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EHMN O@Q@ BNLO@Q@QKNR -NR QDRTKS@CNR LNRSQ@QNM PTD K@ @CHBHvM CD
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 LDRDRG@X TMDEDBSNLDMNQ 4DDMBNMSQvTMHMBQDLDMSNDMDKBNDEHBHDMSD
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BNLO@BS@BHvM BNQSD CHQDBSN BNGDRHvM X EQHBBHvM  BNLOQDRHvM TMH@WH@K
X ODQLD@AHKHC@C -@BNLO@BS@AHKHC@C CD SNC@R K@R LTDRSQ@R CD RTDKN
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KtLHSDR CD "SSDQADQF CDMRHC@C RDB@ BNMSDMHCN vOSHLN CD @FT@
ODQLD@AHKHC@C X DRETDQYN@ BNLOQDRHvM RHLOKD 3D@KHY@C@K@ OQTDA@ CD
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BNQS@MSD CDSNC@R K@R LTDRSQ@R BNMTM@ QDCTBBHvMCD K@BNGDRHvM ODQN
DM RTDKNR @QBHKKNRNR K@ BNQQDK@BHvM CDK oMFTKN CD EQHBBHvM HMSDQM@ DR
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-@O@QSD@OKHB@SHU@ CDKDRSTCHNDRK@DRS@AHKHY@BHvMCDRTDKNR BNMS@LHM@C@R
BNM GHCQNB@QATQN CD ODSQvKDN &M DK DRSTCHN TSHKHY@BHvM CD K@R @QDM@R
BNMS@LHM@C@R BNM ODSQvKDN DM BNMBQDSN @REoKSHBN O@Q@ B@LHMNR
RDBTMC@QHNR "K .TS@HQH  &HC  DM ,TV@HS RD DMBTDMSQ@ PTD K@
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@REoKSHBNBNLNRTLHMHRSQN@RDQ @A@RSDBHCNDMK@OQNCTBBHvMCDL@SDQH@KDR
CD BNMRSQTBBHvM @REoKSHB@ -@R LDYBK@R ETDQNM CD BNMBQDSN@RE@KSHBN CD



TM@ B@KHC@C PTD OTDCD RDQ TR@CN ONQ B@LHMNR RDBTMC@QHNR A@RDR X
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CD BNMSDMBHvM N DRS@AHKHY@BHvM CD SDQQ@OKDMDR
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OTCN BNMBKTHQ K@UH@AHKHC@CCDK DLOKDN CD @BDHSD PTDL@CN O@Q@ LDINQ@Q
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RTAA@RDR FQ@MTK@QDR -NR L@XNQDR HMBQDLDMSNR CDCDMRHC@CLoWHL@
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@CUDQRNRDMK@ROQNOHDC@CDRFDNSrBMHB@R AoRHB@RCDKRTDKNCDETMC@BHvM
1@Q@DRS@AHKHY@Q DRSNR RTDKNR BNMS@LHM@CNRRD G@TR@CN U@QHNR @CHSHUNR
B@K BDMHY@ UNK@MSD X BDLDMSN KNR BT@KDR LDINQ@M K@R OQNOHDC@CDR
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CHRBTRHvM ONQ BT@KPTHDQ@CD K@R RHFTHDMSDR Q@YNMDR 4GHFDM@J@  
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SHDMDM CHEDQDMSDR DEDBSNR SvWHBNR X LDB@MHRLNRCD @BBHvM  DK @BDHSD
CDQQ@L@CN BNMRS@MSDLDMSD DM DK LDCHN @LAHDMSD B@LAH@ CDAHCN @
OQNBDRNR EtRHBNR X CD LDSDNQHY@BHvM AHNKvFHB@ KN PTDRHFMHEHB@ PTD RT
SvWHBNDEDBSN S@LAHrM B@LAH@BNM DK SHDLON  NQF@MHRLNR CHEDQDMSDR
HMBKTRN CDK LHRLN NQF@MHRLN QD@BBHNM@M CD L@MDQ@ CHEDQDMSD @ K@
DWONRHBHvM SvWHB@   KNR RTA KDS@KDR DEDBSNR CDK @BDHSD @ K@ DWONRHBHvM
OTDCDQDRTKS@Q DM HLO@BSNR ONAK@BHNM@KDR NBNLTMHS@QHNR @uNR CDROTrR
CD K@DWONRHBHvM HMHBH@K 1NQ S@MSN K@ BNMS@LHM@BHvM CDRCD TMOTMSN CD
UHRS@ LDCHN@LAHDMS@K DR K@ @KSDQ@BHvM CD K@R B@Q@BSDQtRSHB@R EtRHB@R
PTtLHB@R N AHNKvFHB@R CD KNR E@BSNQDR LDCHN@LAHDMS@KDR DM FQ@CN S@K
PTD RTONMF@M TM QHDRFN HM@BDOS@AKD O@Q@ K@ R@KTC GTL@M@ N KNR
DBNRHRSDL@R .DM@ /HDUDR  
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L@SDQH@ NQFoMHB@ @FT@ @HQD X NQF@MHRLNR UHUNR &KRTDKNBNMRSHSTXDK@
O@QSD CD K@RTODQEHBHD SDQQDRSQD RNAQD K@ PTD RD @RHDMS@ K@UHC@ UDFDS@K X
RNAQD K@ BT@K RD HLOK@MS@ K@L@XNQ O@QSD CD K@R @BSHUHC@CDR GTL@M@R
RHDMCN @CDLoR K@ HMSDQE@Y DMSQD K@ SHDQQ@ DK @HQD X DK @FT@ KN PTD KN
BNMEHDQD B@O@BHC@CCD CDRDLODu@Q S@MSN ETMBHNMDR M@STQ@KDR BNLN CD
TRNh 4@AQNRN (NMY@KDR  1@RSNQ &HW@QBG   &K RTDKN DRSo
BNLOTDRSN CDTM@L@SQHY HMSDFQ@C@ ONQ BHMBN BNLONMDMSDR OQHMBHO@KDR
5NQQDR %DKF@CN  ;TKT@F@ .NMSNX@  

