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A1
DYNAMIC INTEGRAL ENGLISH
By. Jyuber E. Alvarez C.

Regional Center of English Teaching
A1
INTRODUCCIN
Dynamic Integral English (Ingls Dinmico Integral) es un curso de ingls comunicativo para estudiantes
del idioma como segunda lengua, el cual est diseado y estructurado en base a los niveles establecidos
por el Marco Comn Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER): A1, A2, B1, B2, y C1.
El nivel que corresponde a este folleto es el A1 (principiante), en el cual los estudiantes tanto principiantes
como no principiantes entrarn en contacto con el idioma a travs de temas y actividades que les permitan
desarrollarse en la lengua en estudio en sus cuatro habilidades y sub-habilidades.
Al finalizar este nivel A1 (principiante), l o la estudiante estarn aptos para:
1. Poner en prctica de forma oral y escita el vocabulario adquirido.
2. Redactar oraciones sencillas en la segunda lengua.
3. Presentarse y presentar a otros.
4. Pedir informacin acerca de la procedencia y las profesiones.
5. Comunicarse oralmente de manera sencilla con otras personas que hablen despacio y claramente.
6. Traducir oraciones y textos pequeos, y sencillos de la segunda lengua a la materna y viceversa.
Este folleto est compuesto de 17 lecciones (lessons), las cuales estn elaboradas con los siguientes temas:
Lesson 1: I am Im; Lesson 2: I am not Im not; Lesson 3: It is Its It is not Its not It
isnt; Lesson 4: You areYoure; Lesson 5: We are, They are Were Theyre; Lesson 6:
You are not Youre not You arent We are not Were not We arent They are not Theyre
not They arent; Lesson 7: Am I? Are you?; Lesson 8: Is he? Is she? Is it?; Lesson 9:
Are we? Are you? Are they?; Lesson 10: This is These are; Lesson 11: That is Those are;
Lesson 12: Is this? Is that?; Lesson 13: There is There are; Lesson 14: There is not Theres
not There isnt There are not Therere not There arentLesson 15: Is there? Are there?
Isnt there? Arent there?; Lesson 16: There was There were There was not There wasnt
There were not There werent; Lesson 17: Was there? Were there? Wasnt there? Werent
there?
Ten la mejor oportunidad de tener xito!
INDEX
INTRODUCCIN ............................................................................................................................................................... i
SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB TO BE ..................................................................................................................... 1
LESSON
1: I am. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
LESSON
2: I am not. ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
LESSON
3: It is .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
LESSON
4: You areWe areThey are .................................................................................................................. 9
LESSON
6: You are not Youre not You arentWe are not Were not We arent ............................... 10
They are not Theyre not They arent ................................................................................................................... 10

LESSON
7: Am I?Are you? ................................................................................................................................. 11
LESSON
8: Is he?Is she?Is it? .......................................................................................................................... 13
LESSON 9: Are we?Are you?Are they? ............................................................................................................. 16

LESSON 10: This isThese are ..................................................................................................................................... 17
LESSON 11: That isThose are .................................................................................................................................... 18
Lesson
12: Is this?Is that? ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Lesson
13: There isThere are ............................................................................................................................ 20
Lesson
14: There is not/Theres not/There isnt ........................................................................................... 21
There are not/Therere not/There arent ............................................................................................................... 21

Lesson
15: Is there?Are there? .............................................................................................................................. 22
Lesson
16: There wasThere were ......................................................................................................................... 23
Lesson
17: Was there?Were there? ................................................................................................................... 24
TODO LO QUE DEBES SABER SOBRE EL VERBO TO BE...................................................................... 27

BIBLIOGRAPHY: ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
SOURCE OF PICTURES ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
ii
Dynamic Integral English___________________________________

SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB TO BE
LESSON
1:
I am.
I [i]
Yo. (Se escribe siempre con mayscula en el idioma ingls).
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I am [i am]
Glad
Sad
Happy
Busy
Occupied
Tired
Pam
Alice
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Yo soy/Yo estoy. (Tambin se traduce como: Soy/Estoy).

