Optional Features

Contents - 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 THERMAL OPTION
1.1

1.2

Numerical Thermal Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2 Heat Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2.2 Mathematical Model Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2.3 Numerical Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2.4 Solving Thermal-Only and Thermal-Mechanical Problems . . .
1.1.3 Heat Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3.2 Mathematical Model Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3.3 Numerical Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3.4 Stability and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3.5 Solving Thermal Convection Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.4 Input Instructions for Thermal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.4.1 3DEC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.4.2 FISH Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.5 Systems of Units for Thermal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.6 Verification Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.6.1 Conduction in a Plane Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.6.2 Heating of a Hollow Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.6.3 Infinite Line Heat Source in an Infinite Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.6.4 One-Dimensional Thermal Transport by Conduction and Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.7 Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.7.1 Thermal Convection in a Fracture at Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytical Thermal Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2.1 The Temperature Due to a Distribution of Heat Sources . . . . . .
1.2.2.2 Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2.3 Thermally Induced Stress Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.3 Application in 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4 Input Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4.1 Preparing to Solve a Thermal Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4.2 Defining Heat Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4.3 Initial and Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4.4 Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4.5 Calculating the Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1.3

Optional Features

1.2.4.6 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5.1 A Single Non-decaying Point Heat Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5.2 Superposition of Several Non-decaying Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5.3 Lines and Grids of Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5.4 Decaying Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5.5 Thermomechanical Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.6 An Example Problem Waste Repository Drift Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1 - 91
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2 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
2.1
2.2

2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

2.7
2.8
2.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 Rayleigh Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 Example of Different Damping Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4 Guidelines for Selecting Rayleigh Damping Parameters for Dynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Modes of Oscillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 Example Problems (from Cundall et al. (1979), pp. 71-73) . . . . . . . . . .
Wave Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Density Scaling for Dynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.1 Example of Partial Density Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.1 Nonreflecting Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.2 Free-Field Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.2.1 Example Using Dynamic Free Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application of Dynamic Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7.1 Baseline Correction of Input Histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculation of Natural Frequencies and Modes of Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Verification Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1 Slip on a Joint Induced by a Propagating Harmonic Shear Wave . . . . . .
2.9.1.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1.2 Analytic Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1.3 Numerical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1.4 Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1.5 Dynamic Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.1.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Line Source in an Infinite Elastic Medium with a Discontinuity . . . . . .

2.9.2.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2.2 Analytic Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2.3 Model Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2.4 Properties of Joints and Continuous Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2.5 Dynamic Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9.2

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3 STRUCTURAL LINERS AND FINITE ELEMENT BLOCKS

3.1
3.2

3.3

3.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interior Support (The STRUCTURE liner Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Structural Liner Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 Summary of Commands Associated with Liner Elements . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 Example Application Structural Liner in Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.4 Limitations of the 3DEC Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.5 Structural Element Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural Finite Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Element Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.1 Notation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.2 Geometry Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.3 Displacements and Strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.4 Stresses and Nodal Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.5 Gravity Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.6 Concentrated Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2 Element Implementation in 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.3 Contact Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4 Application of Boundary Loads and Velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.5 Solution Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.6 Generation and Use of FE Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.7 Shape Functions and Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.8 Commands and Keywords for Finite Element Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.9 Example of Creating a Finite Element Base Model of a Dam in 3DEC
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Optional Features

TABLES
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 2.7
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5

Comparison of features available with numerical vs analytical formulations . .

System of SI units for thermal problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System of Imperial units for thermal problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and parameter values for the example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution in the vicinity of several sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moduli appropriate to various deformation modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of theoretical and calculated (3DEC) dynamic period T of oscillation for three modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural frequencies (Hz) of bending modes for the square pillar . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medium properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discontinuity properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discontinuity properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of structural element liner commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Systems of units structural elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nodal coordinates in master element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coordinates of slave nodes in master element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definition of the element faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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FIGURES
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.9
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.11
Figure 1.12
Figure 1.13
Figure 1.14
Figure 1.15
Figure 1.16
Figure 1.17
Figure 1.18
Figure 1.19
Figure 1.20
Figure 1.21
Figure 1.22
Figure 1.23
Figure 1.24
Figure 1.25
Figure 1.26
Figure 1.27

