.
One of the first mechanical washing machines appeared in the early 1800s,
although they were all hand-powered. Early models cleaned clothes by rubbing
them, while later models cleaned clothes by moving them through water. Steampowered commercial washers appeared in the 1850s, but home washing
machines remained entirely hand-powered until the early 1900s, when several
companies started making electric machines. [4] The environmental impact of
washing machines is mainly caused by their electricity, water and detergent
consumption during operation time.
Overall, it is most important that the size of a washing machine is correctly
dimensioned with regard to the actual needs of a household. Due to the general
market trend towards larger washing machines (capacity of 6 to 12 kg per cycle)
and frequently unchanged traditional wash habits, washing machines in many
households are too often only partially filled. Considering this development, it is
even more important that washing machines also have a sensor capable of
estimating the weight of the laundry load and which is able to automatically
adjust programme duration and water consumption accordingly. A half loaded
machine would theoretically lead to a reduction of 50 % of electricity and water
consumption compared to a full load. Under real-world conditions, a reduction of
about 15 to 20 % can be achieved through load sensors. [5]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B

[2] http://edwards1.phy.ohiou.edu/~roche/group_page/tips/INTRODUCING_C+
+.html
[3] Omar Abu Hassan, Computer Programming Of C++: The Theoretical
Concepts and Guides to Master Basic Computer Programming Skills,
Design and its Program Development, UTHM, 2016.
[4] Marton, Barry, How Products Are Made: Washing Machine, Gale Research
Inc., 1996.
[5] Josephy, B.; Bush, E.; Nipkow, J.; Attali, S. (2011): Washing Machines, Key
Criteria for Best Available Technology (BAT), Topten International Services
(Paris, France),
http://www.topten.eu/uploads/File/039_Barbara_Josephy_final_Washing.pdf