Contento, Contenta.
Triste.
Feliz, Dichoso, Dichosa.
Ocupado, Ocupada.
Ocupado, Ocupada.
Cansado, Cansada.
Pam (nombre de persona).
Alice (nombre de persona).
APPLICATION:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
I am glad.
I am sad.
I am happy.
I am busy.
I am tired.
I am Alice.
I am occupied.
English... the most broadly spoken

language all over the world!
PRESENTATION
IM
I am Im [im]
I am
:
Yo soy/Yo estoy; sufre una contraccin en la lengua oral y se vuelve Im [im].
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
:
Man
:
Woman :
Doctor :
Taxi driver
Actress :
Un, Una.
Hombre.
Mujer.
Doctor, Mdico.
:
Taxista.
Actriz.
7. Victor
:
8. Linda
:
9. Teacher :
10. Professor :
11. Artist
:
12. Housewife
Vctor.
Linda.
Profesor, Profesora.
Profesor, Profesora.
Artista.
:
Ama de casa.
1
Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Cuando hablemos de nuestra profesin o la de otra persona debemos utilizar el artculo indefinido a/an
antes de la profesin; sin embargo, este artculo (a/an) no se traduce al espaol.
Ejemplo:
I am a doctor. [Yo soy doctor/mdico].
Incorrecto:
Yo soy un doctor.
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Im a man.
Im a woman.
Im a doctor.
Im Victor.
Im Linda.
Im a teacher.
Im a professor.
Im an architect.
Professor :
Profesor, Profesora (se refiere al
docente universitario con grado de post-grado, maestra o doctorado).
Frase para preguntar y responder sobre la profesin de
alguien:
What do you do?

(A qu te dedicas?)
What do you do for a living?
(En qu trabajas? A qu te dedicas?)
Forma de contestar ambas preguntas:
En el ingls hablado es muy comn reducir el

sonido en las oraciones o frases. La unin de dos
o ms sonidos en una oracin o frase se le conoce
como linked sounds (sonidos unidos) o
connected speech (discurso conectado).
Cuando hay transformacin en los sonidos de
oraciones o frases se le conoce como reduced
speech (discurso reducido). El linked sound
se produce al unir la consonante final de un
sonido con la vocal inicial de otro sonido.
Ejemplos:
Linked sounds o Connected Speech
Im a teacher.
/ima tcher/
How are you? /juar i/
Reduced Speech
Ejemplos:
Let me introduce you my wife.
I am a __________________.
Im a ___________________.
/lmi introdiusiu mi wif/
Ejemplo:
________________________________________________.
2

LEARNING ACTIVITIES [ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE]
I.
Translate from Spanish to English.
a) Soy un hombre.
________________________________________________________________________________.
b) Soy doctor.
________________________________________________________________________________.
c) Estoy contento.
________________________________________________________________________________.
d) Estoy contenta.
________________________________________________________________________________.
II.
Look at the pictures and write in the blanks the profession for each person.
________________________
III.
_____________________
_________________________
Make the contraction
1. I am Robert.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. I am a doctor.
________________________________________________________________________________.

IV.
Pronunciation Activity.
Write the symbol (
) to show where the connected speech (linked sounds) or reduced speech is.
Example:
I am an accountant. /i am an akuntant/
/i emanakuntant/
1. I am a man.
/i am a mean/
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Im an artist.
/im an artist/
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Im an engineer. /im an inyenir/
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. I am an architect.
/i am an rquitekt/
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Im a police officer.
/im a pols fiser/
________________________________________________________________________________.
6. I am an actor.
/i am an ctor/
________________________________________________________________________________.

LESSON 2:
I am not.
Not
I am not
An
:
:
:
No.
Yo no soy / Yo no estoy. (Tambin se traduce como: No soy/No estoy).
Un, Una.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A/An
Animal
Kid
Big
English
Shy
Rude
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Un, una.
Animal.
Nio (genrico).
Grande.
Ingls.
Tmido, Tmida.
Grosero, Grosera.
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
I am not a kid.
I am not big.
I am not English.
I am not an animal.
I am not a woman, Im Robert.
I am not shy.
I am not rude.
PRESENTATION
Im not [im not]
estoy).
IM NOT
Yo no soy/Yo no estoy. (Tambin se puede traducir como: No soy/No
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bob
Tony
A baby
A cook
A pilot
A nurse
A babysitter
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Bob (nombre de persona).

Tony (nombre de persona).
Un beb, Una beb.
Un cocinero, una cocinera.
Un piloto.
Un enfermero, Una enfermera.
Una niera.
5

APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Im not Bob, Im Johnny.

Im not Tony, Im Robert.
Im not a baby, Im a man.
Im not a cook.
Im not a pilot.
Im not bad.
Im not a bad cook.
DRILLS:
I.
Translate from Spanish to English. [Traduzca del ingls al espaol]
1. No soy un nio.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. No soy piloto.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. No soy Karina, soy Lisa.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. No soy un animal.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. No soy malo.
________________________________________________________________________________.
6. No soy cocinero.
________________________________________________________________________________.
7. No soy un beb, soy un hombre.
________________________________________________________________________________.
II.
Put the following sentences into negative form.
1. Im a woman from Alaska.