Figure 1.28
Figure 1.29
Figure 1.30
Figure 1.31
Figure 1.32

3DEC grid for conduction in a plane sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Comparison of temperatures for the explicit-solution algorithm (Tables 2, 4
and 6 = analytic solution; Tables 1, 3 and 5 = 3DEC solution) . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of temperatures for the implicit-solution algorithm (Tables 2, 4
and 6 = analytic solution; Tables 1, 3 and 5 = 3DEC solution) . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC grid for heating of a hollow cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution at steady state for heating of a hollow cylinder . . .
Radial stress distribution at steady state for heating of a hollow cylinder . . .
3DEC model for an infinite line heat source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution at 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radial displacement distribution at 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radial and tangential stress distributions at 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytical and numerical temperature profiles, compared to conduction solution at steady state case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytical and numerical temperature profiles, compared to conduction solution at steady state case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC block geometry for thermal convection in a fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC block discretization for thermal convection in a fracture . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flow velocity in the fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid pressure distribution in the fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid temperature contours at steady state case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of fluid temperature at 5 monitoring points case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of rock temperature at 3 monitoring points case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid temperature contours at steady state case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of fluid temperature at 5 monitoring points case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of rock temperature at 3 monitoring points case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid temperature contours at steady state case 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of fluid temperature at 5 monitoring points case 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History of rock temperature at 3 monitoring points case 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adiabatic and isothermal boundaries and their 3DEC representations . . . . . .
A grid of heat sources, input with the command
GRID (10, 10, 10) (20, 20, 20) (20, 0, 10) &
TYP=1 STR=10 N12=5 N23=6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution around a constant heat source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution around a decaying heat source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conceptual representation of 3DEC block for modeling effect of point heat
source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC model for instantaneous point source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radial stress (Szz ) on z-axis (x = y = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Contents - 6

Figure 1.33
Figure 1.34
Figure 1.35
Figure 1.36
Figure 1.37
Figure 1.38
Figure 1.39
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.12
Figure 2.13
Figure 2.14
Figure 2.15
Figure 2.16
Figure 2.17
Figure 2.18
Figure 2.19
Figure 2.20
Figure 2.21
Figure 2.22
Figure 2.23
Figure 2.24
Figure 2.25
Figure 2.26

Optional Features

Tangential stresses Sxx and Syy along z-axis (x = y = 0) after 1 day . . . . . . . .

Tangential stresses Sxx and Syy along z-axis (x = y = 0) after 3 days . . . . . . .
z-displacement along z-axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conceptual model of repository drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC model of repository drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model of drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperatures and displacements on drift center line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variation of normalized critical damping ratio with angular frequency . . . . .
Plot of vertical displacement versus time, for a single block contacting on a
rigid base with gravity suddenly applied (no damping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plot of vertical displacement versus time, for a single block contacting on a
rigid base with gravity suddenly applied (mass and stiffness damping) . .
Plot of vertical displacement versus time, for a single block contacting on a
rigid base with gravity suddenly applied (mass damping only) . . . . . . . . .
Plot of vertical displacement versus time, for a single block contacting on a
rigid base with gravity suddenly applied (stiffness damping only) . . . . . .
Plot of velocity spectrum versus frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of fundamental wavelengths for bars with varying end conditions
Column of variably sized blocks subjected to triangular-shaped impulse load
at base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input wave (solid) at base and calculated wave (dashed) at top of column of
rigid block model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Column of variably sized blocks subdivided into finite difference zones . . . .
Input wave (solid) at base and calculated wave (dashed) at top of column of
deformable block model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfiltered velocity history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfiltered power spectral density plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Filtered velocity history at 15 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results of filtering at 15 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
View of model with small, thin blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Velocities at the bottom and top of the model, for analysis without any density
scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Velocities at the bottom and top of the model, for analysis with partial density
scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model for seismic analysis of surface structures and free-field mesh . . . . . . .
Model of dam with free field blocks visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
x-velocity histories at model base and dam crest using viscous boundaries .
x-velocities of the base and dam crest using free field boundaries . . . . . . . . . .
The baseline correction process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Square pillar model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transmission and reflection of incident harmonic wave at a discontinuity . .
Geometry for the problem of slip induced by harmonic shear . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Optional Features