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@CPTHQHCNR CTQ@MSD RT TSHKHY@BHvM "QMDQ #@QADQoM  .TQ   &K
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CD BNMS@LHM@BHvM X CHBGN KTAQHB@MSD CDAD RDQ QDLNUHCN N B@LAH@CN
BT@MSN @MSDR OTDRSNPTD RTR OQNOHDC@CDR EtRHB@R PTtLHB@R G@M RHCN
@KSDQ@C@R X MN KD ODQLHSDM QD@KHY@Q RT K@ANQ @ B@A@KHC@C MNSoMCNRD DM
TM HMBQDLDMSN DM DK CDRF@RSD CDK LNSNQh /rCDQ .TuNY  3 .@QtM
 
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AHNL@R@ $ K@ QDROHQ@BHvM K@ SNWHBHC@C CD K@R KNLAQHBDR CD SHDQQ@ X
FDQLHM@BHvM CD K@ RDLHKK@ CD LNRS@Y@ %@VRNM DS @K   6M@
LDINQ DU@KT@BHvM RD KNFQ@Qt@ RH RD HMBKTXDRDM NSQNR HMCHB@CNQDR
ONSDMBH@KDR CD tMCNKD DBNKvFHBN AHNKvFHBN ONQ DIDLOKNR DK FQ@CN CD
CHUDQRHC@C FDMrSHB@ DK QDMCHLHDMSN CD KNR BTKSHUNR DK UHFNQ CD K@R
OK@MS@R X RT CDR@QQNKKN Q@CHB@K X K@ B@KHC@C CDK @FT@ PTD CQDM@
RTODQEHBH@KLDMSD @Rt BNLN K@PTD RD OHDQCDONQ KHWHUH@BHvM RTASDQQoMD@
&M BT@MSN @ K@ UDKNBHC@C CD CHBGNR B@LAHNR DWHRSDM OQNBDRNR B@RH
HQQDUDQRHAKDR BNLN RNM K@ BNLONRHBHvM LHMDQ@K K@ CHRSQHATBHvM CD
O@QStBTK@R CDCHEDQDMSDR S@L@uNR K@ENQL@BHvM CD KNR RTDKNR DK CDR@QQNKKN
CDK ODQEHK K@ DQNRHvM GtCQHB@ N DvKHB@ DSB $@KCDQvM .NQDMN  #@QQ@
  5@LAHrM RD SHDMDMLDCHCNQDR CDHMCHB@CNQDR CD BNMS@LHM@BHvM
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24E@C6D 7`D:4@ >64^?:4@D 56= DF6=@

