CONTROL 2 ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES Y METODOS NUMERICOS.

JUNIO2 014
F
[ cos(Wt ) + cos( t )] es solucin del problema
1) Compruebe que X (t ) = 2
W 2

d 2 X (t )
+ W 2 X (t ) = F cos( t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
2
dt
F
[ cos(Wt ) + cos( t )] resulta
W 2
F
X '(t ) = 2
[Wsen(Wt ) sen( t )]
W 2
F
W 2 cos(Wt ) 2 cos( t )
X ''(t ) = 2
2
W

SOLUCION: Derivando X (t ) =

De donde

X ''(t ) + W 2 X (t ) =
F
W 2 cos(Wt ) 2 cos( t ) +
= 2
2
W
F
W 2 cos(Wt ) W 2 cos( t ) =
+ 2
2
W
F
(W 2 2 ) cos( t ) = F cos( t )
= 2
W 2
Adems X (0) = X (0) = 0
2) Sabiendo que
Demuestre que

L( f (t )) = sL( f (t )) f (0) y f "(t ) = f ( f (t )) :

L( f "(t )) = s 2 L( f (t )) sf (0) f (0) . Use esta

frmula para

d 2 X (t )
+ 9 X (t ) = cos(2t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0 .
2
resolver el problema
dt
Solucin: De

f "(t ) = f ( f (t ))

tenemos

L( f "(t )) = L( f ( f (t )) = sL( f (t )) f (0) =

= s [ sL( f (t )) f (0)] f (0) = s 2 L( f (t )) sf (0) f (0) .
Aplicando transformada en

d 2 X (t )
+ 9 X (t ) = cos(2t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
2
dt

resulta

L( X ) =
X=

s
s/5
s/5
=

( s 2 + 9)( s 2 + 4) ( s 2 + 9) ( s 2 + 4)

1
[cos 2t cos3t ]
5
L( X ) =

Notar

X=

s
s/5
s/5
= 2
2
2
( s + 9)( s + 4) ( s + 9) ( s + 4)
2

1
[cos 2t cos3t ]
5

3) Resuelva usando coeficientes indeterminados.

d 2 X (t )
+ 9 X (t ) = cos(2t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
dt 2
Solucin:

( D 2 + 9) X (t ) = 0 X H = A cos 3t + Bsen3t
adems ( D 2 + 4)( D 2 + 9) X (t ) = 0
Por lo tanto

X P" + 9 X P = cos 2t = 4C cos 2t 4 Dsen 2t + 9cos 2t + 9 Dsen 2t =

= 5cos 2t + 5 Dsen 2t

De donde D = 0, C = 1/ 5 y

1
X (t ) = X H + X P = A cos3t + Bsen3t + cos 2t
5
Imponiendo X (0) =0; X(0)=0 resulta A + 1/ 5 = 0; B = 0
De donde X =

1
[cos 2t cos3t ]
5

4) Aproxime X (0.1) y X(0.1) en

d 2 X (t )
+ 9 X (t ) = cos(2t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
dt 2
Usando el mtodo Ralston:

1
2
U1 = U 0 + h( K1 + K 2)
3
3
K1 = f (t0 ,U (t0 ))
K 2 = f (t0 +

3h
3hK1
,U (t0 ) +
)
4
4

Encuentre el error en X (0.1) y X(0.1)

U2

X U 1
0
U
U
f
U
=
=
;
'
=

;
(0)
=

0
Solucin: Con
X ' U 2

9U1 + cos 2t
As

U 2 (0)

0
K1 =
=
9U1 (0) + cos 2 * 0 1
3* 0.1*1

U
(0)
+
2

0.075
4
K2 =
=
3*
0.1
0.07415783

9(U (0) +

cos 2(0 + 0.075)

1

4
5*10 3
0 0.1
=
+
+
=
U
(0.1)
K
1
2
K
2
]

As
0 3 [

0.03827718

El error en X (0.1) se calcula como

1
[cos 2 * 0.1 cos3* 0.1] 5*103 = 5.3..*105
5
1
X (0.1) 0.07415783 =
[s e n 2 * 0.1 + 3sin 3* 0.1] 0.07415783 = 0.33093..
5
X (0.1) 5*103 =

PAUTA DE CONTROL 2 ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES Y METODOS

NUMERICOS.
JUNIO2 014

F
F
sin(Wt )
t cos(Wt ) es solucin del problema
2
2W
2W

1) Compruebe que X (t ) =

d 2 X (t )
+ W 2 X (t ) = F sin(Wt ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
2
dt
Solucin: Derivando X (t ) =

