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ABSTRACT
In the late sixteenth century Galileo built a sensitive temperature variation instrument.
It was a glass tube ended in a large bulb; after heating, dipping the tube at its open
water end, so that, on cooling, the level of that rose slightly. Thus, the water column
varied in length when the air inside the bulb is heated or cooled. That primitive-not
thermoscope had any scale, so it was not a thermometer properly said- presented the
problem that the height of the liquid also depended on the atmospheric pressure. In
1611, the doctor venecianoSantorre Sanctorius put a scale to that instrument, which
marked the height of the liquid by placing the bulb in ice water and then the flame of a
candle, and split the range equally.