&K @MoKHRHR CD TM OQNAKDL@ CDBNMS@LHM@BHvM CD RTDKN CDODMCD CD K@

HMENQL@BHvM F@M@C@ DM B@LON X DM K@ANQ@SNQHN BNM DK OQNOvRHSN CD
QDLDCH@Q XSNL@Q @BBHNMDR BNQQDBSHU@R -NWG@L   -@R OQHMBHO@KDR
OQNOHDC@CDRHMFDMHDQHKDR OTDCDMRDQ SQ@S@C@R A@INKNR OQHMBHO@KDR FQTONR
@ @PTDKKNR PTD SQ@S@MBNM OQNBDRNR CD SQ@MRONQSD CD BNMS@LHM@MSDR
ODQLD@AHKHC@C ONQNRHC@C CDMRHC@C DRSQTBSTQ@ CDK RTDKN X FQ@CN CD
R@STQ@BHvM X A @PTDKKNR PTDSQ@S@M BNMDK DRETDQYN X BNLO@BS@BHvM CD
RTDKNR DRCDBHQ OQNOHDC@CDREtRHB@RLDBoMHB@RODQSHMDMSDR@K@DRS@AHKHC@C
CD RTDKNR X OQNOHDC@CDR HMUNKTBQ@C@R DM K@ QDLDCH@BHvM CD RHSHNR
BNMS@LHM@CNR :NMF   -NR QDRTKS@CNR RD @OKHB@M DM K@
6DE23:=:K24:b? 56 DF6=@D CDEHMHCN BNLN DK LDINQ@LHDMSN CD K@R
OQNOHDC@CDR EtRHB@R CD TMRTDKN@ SQ@UrR CDOQNBDCHLHDMSNR LDBoMHBNR
D HMBNQONQ@BHvMCD OQNCTBSNR PTtLHBNR M@STQ@KDRN RHMSrSHBNR
2 24E@C6D 7`D:4@D 56= DF6=@

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3D@C4:b? `4D QDEHDQD @ K@ CDSDQLHM@BHvM CD K@@ARNQBHvM CDK L@SDQH@K
DM  GNQ@Rh $QDRON 7HKK@K@Y   '@C@D:525 `&R K@ QDK@BHvMDMSQD

      

 

DK UNKTLDM CD GTDBNR X DK UNKTLDM SNS@K CDK DKDLDMSN BNMRHCDQ@CNh

(NMY@KDR CD 7@KKDIN   C25@ 56 D2EFC24:b? `&R K@ QDK@BHvM
DMSQD DK UNKTLDM CD @FT@ X DK UNKTLDM CD U@BtNR CD TM RTDKN 3HBN
3NCQHFTDY  %DK $@RSHKKN   @?E6?:5@ 56 9F>6525 `&R K@
QDK@BHvM DMSQD DK ODRN CDK @FT@ BNMSDMHC@DM DK LHRLN X DK ODRN CD RT
E@RD RvKHC@h 3HBN 3NCQHFTDY  %DK $@RSHKKN   @>A24:525
C6=2E:G2 `HMCHB@ DK FQ@CN CD BNLO@BHC@C CD TM RTDKN FQ@MTK@Q DM RT
DRS@CNM@STQ@K CDSDQLHM@CNLDCH@MSDK@QDK@BHvMCDKLoWHLN HMBQDLDMSN
ONRHAKD CD RTQDK@BHvM CD U@BtNR @K@ @LOKHSTC SNS@K CDU@BtNR CD CHBG@
QDK@BHvMh $QDRON 7HKK@K@Y   )6=24:b? 56 2:C6 G24`@D `&R K@
QDK@BHvM CDK UNKTLDM @HQD U@BtNR @K UNKTLDM DRODBtEHBN CDK RTDKNh
8GHSKNV   '=2DE:4:525 `SHDMD TM DEDBSN HLONQS@MSD DM K@R
OQNOHDC@CDR CD HMFDMHDQt@ BNLN K@ QDRHRSDMBH@ @K BNQSD X K@
BNLOQDRHAHKHC@C RD TR@ K@ BNMRHRSDMBH@ OKoRSHB@ BNLN A@RD O@Q@ RT
BK@RHEHB@BHvMh8GHSKNV   '6C>623:=:525 CDKRTDKN DR K@B@O@BHC@C
PTD SHDMD rRS@ O@Q@ ODQLHSHQ DK O@RN CDK @FT@ `CDODMCD CD U@QHNR
E@BSNQDR BNLN UHRBNRHC@C CDK EKTHCN CHRSQHATBHvM CDK S@L@uN CD KNR
ONQNR CHRSQHATBHvM FQ@MTKNLrSQHB@ QDK@BHvM CDU@BtNR QTFNRHC@C CD K@R
O@QStBTK@R LHMDQ@KDR X FQ@CN CD R@STQ@BHvM CDK RTDKNh %@R  
3 24E@C6D >64^?:4@D 56= DF6=@

