5Prosecution

Prosecutorvs.Gusman
October2016

TABLEOFCONTENTS
CONTENT
TITLEPAGE
TABLEOFCONTENTS
INDEXOFAUTHORITIES
STATEMENTOFFACTS
SUMMARYOFPLEADINGS
PLEADINGS
I.
II.

ADMISSIBILITY
TYPE OF ARMED CONFLICT, APPLICABLE LAWS AND
BELLIGERENTNEXUS
A. Theinternationalarmedconflict(IAC)betweenAstroandBereto
startedonFebruary4,2008inYukule.
B. LawapplicableintheIAC
C. NexusbetweenIACandtheoffenseschargedagainstGusman
D. Gusmanisknowledgeableandawareinthefactualcircumstances
III.
CRIMINALLIABILITIESOFGUSMAN
A. Gusman is individually criminally liable for using starvation as
methodofwarfareagainstcivilians.
i.Civiliansweredeprivedofobjectsindispensableforsurvival.
ii.Gusmanintendedtostarvetheciviliansasamethodofwarfare
iii.Gusmanclearlyhadintent
iv.AnIACexists.
v.TheAstronMilitarytroopsknewoftheexistenceofanarmed
conflict.
B.GusmanisliableunderArticle25(3)(A)
C.Gusmanisliableforthewarcrimeofattackingthecivilian
population
i.HansondirectedanattackagainstNirvana
ii.TheattackonNirvanaisanattackonacivilpopulation
iii.Hansonsintentmanifested
iv.AnIACexists.
v.HansonknewtheexistenceofanIAC.
D.GusmanliableunderArticle28(A)

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i.SuperiorsubordinateexistsbetweenGusmanandHanson
ii.Gusmanisawarethatthecrimeiscommitted
iii.FailureofGusmantoreprimandandpunishHansonsact

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E.Gusmaniscriminallyresponsiblefororderingthewarcrimeof
excessiveincidentaldamageunderArticle8(2)(b)(iv)
i.Gusmanlaunchedandattach
ii.Theattackwasexcessiveanddisproportionateinrelationtothe
overallmilitaryadvantage
iii.Gusmanhasknowledgeoftheattackwouldcauselongterm,and
severedamagetotheenvironment
iv.TheoilspillwasconductedinthecontextofanIAC.
v.Gusmanwasawareofthefactualcircumstancesofthatestablishedthe
existenceofanarmedconflict
F.GusmaniscriminallyliableandresponsibleunderArticle25(3)(B)
i.TheactionofGusmanbroughtcriminalresult
ii.Gusmanintendedtoordercriminalactions
iii.Givingorderconstitutesacrime
PRAYER

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INDEXOFAUTHORITIES

TREATIESANDCONVENTIONS
GenevaConvention,CommonArticle2
TheHagueConvention
AdditionalProtocolI
AdditionalProtocolII
UnitedNationsConventiononLawoftheSea

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12,18,20
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UNITEDNATIONSDOCUMENTS
PAGE
UnderstandingstotheConventionontheProhibitionofmilitaryoranyhostile 11
useofenvironmentalmodificationtechniques,ReportoftheConferenceofthe
CommitteeonDisarmament,VolumeI,GeneralAssemblyOfficialrecords:
31stSession,SupplementNo.27.
Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, Understanding relating to 18
Article1ofthe1976ENMODConvenyion

JUDICIALDECISIONS
Prosecutorvs.BlagojevicandJokic
Prosecutorvs.Blaskic
Prosecutorvs.Furundzjia
Prosecutorvs.Galic
Prosecutorvs.Halilovic

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20
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17,21

Prosecutorvs.KayishemaandRuzindana
Prosecutorvs.Kordic
Prosecutorvs.Krstic
Prosecutorvs.Krnojelac
Prosecutorvs.Limaj
Prosecutorvs.Lubanga
Prosecutorvs.Stakic
Prosecutorvs.Tadic

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2,11
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ESSAYS,ARTICLESANDJOURNALS
Meo,S,A.etal.EffectofDurationofExposuretoPollutedAirEnvironmenton
KungFunctioninSubjectsExposedtoCrudeOilSpillintoSeaWater.

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