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FORCED VIBRATIONS
FORCED VIBRATIONS
External forces may be harmonic, non-harmonic but periodic, non-periodic but having a
These excitations are generally in the form of displacements, initial velocities or both.
defined form or random.
mx k ( x ) mg F (t )
10/12/2016
mx k ( x ) mg F (t )
k mg gives
x
k
F (t )
x
(1)
m
m
Assad Anis, NED University of Engineering & Technology- Pakistan
x (t ) x h ( t ) x p (t )
xh
k
x h 0 ( 2)
m
k
F
x p 0 cos t (3)
m
m
Equation(2) is the differential equation of motion for free vibration
xp
in previous chapter is
where
k
as before
m
Assad Anis, NED University of Engineering & Technology- Pakistan
10/12/2016
x p (t ) X cost (5)
Where X is an unknown constant, which must be obtained
such that the assumed solution does in fact satisfy the
differential equation.
F0
m ( 6)
k
2
m
F0
F0
k
k
( A)
2
m
1 2 1
k
n
F0 cos t
(7 )
2
k 1
n
complete solution is
x p (t )
x (t ) A1 cos nt A2 sin n t
F0 cos t
(8)
2
k 1
n
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x(0) x0 , x (0) x0
A1 x0
A2
x0
F0
k m 2
10
x
F0
F0 cos t
x(t ) x0
(9)
cos t 0 sin t
k m 2
2
n
k 1
n
1
(10)
2
1
n
F0
st , static deflection of the mass under force F0 .
k
st
11
F0 cos t
k 1
n
X & are amplitude and phase angle of free vibration
2
response.
if frequency ratio r
n
X
st
1 r 2
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13
If / n , X 0
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PROBLEM
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PROBLEM
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PROBLEM
A 5 kg mass is placed at the end of 3 cm steel beam as shown
in fig. The youngs modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200 x
109 N/m2 and the moment of inertia of the beam is 1 x 10-8 m4.
When excited by a harmonic excitation of magnitude 150 N, a
vibration amplitude of 0.5 mm is observed. Determine the
frequency of the excitation.
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We obtain
F (t ) F0 sin t
mg k
mx kx cx F0 sin t
x
F
c
k
x x 0 sin t (1)
m
m
m
19
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and acceleration
x p A1 cos t A2 sin t (3)
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OR
( k
Comparing
coefficien ts
( k 2 m ) A1 c A2 F0 ( 6 )
c A1 ( k 2 m ) A2 0 ( 7 )
OR
(1 r 2 ) A1 2 r A2 X 0 ( 8 )
2 r A1 (1 r 2 ) A2 0 ( 9 )
r
c
c
F
,
,X0 0
n
Cc
2m n
k
22
X0
1 r 2 sin t 2 r cos t
xp
1 r 2 2 2 r 2
OR
X0
xp
sin t
1 r 2 2 2 r 2
Assad Anis, NED University of Engineering & Technology- Pakistan
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X 0 is the amplitude
2 r
2
1 r
Solution may also be written as
tan
x p X 0 sin t
1 r 2 r
2 2
1 . The frequency
2 . The damping
ratio , / n
factor ,
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Observations
For r 0, M .F ( ) 1
For r 1, all values of decreases
r 1,
Decrease in is significant near or at resonance
For r , 0
1 2 2
n
n 1 2 2 means n d n 1 2 n 1 2 2
max
2 1 2
Assad Anis, NED University of Engineering & Technology- Pakistan
10/12/2016
2 1 2
Assad Anis, NED University of Engineering & Technology- Pakistan
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Case # 1,
1
n
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Case # 2,
1
n
30
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Case # 3,
1
n
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PROBLEM
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PROBLEM
F F0 sin t
x A sin 1 2 n t e nt X sin(t )
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PROBLEM
x (t ) X 0 e n t cos(d t 0 ) X cos(t )
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PROBLEM
35
PROBLEM
36
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37
38
39
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c
1
tan (2r )
k
b tan 1
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2
mx cx kx Y0 k 2 c sin t b
c
mx cx kx Y0 k 1
sin t b
k
2
2
mx cx kx Y0 k 1 2r sin t b
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1 2 r
Y0
1 r
x p (t )
2 r
angle is given by
2 r
2
1 r
x p ( t ) Y 0 b sin t b
tan
b
1 2 r
1 r
2
sin t b
2 r
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F t k ( x y ) c ( x y ) m x
Differenti
ating solution
F t mY 0 b 2 ( t b )
Ft
n2
Y 0 b 2 ( t b )
F t Y 0 k b r 2 ( t b )
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PROBLEM
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PROBLEM
A racing car is modeled as a single degree-of-freedom damped
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47
48
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FT kX 0 sin(t ) cX 0 cos(t )
X 0 k 2 c sin(t t )
2
c
1
tan (2r )
k
t tan 1
FT X 0 k 1 2r sin(t t )
2
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FT F0 1 2r sin(t t )
2
FT F0 t sin(t t )
t 1 2r
2
1 2r
1 r 2r
2 2
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t 1, r 2
t 1, r 2
t 1, r 2
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a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
PROBLEM
52
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