&RSoM QDEDQHCNR @K@QDRHRSDMBH@ PTDrRSD NEQDBD EQDMSD @B@QF@R DWSDQM@R

SDMDLNR )6D:DE6?4:2 4@CE2?E6 56= DF6=@ `&R K@ QDRHRSDMBH@ HMSDQM@
ONQ oQD@ TMHS@QH@ PTD K@ L@R@ CD RTDKN NEQDBD O@Q@ QDRHRSHQ K@ E@KK@ X DK
CDRKHY@LHDMSN@ KNK@QFN CD BT@KPTHDQ OK@MN CDMSQNCD rKh%@R   RD
@M@KHY@KNR O@QoLDSQNR CD QDRHRSDMBH@ @K DRETDQYN BNQS@MSD K@ BNGDRHvM
X DK oMFTKNCD EQHBBHvM HMSDQM@ )6D:DE6?4:2 2 4@>AC6D:b? D:>A=6 RD
TR@ BNLN HMCHB@CNQ CD K@BNMRHRSDMBH@ CD K@R @QBHKK@R DR @CDBT@CN RT
BoKBTKN DMRTDKNR @QBHKKNRNR LDCH@MSD K@OQTDA@ CD BNLOQDRHvM RHLOKD
+C2E2>:6?E@ 56 DF6=@D 4@?E2>:?25@D A@C 246:E6 C6D:5F2= @
9:5C@42C3FC@D

&K @BDHSD QDRHCT@K HMEKTXD MDF@SHU@LDMSD DM K@R OQNOHDC@CDR EtRHB@R

PTtLHB@R X AHNKvFHB@R CD KNR RTDKNR 4H DRSNR RTDKNR RNM BNMS@LHM@CNR
BNM KNR OQNCTBSNRCDKODSQvKDN B@TR@MK@CDFQ@C@BHvM 4YSNLOJ@  
MN RHDMCN @CDBT@CN O@Q@TRNR @FQtBNK@R CDAHDMCN RDQ AHNQQDLDCH@C@R
LDCH@MSD LTBGNR OQNBDRNR KNR BT@KDR OTDCDM RDQ B@KDE@BBHvM N
@TLDMSN CDK@SDLODQ@STQ@ EDQSHKHY@MSDBNLDQBH@KNKDvEHKN$NTKNM 1DKKDSHDQ
(NTQG@MS  %DKHKKD   DK LHRLNBKHL@ EQtFHCNCDK CDRHDQSN ONK@Q K@R
B@Q@BSDQtRSHB@R CD KNR BNMS@LHM@MSDR K@SDLODQ@STQ@ DK A@INBNMSDMHCN
CD GTLDC@C 4@MRB@QSHDQ -@HMF 3DHLDQ  ;DDA   K@
DKDBSQNQDLDCH@BHvM BNMRHRSDMSD DM @OKHB@Q BNQQHDMSD DKrBSQHB@ O@Q@
OQNLNUDQ DK LNUHLHDMSN CD KNR BNMS@LHM@MSDR 1@YNR 3NR@KDR
"KBoMS@Q@ (vLDY  4@MQNLoM   TSHKHY@BHvM CDK@ NWHC@BHvM CDK
ODQvWHCN CD GHCQvFDMNB@S@KHY@C@ ONQ NWtFDMN AoRHBN CD QDRHCTNR CD
DRBNQH@ CD GNQMNR O@Q@ QDLDCH@Q RTDKNR BNMS@LHM@CNR BNM @BDHSD N
BNLATRSHAKD CHDRDK 5R@H  ,@N   DK LrSNCNCD K@ EHSNQQDLDCH@BHvM
PTD SHDMD CHUDQR@R BK@RHEHB@BHNMDR BNM A@RD DM K@ @BSHUHC@C EHRHNKvFHB@
CD K@ROK@MS@R @KDMEQDMS@Q KNR BNMS@LHM@MSDRCDK RTDKN CDDRSD LNCN RD
SHDMDMOK@MS@R PTD RNM B@O@BDR CDQDLNUDQ BNMS@LHM@MSDR HMNQFoMHBNR
X @BTLTK@QKNR DM RTR SDIHCNREHSNDWSQ@BBHvM EHSN@BTLTK@BHvMX EHSNLHMDQt@
'DQQDQ@ $DQQ@SN 3NI@R "UDKHY@O@ 1NFFH 7@Q@KCN "K@QBvM 
$@uHY@QDR 7HKK@MTDU@   EHM@KLDMSD S@LAHrMRDOTDCD HMCHB@Q PTD
DWHRSD K@ ONRHAHKHC@C CD K@ HMBKTRHvM CD A@BSDQH@R KNR BT@KDR OTDCD
@BDKDQ@Q K@ CDFQ@C@BHvM CD GHCQNB@QATQNR

  



#% %!%#$ I"#

-NR HMRSQTLDMSNR DLOKD@CNR ETDQNM $TBG@Q@ CD $@R@FQ@MCD UHCQHN

DRLDQHK@CN S@LHBDR DPTHON 1QNBSNQ OHRvM ODQLDoLDSQN CD B@QF@
U@QH@AKDDMR@LAK@CN DMK@ANQ@SNQHN  A@K@MY@ GNQMN DPTHON SQH@WH@K X
DPTHONCD BNLOQDRHvM TMH@WH@K