________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Im a bad cook.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Im a police officer.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Im a general practitioner.
________________________________________________________________________________.
General Practitioner: Mdico General
6

LESSON 3:
It is
It is
Es, Est.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Black
Good
Nice
A bag
A taxi
A dog
Expensive
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Negro, Negra; Negros, Negras.

Bueno, Buena.
Bonito, Bonita; Amable.
Una bolsa; Una maleta/Valija.
Un taxi.
Un perro.
Caro, Cara.
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
It is nice.
It is good.
It is black.
It is a taxi.
It is a bag.
It is a dog.
It is expensive.
It is a black dog.
PRESENTATION
IT IS NOT ITS NOT IT ISNT
It is not
: No es, No est.
It is not se contrae en las formas its not o it isnt en el ingls hablado.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
My job
: Mi trabajo.
My book
: Mi libro.
My bycicle : Mi bicicleta.
A punishment : Un castigo.
A choice
: Una eleccin, una alternativa, una opcin.
A good advice :
Un buen consejo.
A recommendation
:
Una recomendacin
A landscape : Un paisaje.
7

APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
It is not my job.
It is not my book.
It is not my bike.
It is not a punishment.
It is not a dog.
It isnt a good book.
Its not a good choice.
DRILLS:
I.
Translate from Spanish to English.
1. No es una bolsa.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Es una buena bicicleta.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Es un buen libro.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. No es un buen trabajo.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. No es un taxi.
________________________________________________________________________________.
II.
Make the contraction.
1. It is a good man.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. It is not a woman, it is a man.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. It is not my book, it is my notebook.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. It is not a cat, it is a dog.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. It is not my choice.
________________________________________________________________________________.
6. It is not my house.
________________________________________________________________________________.
7. It is not my problem.
8

LESSON 4:
You are
We are
They are
You are
: T eres / T ests; Usted es / Usted est; Ustedes son / Ustedes estn. (Tambin se
traduce como: eres/ests; es/est; son/estn).
You are en el lenguaje oral sufre una contraccin y se vuelve Youre.
We are
: Nosotros somos / Nosotros estamos; Nosotras somos / Nosotras estamos.
We are en el lenguaje oral sufre una contraccin y se vuelve were.
They are
: Ellos son / Ellos estn; Ellas son / Ellas estn.
They are en el lenguaje oral sufre una contraccin y se vuelve theyre.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sad
Happy
Worried
French
German
Show-off
Dork
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Triste.
Feliz.
Preocupado.
Francs.
Alemn.
Fanfarrn, Fanfarrona; Credo, Creda.
Baboso, Babosa; Estpido, Estpida.
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
We are sad.
They are worried.
You are a show-off.
You are a dork!
PRESENTATION
YOURE WERE THEYRE
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Were sad.
Theyre worried.
Youre a show-off.
Youre a dork!
Youre an artist.
Were students.
9

LESSON 6:
You are not Youre not You arent
We are not Were not We arent
They are not Theyre not They arent
You are not : T no eres / T no ests; Ustedes no son / Ustedes no estn. Tambin se traduce
como: no eres / no ests; no son / no estn.
We are not : Nosotros no somos / Nosotros no estamos; Nosotras no somos / Nosotras no estamos.
Tambin se traduce como: no somos / no estamos.
They are not : Ellos no son / Ellos no estn. Tambin se traduce como: No son / No estn.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Invited
Worried
Polite
Scared
:
:
:
:
Invitado, Invitada.
Preocupado, Preocupada.
Corts, Educado.
Asustado, Asustada.
APPLICATION:
a) You are not invited.
Youre not invited.
You arent invited.
b) We are not worried.
Were not worried.
We arent worried.
c) They are not Nicaraguan.
Theyre not Nicaraguan.
They arent Nicaraguan.
d) You are not polite.
Youre not polite.
You arent polite.
e) We are not scared.
10

LESSON 7:
Am I?
Are you?
Am I?
:
Are you? :
ustedes?
Soy yo? So? Estoy?