F
F
sin(Wt )
t cos(Wt ) y reemplazando en la
2
2W
2W

ecuacin resulta lo pedido. Adems X (0) = X (0) = 0

2) Sabiendo que
Demuestre que
resolver el

L( f (t )) = sL( f (t )) f (0) y f "(t ) = f ( f (t )) :

L( f "(t )) = s 2 L( f (t )) sf (0) f (0) . Use esta

frmula para

d 2 X (t )
+ 16 X (t ) = 2sin(4t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0 .
2
problema
dt
2a 3
Indicacin: Use L ( sen(at ) at cos(at )) = 2
(s + a2 )2
Solucin :
De

f "(t ) = f ( f (t ))

tenemos

L( f "(t )) = L( f ( f (t )) = sL( f (t )) f (0) =

= s [ sL( f (t )) f (0)] f (0) = s 2 L( f (t )) sf (0) f (0) .
Aplicando transformada en

d 2 X (t )
+ 16 X (t ) = 2sin(4t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0 resulta
dt 2
8
1 2* 4* 42
L( X ) = 2
=
( s + 42 ) 2 16 ( s 2 + 42 )2
2a 3
L
(
sen
(
at
)

at
cos(
at
))
=
Y usando la indicacin
( s 2 + a 2 ) 2 resulta

X (t ) =

1
[ sen4t 4t cos 4t ]
16

3) Resuelva usando coeficientes indeterminados.

d 2 X (t )
+ 16 X (t ) = 2sin(4t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
2
dt
Indicacin: Explique porque puede usar X P = tX H .
Solucin : En

( D 2 + 16) X (t ) = 2sin(4t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0

2 sen(4t ) es anulada por D 2 + 16 , as

X H = A cos(4t ) + Bsen(4t )
Y ( D + 16) X (t ) = ( D + 16)(2sin(4t )) = 0 con raz doble,
acompaamos la solucin por un polinomio de grado 1, la indicacin es multiplicar por
t.
2

X = tD cos 4t
Con

X ' = D cos 4t 4tDsen 4t

X " = 4 Dsen 4t 4 Dsen 4t 16tD cos 4t

De donde

X "+ 16 X = 4 Dsen 4t 4 Dsen 4t 16tD cos 4t + 16tD cos 4t =

= 8 Dsen 4t
Ahora haciendo

X = tC sin 4t
X ' = C sin 4t + 4tC cos 4t
X " = 4C cos 4t + 4C cos 4t 16tC sin 4t
Reemplazando en la ecuacin resulta
Juntando ambos resultados

X "+ 16 X = 8C cos 4t

X "+ 16 X = 2 sen 4t 8C cos 4t 8 Dsen 4t

Por lo tanto D = 1 / 4 y C=0
Con

t
X (t ) = A cos 4t + Bsen4t cos 4t
4
Las condiciones X (0) = X (0) = 0 conducen a

X (t ) =

1
t
1
sen4t cos 4t = [ sen4t 4t cos 4t ]
16
4
16

4) Aproxime X (0.1) y X(0.1) en

d 2 X (t )
+ 16 X (t ) = 2sin(4t ); X (0) = X (0) = 0
dt 2
Usando el mtodo Ralston:

1
2
U1 = U 0 + h( K1 + K 2)
3
3
K1 = f (t0 , x(t0 ))
K 2 = f (t0 +

3h
3hK1
, x(t0 ) +
)
4
4

Encuentre el error en X (0.1) y X(0.1)

U 1

U2

Solucin: Con U = X ' = U ; U ' = 9U + cos 2t f ;U (0) = 0

2

As

U 2 (0)

0
K1 =
=
9U1 (0) + cos 2 * 0 1
3* 0.1*1

U
(0)
+
2

0.075
4
K2 =
=
3*
0.1
0.07415783

9(U (0) +

cos 2(0 + 0.075)

1

 5*10 3
0 0.1
U
=
+
K
+
K
=
(0.1)
1
2
2
[
]

As
0 3

0.03827718

El error en X (0.1) se calcula como

1
[cos 2 * 0.1 cos3* 0.1] 5*103 = 5.3..*105
5
1
X (0.1) 0.07415783 =
[s e n 2 * 0.1 + 3sin 3* 0.1] 0.07415783 = 0.33093..
5
X (0.1) 5*103 =