1.

Discussion: Titration is a technique for determining either the concentration of

a solution of unknown molarity or the number of moles of a substance in a given
sample. A chemical reaction is used for this purpose, and the reaction must be
fast, be complete, and have determinable end point. The reactions of strong
acids and bases generally meet these criteria, and acid-base titrations are
among the most important examples of this technique .In this experiment, the
sample is hydrated oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide as
base substance and hydrated oxalic acid as acid substance where the
concentration of hydrated oxalic acid is unknown. Given that, the concentration
of the base are 0.2 M .Eq:An indicator is used as signal the point which the
titration is stopped. The indicator that we use in this experiment is
phenolphthalein. If we use base as titrant, and acid as solution in the Erlenmeyer
flask, at the end point, the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask will turn to light pink.
If we use acid as titrant, and base as solution in the Erlenmeyer flask, at the end
point, the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask will turn to colourless. For this
experiment, the solution turn from the colourless to light pink because we use
the base as titrant. From the experiment that we did, the actual molarity of
solution that we get is 0.21M. Ifwe double the mass of hydrated oxalic acid, the
molarity will be 0.1M NaOH due to double of volume of NaOH used during the
titration. Is it unnecessary for us to know the exact concentration of oxalic acid
solution in order to determine the concentration of the base because the mol of
acid cannot change when we dissolve the mass of oxalic acid in the unknown
volume of water in this experiment, there are some mistake like use more than
acid volume to titrate solution of NaOH. The volume has pass the end point, so
the volume uses is much more than needed. So, the colour has changed to dark
purple from light pink. To overcome this problem, we can titrate slowly and shake
the volumetric flask for about 30second when the solutions show changing in
colour from colourless to light pink. The other reasons is the using of volumetric
flask thats had been used with other solution. So, t h e concentration of newest
solution will affect. To overcome this problem, we must make sure the volumetric
flask is totally clean and dry. Thats problems had affect our result. Thats why
our result is not precise and accurate to the correct value. There is some
recommendation for this experiment. First, we must ensure that there are no
bubbles trapped at the tip of the burette during the filling of NaOH solution.
Second, we must avoid from make a parallax error for most of the measured
content. Third, the
2. NaOH solution is titration drop by droop when there are change colour of the
acid in the conical flask. Lastly, we must take each measurement must be
sharply as can so that the final result being better. References: 1.
http://www.easychem.com.au/the-acidic-environment/acid-basedefinitions/titration-technique 2. Fundamental of Chemistry, David E. Goldberg,
McGraw Hill, 303