Eres t? Eres? Ests t? Ests? Es usted? Est usted? Son ustedes? Estn
VOCABULARY:
1. Busy
: Ocupado, Ocupada.
2. Free
: Libre; Gratis.
3. A doctor
: Doctor.
4. A teacher
: Profesor, Profesora; Maestro, Maestra.
5. An engineer : Ingeniero, Ingeniera.
6. A dressmaker : Modista.
7. A good person :
Una buena persona.
8. A gossip person :
Una persona chismosa.
9. A meddling person
:
Una persona entrometida.
10. A cool person : Una persona tranquila, Una persona buena onda.
11. A nice-looking man
:
Un hombre guapo, Un hombre atractivo.
12. A pretty woman :
Una mujer bonita, Una mujer guapa.
APPLICATION:
a) Are you busy?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
No, Im not.
b) Am I a good person?
Yes, you are.
No, you are not.
No, youre not.
No, you arent.
c) Are you a dressmaker?
Dress
11

The Possessive Form of the Noun [La Forma Posesiva del Sustantivo]
Para indicar el posesivo en el idioma ingls, se hace uso de la construccin siguiente:
Poseedor
Apstrofo
Lo que es posedo
Nota: Si el nombre del poseedor termina en s, la construccin ser de dos formas:

Forma 1:
Poseedor
Apstrofo
Lo que es posedo
Forma 2:
Poseedor
Apstrofo
Lo que es posedo
Ejemplo: Supongamos que queremos decir en ingls La casa de Carlos es grande. Lo primero que
haramos desconociendo la estructura de cmo se traduce, es traducir la oracin de manera totalmente
literal, quedando: The house of Carlos is big (lo cual es incorrecto). Para traducir esa oracin podemos
hacer uso de las formas 1 y 2 antes planteadas. La oracin La casa de Carlos es grande, en ingls nos
quedara as:
Utilizando la Forma 1: Carlos house is big.
Utilizando la Forma 2: Carloss house is big.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Job
Bike
Daughter
Book
New
:
:
:
:
:
Trabajo.
Bicicleta.
Hija.
Libro.
Nuevo, Nueva.
6. Apartment
7. Son
8. Mom
9. House
10. Blue
:
:
:
:
:
Apartamento.
Hijo.
Mam.
Casa.
Azul, Azules.
APPLICATION:
a) Lidas job is new. [El trabajo de Linda es nuevo]
b) Carlos bike.
c) My moms house is blue.
Translate: 1) La computadora de Alfredo es nueva. 2) El vestido de mi hija es nuevo.
12

LESSON
8:
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
:
:
:
Es l? Est l?
Es ella? Est ella?
Es? Est?
VOCABULARY:
1. Cool
2. Old
3. Im sorry
4. German
5. French
6. Scotch
7. Peruvian
8. Welsh
9. British
10. Irish
11. Free
12. Expensive
13. Bargain
14. Rip-off
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Fresco, Fro; Sereno, Tranquilo, Buena onda.

Viejo, Vieja, Anciano, Anciana; Antiguo.
Lo siento.
Alemn.
Francs.
Escocs.
Peruano, Peruana.
Gals.
Britnico, Britnica.
Irlands, Irlandesa.
Gratis.
Caro.
Ganga.
Estafa, Timo.
APPLICATION
a) Is he cool?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
No, hes not.
No, he isnt.
b) Is it expensive?
13

USOS DEL VERBO TO BE
El verbo to be tiene diversos usos de suma importancia al momento de expresar algo, debido a que en
base al contexto, su traduccin vara; por eso te presentamos sus usos y traducciones dependiendo del
contexto para que no cometas errores al expresarte tanto de manera oral como escrita. Dentro de sus usos
tenemos:
El verbo to be en ingls se utiliza para:
1. Decir o preguntar la profesin.
A: Are you a teacher?
B: Yes, I am a teacher.
2. Decir o preguntar la edad.
A: How old are you? [Cuntos aos tienes?]
B: I am 32 years old. [Tengo 32 aos]
3. Decir o preguntar la hora.
A: Excuse me, what time is it? [Disculpe, Qu hora es?]
B: It is 7:30 P.M. [Es la 7:30 pm]
4. Expresar o preguntar por el estado de nimo.
A: Is she happy?
B: Yes, she is.
5. Hablar de las cualidades o apariencia fsica de una persona.
A: She is pretty and shy.
B: And she is tall and slim.
6. Hablar de las condiciones del clima.
A: It is sunny today.
B: Its cold.
7. Indicar ubicacin.
A: Where is the book? [En dnde est el libro?]
B: The book is on the desk.
A menudo los estudiantes del idioma ingls al momento de decir la edad hacen uso del verbo have:
tener, pero el uso de este verbo (have) es incorrecto en el contexto de la edad.
Correcto
I am 20 years old.
Incorrecto
I have 20 years old.