$+) #* 0 $X+&&*

&K SHON CD DRSTCHN DR CD @KB@MBD BNQQDK@BHNM@K TSHKHYoMCNRD O@Q@ K@
HMSDQOQDS@BHvM X BNMSQ@RSD CD K@GHOvSDRHR DK BNDEHBHDMSDCDBNQQDK@BHvM CD
1D@QRNM

)*,#+&*
-@ ONAK@BHvMCD DRSTCHNDR DK RTDKN EHMN CD A@I@OK@RSHBHC@C DWSQ@tCN CDK
KTF@Q CDMNLHM@CN1@S@KK@MH 1TMN BTXN S@L@uN LTDRSQ@KDR B@KHB@S@R
DWB@U@C@R @L CD OQNETMCHC@C

2C24E6C`DE:42D :?:4:2=6D BF6 AC6D6?E2 6= DF6=@ 2C4:==@D@

&K RTDKN M@STQ@K DMDRSTCHNTM@@QBHKK@CD A@I@ OK@RSHBHC@C$-  BNMONB@

OQDRDMBH@ CD KHLNR @QDM@R X FQ@U@R DK BT@K RD DMBTDMSQ@ DM K@ O@QSD
RTODQEHBH@K G@RS@ TM@ OQNETMCHC@C @OQNWHL@C@ CD  L @ O@QSHQ CDK
BT@K RD DMBTDMSQ@ KDBGN CD QNB@ -@CDMRHC@CRDB@ CDK RTDKNDR CD
FBL GTLDC@C M@STQ@K CD  U@QH@MCN RDFxM K@R DRS@BHNMDR CDK
@uN

-NR L@SDQH@KDR TSHKHY@CNR ETDQNMDK RTDKNEHMN X @BDHSDQDRHCT@K &K @BDHSD

RD LDYBKv DM OQNONQBHNMDR CD      X  CDK
ODRN RDBN CD K@ LTDRSQ@ CD RTDKN

+23=2 
2C24E6C`DE:42D 8C2?F=@>_EC:42D J A=^DE:42D 56= DF6=@

Caracterstica
Tamao de las partculas
Grava
Arena
Limo y arcilla
Lmites de Atterberg
Lmite lquido
Lmite plstico
ndice de plasticidad

Smbolo

Porcentaje

G
S
M yC

4.12
27.02
68.86

LL
LP
IP

37.86
21.97
15.89

'TDMSD &K@ANQ@BHvM OQNOH@ &M A@RD @ KNR DMR@XNR CD FQ@MTKNLDSQt@ X OK@RSHBHC@C

%D K@ S@AK@  DK  DR FQ@U@ DK  DR @QDM@ X DK  CD K@ LTDRSQ@ DR KHLN X @QBHKK@ ONQ S@MSN DR TM RTDKN CD FQ@MN EHMN ODQN CDAHCN @
RT tMCHBD CD OK@RSHBHC@C CD  DK RTDKN RD BK@RHEHB@ BNLN $- RDFxM DK 4HRSDL@ 6MHEHB@CN CD $K@RHEHB@BHvM CD 4TDKNR 46$4 
24E@C6D 7`D:4@D 56= DF6=@ 2C4:==@D@ 2764E25@D A@C 6= 246:E6 C6D:5F2=

4D @M@KHY@M KNR E@BSNQDR EtRHBNR PTDRD LTDRSQ@M DM K@ S@AK@ 

+23=2 
2C24E6C`DE:42D 7`D:42D 56= DF6=@ 2 5:76C6?E6D 4@?E6?:5@D56 246:E6 C6D:5F2=

Indicador

Und.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

Lmite lquido,
%
37.86 25.49 23.98 23.73 22.94 17.38
LL
Lmite plstico,
21.97 18.93 15.87 15.89 14.52 13.74
%
LP
ndice de
15.89
6.56
8.11
7.84
8.42
3.64
%
plasticidad, IP
Densidad seca
g/cm3 1.96
2.02
1.97
1.91
1.87
1.77
mxima, dmx
Contenido de
humedad
%
10.6
8.1
7.8
7.5
6.5
5.8
ptimo, CHO
Permeabilidad, k cm/s 1.18E-3 6.23E-4 2.45E-4 1.75E-4 1.11E-4 9.86E-5

