-

Reacciones

+
+ H
H 3 A H 2 A
+
2+ H
HA

H2 A
+
3+ H
2 A
HA
-

+
H

OH

H2 A

+
H

2
HA

+
H

H2 A

3
A

+
H

2
HA

Kw=

Equilibrios

Constantes de especies

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka 1

[H A]
H 3 A= 3 =
Ca

H2 A

+
H

+
H

Ka1

Ka1

H 2 A=

2
HA

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka1

Ka 1 Ka 2

HA =
3
A

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka 1

A=
-

Balance de energia

+
H

H2 A

2
HA

3
A

OH

RESOLVIENDO
+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+3 CaKa1 Ka 2 Ka3

+
H

+
H

+
H

+ Ka1 Ka 2 Ka 3

+
H

Ka1

+
H

+
H

+
H

H +3 CaKa1 Ka2 Ka3

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka 1

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka 1

+
H

2
Kw

+
H

+
H

+
H

+ Ka1 Ka2 Ka3

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

Ka1

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

Kw Ka1

Ka1

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H

+
H =0

Kw Ka1

Ka1

+
H

Ka 1Ca
+
H

+
H

Ka

Ka1 Kw2 Ca Ka1 Ka2

+
H

+
H

Ka1 Ka2Ka 1 CaKw