14

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I.
Change the following sentences into questions.
1. Robert is a doctor.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. She is happy.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Dina is Welsh.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Vicky and Adam are British.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. This wine is expensive.
________________________________________________________________________________.
II.
Put into negative the following sentences.
1. She is a gossip person.

_______________________________________________________________________________.
2. Vidals house is big.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
3. Cristina is pretty.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
4. Madonna is 58 years old.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
5. Im an architect.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
III.
Answer these questions with your own personal information.
1. Are you a gossip person?
2. Is your sister a doctor?
3. Are you a cool person?
4. Is your father Nicaraguan?
IV.
Interpret the 2 sentences that the teacher is going to say you in English.
15

Lesson
9:
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
Are we? : Somos nosotros (as)? Estamos nosotros (as)?

Are you? : So ustedes? Estn ustedes?
Are they? : Son ellos (as)? Estn ellos (as)?
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Students
:
Estudiantes.
English students :
Estudiantes de ingls.
Learner of English
:
Estudiante de ingls.
Builders
: Albailes.
Part of
: Parte de.
The teaching staff
:
El personal docente.
Warm
: Carioso, Cariosa, Afectuoso, Afectuosa; Clido, Tibio.
APPLICATION
a) Are they English students?
Yes, they are.
No, they are not.
No, theyre not.
No, they arent.
b) Are we learners of English?
Yes, you are.
No, you are not.
No, youre not.
No, you arent.
c) Are they part of the teaching staff?
16

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Lesson 10:
This is
These are
This is
These are
:
:
ste es, sta es, Esto es; Habla, Soy (en llamadas telefnicas o TV).
Estos son, Estas son, Estos estn, Estas estn.
VOCABULARY:
1. Friend
2. Book
3. Pens
4. My
5. Your
6. His
7. Her
8. Mom
9. Siblings
10. Pamphlet
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Amigo, Amiga.
Libro.
Lpices (de tinta).
Mi, Mis.
Tu, Su, Sus.
Su, Sus (de l).
Su, Sus (de ella).
Mam.
Hermanos (incluyendo varones y mujeres)
Folleto.
APPLICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
This is my friend Arturo.

This is your book.
These are my siblings.
These are her pens.
This is his pamphlet.
This is my mom.
Hello! This is Alex.
DRILL: Translate from Spanish to English.

1. sta es mi computadora.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. stos son mis amigos Luke and Adam.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. sta es mi amiga Lisa.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Hola! Soy Tony. (Hablando por telfono)
17

Lesson 11:
That is
Those are
That is :
Those are :
se es, sa es, Eso es; Aquel es, Aquella es.

Esos son, Esas son, Esas estn, Esos estn; Aquellas son, Aquellos estn.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hat
Cap
Son
Strange
Problem
Reality
Waffles
Beret
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Sombrero.
Gorra.
Hijo.
Extrao, Raro.
Problema.
Realidad.
Wafles.
Boina.
APPLICATION
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
English
That is my friend Alex.

That is my hat.
Those are my pens.
Those are your houses.
That is strange.
Those are waffles.
That is your problem.
That is a beret.
That is sufre una contraccin en la lengua oral y se vuelve Thats.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Thats my friend Alexander.

Thats my hat.
Thats strange.
Thats your problem.
Thats a beret.
I am Nicaraguan!
18

Lesson 12:
Is this?
Is that?
Is this?
Is that?
:
:
Es ste?
Es se? Es sa? Es aquel? Es aquella?
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Wallet
:
Handbag :
Restaurant
Pickup :
Sister-in-law
Boss
:
Prescription
Cartera, Billetera.
Cartera (de mujer), Bolso de mano.
:
Restaurante.
Camioneta.
:
Cuada.
Jefe, Jefa.
:
Receta mdica.
APPLICATION:
a) Is this your new pickup?
Yes, this is my new pickup.
b) Is that your mom?
Yes, thats my mom.
No, that is not my mom.
No, thats not my mom.
No, that isnt my mom.
c) Is this your wallet?
Yes, this is my wallet.
No, this is not my wallet.
No, this isnt my wallet.
d) Is that your boss?
Prescription
e) Is this your new job?

19

EXPRESSING EXISTENCE IN PRESENT AND PAST TENSE
Lesson
13:
There is
There are
There is :
There are :
Hay (se utiliza en singular).