-0.869

0.025

-0.943

0.005

-0.736

0.095

-0.882

0.020

-0.941

0.005

-0.880

0.021

'TDMSD &K@ANQ@BHvM OQNOH@ &M A@RD @ KNR DMR@XNR CD FQ@MTKNLDSQt@ X OK@RSHBHC@C

&K KtLHSD KtPTHCN A@Iv DM  X DK KtLHSD OKoRSHBN DM  @K  CD
BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD DM BNLO@Q@BHvM @K RTDKN M@STQ@K "K CDSDQLHM@Q DK
KtLHSDOKoRSHBNRD G@NARDQU@CNPTDDK RTDKNRD QDRPTDAQ@I@@BNMSDMHCNR
CDGTLDC@CONQ CDA@INCDK RTDKNMN BNMS@LHM@CN 1NQ S@MSN RDBNMBKTXD
PTD G@X TM@ QDCTBBHvM CD KNR KtLHSDR CD OK@RSHBHC@C DK @BDHSD QDRHCT@K
RTRSHSTXD @K @FT@ -NR tMCHBDR Q   X Q   O@Q@ DK KtLHSD
KtPTHCN X KtLHSD OKoRSHBN QDRODBSHU@LDMSD HMCHB@M PTD DWHRSD TM@



BNQQDK@BHvM HMUDQR@ LTX @KS@ DMSQD DK BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD QDRHCT@K X DK

KtLHSD KtPTHCN X KtLHSD OKoRSHBN DR CDBHQ @ L@XNQ BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD
QDRHCT@K RD NARDQU@ TM@QDCTBBHvM CD @LANR KtLHSDR KN BT@K QDRTKS@ RDQ
RHFMHEHB@SHUN O    &K BNDEHBHDMSD Q   O@Q@ DK tMCHBD OKoRSHBN
HMCHB@ PTD DWHRSD TM@ BNQQDK@BHvM HMUDQR@ @KS@ DMSQD DK BNMSDMHCN CD
@BDHSDX DK tMCHBD OKoRSHBN KN BT@K RDOQDRDMS@ BNMSDMCDMBH@ O   

      

    

$  $ "#%  &K%# $"*# # $"# K# I#  #% 

&M DK DRSTCHN DK LoWHLN BNMSDMHCN CD GTLDC@C B@Xv CD  @

 4H RD TSHKHY@ DK @BDHSD QDRHCT@K BNLN DRS@AHKHY@CNQ O@Q@ K@
BNLO@BS@BHvM CD SDQQ@OKDMDR G@X PTDSDMDQ DMBTDMS@PTD HMHBH@KLDMSD
@TLDMS@ K@CDMRHC@CRDB@ X ONQ BNMRHFTHDMSD K@QDRHRSDMBH@ DMSNMBDR K@
TSHKHY@BHvM CDK @BDHSD QDRHCT@K DM ODPTDu@R B@MSHC@CDR CD @K DM
ODRN RDBN CD K@ LTDRSQ@ LDINQ@Qt@ K@ BNLO@BS@AHKHC@CCDK RTDKN -NR
tMCHBDR Q   X Q   O@Q@ K@ CDMRHC@C RDB@ LoWHL@ X DK
BNMSDMHCN CD GTLDC@C vOSHLN QDRODBSHU@LDMSD HMCHB@M PTD G@X TM@
BNQQDK@BHvMHMUDQR@LTX @KS@DMSQD DK BNMSDMHCNCD@BDHSDX KNR HMCHB@CNQDR
LDMBHNM@CNR QDRTKS@MCN RDQ RHFMHEHB@SHUNR O   

5DMDLNR TM@ QDCTBBHvM CD K@ ODQLD@AHKHC@C CD& @ &  BL

R &K BNDEHBHDMSD Q   HMCHB@ PTD G@X TM@ BNQQDK@BHvM HMUDQR@LTX
@KS@ONQ KNPTD@L@XNQ BNMSDMHCNCD @BDHSD QDRHCT@KLDMNQ ODQLD@AHKHC@C
CDK RTDKN QDRTKS@MCN RDQ RHFMHEHB@SHUN O   
24E@C6D >64^?:4@D 56= DF6=@ 2C4:==@D@ 2764E25@D A@C 6= 246:E6
C6D:5F2=

4D @M@KHY@M KNR E@BSNQDR LDBoMHBNR PTD RD @M@KHY@M CD @BTDQCN @ K@

S@AK@ 

+23=2 
2C24E6C`DE:42D >64^?:42D 56= DF6=@ 2 5:76C6?E6D 4@?E6?:5@D 56 246:E6 C6D:5F2=

Indicador
Resistencia a
compresin
simple, qu
Cohesin, c
ngulo de
friccin interna,

