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Management
Database
A collection of related files containing records on people, places, or things
Paper-based manual databases
Entity
Categories of information where information is stored and maintained
Examples: Customers, Suppliers, Employees, Orders, Products, Shippers, Parts
Attributes
Entity with specific characteristics
Examples: Suppliers name and address
Relational Database
Most common type of database today
Organizes data into two-dimensional tables(relations) with columns and rows
Each table contains data on an entity and its attributes
Relational Database Table Parts
Field- Various representations of attributes for the entity (One Field could contain:
Name, Street, City, State, Zip Code)
Columns- Fields in a relational database
Rows- Actual information about a single entity that resides in a table
Records- What rows are commonly referred to
Tuples- More technical term for rows
Key Field- Field that uniquely identifies each record so that the record can be
retrieved, updated, or sorted (Supplier_Number)
Primary Key- A key field designated in each table in a relational database as its
unique identifier for all the information in any row of the table; it cannot be
duplicated
Part Table
Also called a foreign key
Created to easily search for information on any individual part
Has three fields: Part_Number, Part_Name, Unit_Price, Entity_Number
Entity-Relationship Diagram
A schematic used to clarify table relationships in a relational database
Tables may have one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships
Order Table
Contains Order_Number and Order_Date fields
One-to-One
Example: Human Resources Systems
One-to-Many
Example: Relationship between Supplier and Part entities
Many-to-Many
Exists between two tables
Example: Orders can be for many parts from a supplier, and a single part can be
ordered many times on different orders
Join table or an intersection relation
A separate table for a line item in the order would serve this purpose.
Three fields: Order_Number, Part_Number and Part_Quantity
Normalization
Process of streamlining complex groups of data to minimize redundant data
elements and awkward many-to-many relationships, and increase stability and
flexibility
Referential Integrity
Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent
Part Table Contents
Part_Number; Part_Name; Unit_Price; Supplier_Number
Line Item Contents