Figure 2.27
Figure 2.28
Figure 2.29
Figure 2.30
Figure 2.31
Figure 2.32
Figure 2.33
Figure 2.34
Figure 2.35
Figure 2.36
Figure 2.37
Figure 2.38
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
Figure 3.10
Figure 3.11
Figure 3.12
Figure 3.13

Contents - 7

3DEC block model showing internal discretization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shear stress vs time at Points A and B for the case of an elastic discontinuity
(cohesion = 2.5 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear stress vs time at Points A and B for the case of an elastic discontinuity
(cohesion = 0.5 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear stress vs time at Points A and B for the case of an elastic discontinuity
(cohesion = 0.1 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear stress vs time at Points A and B for the case of an elastic discontinuity
(cohesion = 0.02 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of transmission, reflection and absorption coefficients . . . . . . . .
Problem geometry for an explosive source near a slip-prone discontinuity . .
Dimensionless analytical results of slip history at Point P (dimensionless slip
= (4h 2 /mo )u, dimensionless time = t/ h) (Day 1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Problem geometry and boundary conditions for numerical model . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC model showing semicircular source and joined blocks used to provide
appropriate zoned discretization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input radial velocity time history prescribed at r = 0.05 h (dimensionless
velocity = (h2 /mo )v, dimensionless time = / h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of dimensionless slip at Point P with Coulomb joint model (dimensionless slip = (4h 2 /mo )u, dimensionless time = / h) . . . . . . . .
Local stiffness matrix for structural element representation of excavation support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lumped mass representation of structure used in explicit formulation . . . . . .
Demonstration of interface slip and large displacement capabilities of explicit
structural element formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Triangular and plate-bending element subject to in-plane and bending actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tunnel with unstable roof block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertical displacement history of unstable block without liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertical displacement history of unstable block with liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dam panels of 3DEC blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dam panels extruded to model base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Base blocks extruded in the upstream and downstream directions . . . . . . . . . .
Dam with abutments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Completed dam with fault in right abutment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dam with displaced fault in abutment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 - 66
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
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3 - 11
3 - 12
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3 - 29
3 - 30
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Contents - 8

Optional Features

EXAMPLES
Example 1.1
Example 1.2
Example 1.3
Example 1.4
Example 1.5
Example 1.6
Example 1.7
Example 1.8
Example 1.9
Example 1.10
Example 1.11
Example 1.12
Example 1.13
Example 1.14
Example 1.15
Example 1.16
Example 2.1
Example 2.2
Example 2.3
Example 2.4
Example 2.5
Example 2.6
Example 2.7
Example 2.8
Example 2.9
Example 2.10
Example 2.11
Example 2.12
Example 2.13
Example 2.14
Example 2.15
Example 2.16
Example 3.1
Example 3.2

Conduction in a plane sheet explicit solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conduction in a plane sheet implicit solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating of a hollow cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Infinite line heat source in an infinite medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exponential integral function exp int.3dfis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FISH function fxface.3dfis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
One-dimensional thermal transport by conduction and convection . . . . . . .
Thermal convection in a fracture at depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Single non-decaying point heat source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature distribution in the vicinity of several sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for point sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for lines of sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for grids of sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperatures due to a single decaying heat source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermomechanical verification of 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste repository drift model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for Rayleigh damping example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for confined compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for unconfined compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file for shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Column of variably sized rigid blocks subjected to impulse load at base . .
Column of variably sized deformable blocks subjected to impulse load at
base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No density scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial density scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamic free field boundary example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elastic vibration modes of a square pillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MILR3D.3DDAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MILR3D.3DFIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DAY3D.3DDAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DAY3D.3DFIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VEL INP.3DFIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANA SLP.3DFIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural liner in tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finite element model of a dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3DEC Version 5.0

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