Und.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

kg/cm2 5.23

7.27

7.61

3.19

2.35

1.78

-0.775 0.070

kg/cm2 0.34

0.33

0.44

0.27

0.17

0.16

-0.768 0.074

9.52 10.15 13.12 10.65 10.15 8.67

-0.238 0.649

Phi

'TDMSD &K@ANQ@BHvM OQNOH@ &M A@RD @ KNR DMR@XNR CD FQ@MTKNLDSQt@ X OK@RSHBHC@C

1@Q@ DK DRSTCHN PT A@Iv CD  @  JFBL  @K  CD @BDHSD
@OQNWHL@C@LDMSDTM   KN PTD BNMBTDQC@BNMKNR@TSNQDR SQ@S@CNR
ODQN G@X TM HMBQDLDMSN CD DRSD DRETDQYN DM DK HMSDQU@KN CDK  @K 
CD @BDHSD DK BT@K CDAD RDQ BNMRHCDQ@CN O@Q@@M@KHY@Q K@DRS@AHKHY@BHvM N
LDINQ@LHDMSN CD RTDKNR EHMNR DM NAQ@R BHUHKDR ONQPTD RD SHDMD TM
HMBQDLDMSN CD  JFBL &K BNDEHBHDMSD Q   HMCHB@PTD DWHRSD
TM@ BNQQDK@BHvM HMUDQR@ @KS@ DMSQDDK BNMSDMHCN CD@BDHSD XK@QDRHRSDMBH@
@ BNLOQDRHvMRHLOKD OQDRDMSoMCNRD BNM SDMCDMBH@O   
-@ BNGDRHvM CDK RTDKN RD QDCTBDCD JFBL @ JFBL @K 
CD BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD Q   HMCHB@ PTD DWHRSD TM@ BNQQDK@BHvM
HMUDQR@ @KS@ DMSQD DK BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD X K@ BNGDRHvM CDK RTDKN
BNMRHCDQoMCNRD RNKN CD SDMCDMBH@ O  
&M BT@MSN @K oMFTKN CD EQHBBHvM CDK RTDKN G@X TM U@KNQ LoWHLN CD
 DMSQD DK  X  CD BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD QDRHCT@K QD@KHY@CN DM
OQTDA@R SQH@WH@KDR &K BNDEHBHDMSD Q   BNM O   HMCHB@ PTD
DWHRSD BNQQDK@BHvM A@I@ DMSQD DK BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD X DK oMFTKN CD
EQHBBHvM HMSDQM@ CDK RTDKN ONQ S@MSN MN RD ONCQt@ FDMDQ@KHY@Q CD PTD @
L@XNQ BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD QDRHCT@K HMBQDLDMS@ N CHRLHMTXD DK oMFTKN
CD EQHBBHvMHMSDQM@ CDK RTDKN
 *,* \%
&K @BDHSD QDRHCT@K LDYBK@CN BNM DK RTDKN QDCTBD KNR =`>:E6D=`BF:5@ J
A=^DE:4@ CDBQDLDMSNR RHFMHEHB@MSDR RD G@M CDSDQLHM@CN DM @LANR
KtLHSDR KtPTHCN X OKoRSHBN BNM DK HMBQDLDMSN CD K@ CTQ@BHvM CD K@
BNMS@LHM@BHvM BNM @BDHSD ONQ DMBHL@ CD @OQNWHL@C@LDMSD  LDRDR
/@YHQ   1@Q@ DK RTDKN EHMN CD FQ@CN 7* K@ B@tC@ DQ@
RHFMHEHB@SHU@LDMSD @KS@ O@Q@ DK KtLHSD KtPTHCN  X A@I@ O@Q@ DK KtLHSD
CD OKoRSHBN  @K  CDBNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD 3@GL@MDS @K  
KN PTD DR BNMRHRSDMSD BNMDK OQDRDMSD DRSTCHN
&K RTDKN LDYBK@CNBNM @BDHSD QDRHCT@K LTDRSQ@ TM@ BNMRS@MSD B@tC@ DM
K@ 7OA37+ ./8=3.+. =/-+ BNM DK HMBQDLDMSN CDK BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD
CD  @  JFBL @K  CD @BDHSD @OQNWHL@C@LDMSD  

      

 