Hay (se utiliza en plural).
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Classroom
Mistake
Table
Carrots
Something
Apples
Many
People
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Aula, Saln de clase.

Error.
Mesa.
Zanahorias.
Algo.
Manzanas.
Muchos, Muchas.
Gente, Personas; Pueblo.
APPLICATION:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carrots
There are 10 students in the classroom.

There is a mistake in that book.
There are some carrots on the table.
There are many people in my house.
PRESENTATION
Theres Therere
There is en la lengua oral sufre una contraccin y se vuelve theres.

There are en la lengua oral sufre una contraccin y se vuelve therere.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Therere 10 students in the classroom.

Theres a mistake in that book.
Therere some carrots on the table.
Theres something new in this book.
Therere many people in my house.
THE /de/, /d/, /d/: El, La, Los, Las. (se pronuncia /d o d/ con sonidos consonantes y /d/ con
sonidos vocales).
-
The house.
- The telephone
- The elephant
- The eraser
20

Lesson 14:
There is not/Theres not/There isnt
There are not/Therere not/There arent
There is not
there isnt).
There are not
there arent).
No hay. (Sufre una contraccin en la lengua oral y se vuelve theres not o
No hay. (Sufre una contraccin en la lengua oral y se vuelve therere not o
APPLICATION:
a) There are not 10 students in the classroom.
Therere not 10 students in the classroom.
There arent 10 students in the classroom.
b) There is not a mistake in that book.
Theres not a mistake in that book.
There isnt a mistake in that book.
c) There are not any carrots on the table.
Therere not any carrots on the table.
There arent any carrots on the table.
d) There is not anything new in this book.
Palabras que se utilizan slo en oraciones

afirmativas con there is / there are
Something: Algo.
Someone: Alguien.
Somebody: Alguien.
Some: Unos, Unas, Algunos, Algunas.
Palabras que se utilizan slo en oraciones

negativas con there is / there are.
1.
1. Anything: Algo; Nada.
2.
2. Anyone: Alguien; Nadie.
3.
3. Anybody: Alguien; Nadie.
4.
4. Any: Alguno, Alguna, Algunos, Algunas;
Ningn, Ninguna.
Utilizamos left al final de la oracin o pregunta para decir que algo se ha acabado o terminado. Su
equivalente en castellano es queda.
There are not any apples left. [No quedan manzanas o ya no quedan (hay) mazanas]
21

Lesson 15:
Is there?
Are there?
Is there?
Are there?
:
:
Hay? (Se usa para preguntar en singular)

Hay? (Se usa para preguntar en plural)
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Inconveniente, Desventaja.
Inconveniente, Desventaja.
Algo.
Ms (slo en preguntas tiene esta traduccin)
Aguacate.
Yucas.
Huevos.
Refrigerador, Nevera.
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Downside
Drawback
Anything
Else
Avocado
Cassavas
Eggs
Fridge
APPLICATION:
a) Is there a downside?
Yes, there is.
No, there is not.
No, theres not.
No, there isnt.
b) Are there any cassavas in the fridge?
PRESENTATION
Isnt there?
:
Arent there? :
A dozen of eggs
Isnt there? / Arent there?
No hay?
No hay?
APPLICATION:
a) Isnt there any apple in the fridge?
b) Arent there 10 students in the classroom?
22

Lesson 16:
There was
There were
There was
There were
:
:
Haba, Hubo. (Se usa en singular)

Haban, Hubieron. (Se usa en plural)
VOCABULARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Workers :
Trabajadores.
A can of tomatoes
:
Una lata (o tarro) de tomates.
A can of beer
:
Una lata de cerveza.
A can opener
:
Un abrelatas.
Someone
:
Alguien.
Toys
:
Juguetes.
Trees
:
rboles.
Outside
:
Afuera, Fuera; Afuera de (indicando lugar)
Company
:
Compaa.
APPLICATION:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
There were some workers outside the company.