&RSNR QDRTKS@CNRRNM BNMRHRSDMSDR BNM NSQNR QDRTKS@CNR PTDHMCHB@MPTD

K@ BNLO@BS@AHKHC@C CD SNC@R K@R LTDRSQ@R CD RTDKN @TLDMS@ BNM DK
HMBQDLDMSN CDK BNMSDMHCN CD GHCQNB@QATQN CDAHCN @ K@ QDCTBBHvM CD K@
LoWHL@ CDMRHC@C RDB@ X BNMSDMHCN vOSHLN CD @FT@ K@ QDCTBBHvM DR
LoR DM DK BNMSDMHCN vOSHLN CD @FT@ HMCHB@MCN DK DWBDRN CD @BDHSD DM
DK RTDKN X K@ S@R@ CD QDCTBBHvM DM K@ LoWHL@ CDMRHC@C RDB@ DR LoR
QoOHCN O@Q@ LTDRSQ@R 4. X $- ,G@LDGBGHX@M DS @K   NSQN
HMUDRSHF@CNQ HMCHB@ TM CDBQDLDMSNDM K@ LoWHL@ CDMRHC@C RDB@  
4G@G DS @K   1@Q@ RTDKNR CD FQ@CN 7* K@ %4. CHRLHMTXv CD
 @  F BL  KNR U@KNQDR CD 0$) B@XDQNM CD  @  O@Q@
RTDKNR CDFQ@CN7* BT@MCN KNR BNMSDMHCNR CD@BDHSDETDQNM @TLDMS@CNR
G@RS@ DK  3@GL@M DS @K   -NR L@XNQDR HMBQDLDMSNR CD
CDMRHC@CLoWHL@ O@Q@DK DMR@XNCDOQNBSNQDRSoMC@QX OQNBSNQ LNCHEHB@CN
RD DMBTDMSQ@M DM K@R BNLAHM@BHNMDR CD  CD @FT@ X  CD@BDHSD
X  CD @FT@ X  CD @BDHSD QDRODBSHU@LDMSD 3DXDR 0QSHY
  KN PTD DPTHU@KCQt@ @ K@ TSHKHY@BHvM CD TM  @  CD @BDHSD
QDRODBSN @K@ GTLDC@C vOSHL@ 4DNARDQU@ @CDLoR PTD DMSQDDK  X
 K@ CDMRHC@C RDB@ @TLDMS@ @ FBL DMB@LAHN O@Q@ U@KNQDR CD
LoR CD  CD @BDHSD DM DK RTDKN CHRLHMTXD BNMRHCDQ@AKDLDMSD
-@ BNMS@LHM@BHvM BNM ODSQvKDN HMCTBD @ TM@ QDCTBBHvM DM K@
:/<7/+,363.+. ,G@LDGBGHX@M DS @K   K@ ODQLD@AHKHC@C CDK
RTDKN EHMN CD FQ@CN 7* CHRLHMTXv CD  @  &  BL RDB 
QDRODBSHU@LDMSD 3@GL@M DS @K   &RSD DEDBSNDR HLONQS@MSD O@Q@
@OKHB@BHNMDR HMFDMHDQHKDR BNLN HLODQLD@AHKHY@BHvM CD OQDR@R
SDQQ@OKDMDR X LTQNR CD BNMSDMBHvM L@R MN @Rt O@Q@ RTDKNR @FQtBNK@R
UNKUHrMCNKNHMErQSHK CDAHCN @ PTD DK @BDHSD QDRHCT@K NBTO@ KNR U@BtNR CDK
RTDKN X MN ODQLHSD DK O@RN CDK @FT@ @ SQ@UrR CD rK
&K /=0?/<C9 + -97:</=3Q8 =37:6/ S@LAHrM RD QDCTBD BT@MCN RD
HMBQDLDMS@DK BNMSDMHCN CD@BDHSDQDRHCT@K -@R LTDRSQ@R $-B@LAH@QNM
CD TM@ BNMRHRSDMBH@ CTQ@ PT HFT@K @  ,/L @K  @ TM@
BNMRHRSDMBH@ RT@UD @K  CDK BNMSDMHCN CD GHCQNB@QATQN
,G@LDGBGHX@MDS @K   CDBQDLDMSN DM DKDRETDQYN CDBNLOQDRHvM
HMBNMEHM@C@   4G@G DS @K   KNR U@KNQDR CD $T O@Q@ RTDKNR
MN BNMS@LHM@CNR CD FQ@CN 7* ETD CD  J1@ A@I@QNM @TM U@KNQ CD 

  



#% %!%#$ I"#

J1@ @K BNMSDMHCN CD @BDHSD CD  3@GL@M DS @K   K@

BNMS@LHM@BHvMBNM @BDHSDB@TR@TM@ RHFMHEHB@MSDQDCTBBHvMDMDKDRETDQYN
CD BNLOQDRHvMHMBNMEHM@C@ PTD KKDF@ @K BNLO@Q@CNBNM DK U@KNQ CD
BNMSQNK /@YHQ   1NQ NSQN K@CNS@LAHrM RD OTDCD TR@Q DM BNMBQDSN
@RE@KSHBNCD TM@ B@KHC@C PTD OTDCD RDQ TR@CNONQ B@LHMNR RDBTMC@QHNR
A@RDR X RTA A@RDR CD B@LHMNR B@O@R HLODQLD@AKDR O@Q@ UDQSDCDQNR
X E@BHKHC@CDR CD BNMSDMBHvM N DRS@AHKHY@BHvM CD SDQQ@OKDMDR DWBDRHUNR
"K .TS@HQH  &HC   &K HMBQDLDMSN HMHBH@K CDK DRETDQYN@ BNLOQDRHvM
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