There was a can of tomatoes on the table.
There were three cans of beers in the fridge.
There was someone in your office.
There were some trees on the street.
PRESENTATION
There was not / There wasnt

There were not / There werent
There was not

:
vuelve there wasnt).
There were not
:
vuelve there werent).
No haba, No hubo. (En la lengua oral sufre una contraccin y se

No haban, No hubieron. (En la lengua oral sufre una contraccin y se
APPLICATION:
a) There was not a car in the garage.
There wasnt a car in the garage.
b) There were some trees on the street.
23

Lesson 17:
Was there?
Were there?
Was there?
Were there?
:
:
Haba? Hubo?
Haban? Hubieron?
VOCABULARY:
1. Car
:
Carro, Auto.
2. Necklace :
Collar.
3. Necklaces :
Collares.
4. A pair of stockings
:
Un par de medias.
5. Ties
:
Corbatas.
6. Socks
:
Calcetines.
7. Electric razor
:
Mquina afeitadora.
8. Safety razor
:
Mquina de afeitar.
9. Tenet
:
Principio.
10. Onion
:
Cebolla.
APPLICATION:
a) Was there a car?
Yes, there was.
No, there was not.
No, there wasnt.
b) Were there any ties on my bed?
PRESENTATION
Wasnt there?
Werent there?
:
:
Wasnt there? / Werent there?
No haba? No hubo?
No haban? No hubieron?
APPLICATION:
a) Wasnt there a necklace in the bathroom?
b) Werent there any ties in my wardrobe?
Wardrobe: Ropero, Armario.
24

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I.
Change into negative the following sentences.
1. This is a pen.
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. There are some mistakes in the book.
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. There were two pillows on my bed.
________________________________________________________________________________.
4. There were some students in the conference.
________________________________________________________________________________.
5. These are my friends Max and Junior.
________________________________________________________________________________.
II.
Read the following paragraph and translate it from English to Spanish.

Hi, my name is Lucy, and these are the things there are in my house. My house is not big, but I am
happy because there are many things in it. There are two bedrooms and two bathrooms, there is a
washing machine. There is not any garden in front of my house, but there is a small back yard. In
the living room, there are four sofas, two TV sets, and a big stereo. In my bedroom, there is a double
bed and there is also a computer with internet connection and a bathroom. What things are there in
your house?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
III.
Listening & Speaking Activity: Your teacher is going to ask you some questions that you have to
answer following the pattern below:
Hi! Whats your name?
Hi! My names _____________________.
Where are you from _________________?
I am from _____________________.
Where do you come from?

25

S
I come from ________________ (department).
Where do you live?
I live in ______________ (city or town).
How old are you?
I am __________ years old.
What is your favorite artist?
a) My favorite artist is _________________.

b) I dont have favorite artist.
Do you work?
a) Yes, I do.
b) No, I dont.
I am ______________________.
Thank you!
IV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Listen to your teacher carefully and write in the blanks the sentences that he/she is going to
dictate to you.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________________.
V.
Spot the error! Read the following sentences carefully and identify where the mistake is.
Make a circle.
a) There are not some pens on the table.
b) There were a computer on the desk.
c) There is 2 dozens of eggs.
26

APNDICE:
TEMA
FRASES DE EXISTENCIA EN PRESENTE
there is / there are
ARTCULO INDEFINIDO
A/An
ARTCULO DEFINIDO
The
PRESENTE SIMPLE DEL VERBO

To Be
INFORMACIN
Tambin se les conoce como frases verbales
impersonales (debido a que carecen de pronombre
personal). El there is/there are provienen del
THERE BE que significa: haber, existir.
El significado de A/An es el mismo, y se utilizan
para indicar algo o alguien en singular
nicamente. Nunca lo utilizaremos para referirnos
a ms de una cosa o a ms de una persona; en su
lugar utilizaremos some/any.
Su equivalente en castellano es: el, la, los, las, y se
debe de usar siempre excepto cuando se hable de
un contexto en general (es decir, cuando no se
especifique algo).
El verbo to be es el nico verbo copulativo pleno
en ingls, lo que significa que utiliza adjetivos en
lugar de adverbios para completar su significado.
TODO LO QUE DEBES SABER SOBRE EL VERBO TO BE

El verbo to be tiene ms de dos traducciones en base a su contexto. Estas traducciones son:
BE
- Ser, Estar.
-
Hacer, Haber.
Tener, Deber de, Tener que.
Poder o Saber (de capacidad o habilidad).
Podra.
Ir a.
Estas son las traducciones ms empleadas al momento de utilizar este verbo. Ejemplos generales de la
traduccin ser/estar.
a) She is in her house.
b) They are happy.
c) I am sad.
Con ciertas expresiones impersonales se emplea el verbo hacer.

a) It is cold: Hace fro.
b) It is sunny: Hace sol.
d) It is a long time: Hace mucho tiempo.
27

Con algunos adjetivos, cuando indican sensaciones, forma frases que se traducen por tener seguido del
sustantivo correspondiente.
a) To be hungry and cold: Tener hambre y fro.
b) To be desirous of: Tener ganas de.
c) To be successful: Tener xito.
d) To be unlucky: Tener mala suerte.
e) To be right: Tener razn.
f) To be in a hurry: Tener prisa.
g) To be 10 years old: Tener 10 aos.
a)
b)
c)
Con algunos verbos neutros es equivalente al auxiliar have: haber.

He was gone: l se haba ido.
The time is come: Ha llegado el momento.
I am written a letter for Rita: Yo he escrito una carta para Rita.
Seguido del infinitivo equivale a veces a deber, tener que.

a) I am to be there at 2 pm: Tengo que (debo) estar all a las dos de la tarde.
b) We are to be early: Tenemos que estar temprano.
Poder, Saber (de capacidad o habilidad); Podra.
a) How am I to know it?: Cmo puedo saberlo?
b) What were we to do?: Qu podramos hacer?
Seguido del infinitivo equivale a veces a ir a (se considera sinnimo de to be going to).
a) He was to speak that evening: l iba a hablar esa noche.
b) How was I to know?: Cmo lo iba a saber?
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Joseph M. Boards Practical English (1976 Edition).

Oceano Multimedia Aprendo Ingls (2009).
Collier MacMillan English 900 (First Edition 1964).
Ediciones Larousse Ingls Prctico (Second Edition 1998).
English Teaching Forum Max Koller United States Department of State for teachers of English (2015).
SOURCE OF PICTURES
http://www.google.com.ni
Longman Dictionary Pocket.
28
Regional Center of English Teaching

Niveles de Referencia establecidos por el Marco Comn Europeo de Referencia
para las Lenguas: Aprendizaje, Enseanza, Evaluacin.
MCERL
NIVEL
SUB-NIVEL
A1 (Acceso)
A
(Usuario Bsico)
B
(Usuario
Independiente)
DESCRIPCIN
Puede interactuar de manera sencilla siempre y cuando la otra
persona hable despacio y con claridad y est preparado para
ayudar. Puede presentarse y presentar a los dems y es capaz
de realizar y responder preguntas sobre detalles personales
tales como: lugar de origen o procedencia, personas que conoce
o cosas que tenga.
Puede comprender oraciones y frases de uso frecuente (por

A2 (Plataforma) ejemplo, informacin personal y familiar bsica, compras,
geografa local, empleo). Es capaz de comunicarse en tareas
sencillas y de rutinas sobre temas comunes.
Es capaz de lidiar con la mayora de las situaciones que
probablemente surjan mientras se viaja a un rea donde se
B1 (Intermedio) habla el idioma. El usuario es capaz de describir experiencias
y eventos, sueos, expectativas, ambiciones y es capaz de dar
razones y explicaciones sobre opiniones o planes brevemente.
B2
(Intermedio
Alto)
C1 (Dominio
Operativo Eficaz)
C
(Usuario
Competente)
C2 (Maestra)
El usuario de este nivel es capaz de interactuar con cierto grado

de fluidez y espontaneidad que hace posible la interaccin
regular con hablantes nativos sin dificultad para ambas partes.
Es capaz de expresar las ideas con fluidez y con espontaneidad
sin mucha investigacin de expresiones. Utiliza el idioma con
flexibilidad y eficacia para propsitos sociales, acadmicos y
profesionales.
El usuario de este nivel es capaz de comprender con facilidad

prcticamente todo lo que escucha o lee. Puede expresarse
asimismo con mucha espontaneidad, fluidez y precisin,
lidiando con trminos en la mayora de las situaciones
complejas. Su nivel de comunicacin es igual a la de un nativo.

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A1

DYNAMIC INTEGRAL ENGLISH

By. Jyuber E. Alvarez C.

4: You areWe areThey are .................................................................................................................. 9

They are not Theyre not They arent ................................................................................................................... 10

7: Am I?Are you? ................................................................................................................................. 11

8: Is he?Is she?Is it? .......................................................................................................................... 13

LESSON 9: Are we?Are you?Are they? ............................................................................................................. 16

12: Is this?Is that? ..................................................................................................................................... 19

13: There isThere are ............................................................................................................................ 20

14: There is not/Theres not/There isnt ........................................................................................... 21

There are not/Therere not/There arent ............................................................................................................... 21

15: Is there?Are there? .............................................................................................................................. 22

16: There wasThere were ......................................................................................................................... 23

17: Was there?Were there? ................................................................................................................... 24

TODO LO QUE DEBES SABER SOBRE EL VERBO TO BE...................................................................... 27

Dynamic Integral English___________________________________

Yo. (Se escribe siempre con mayscula en el idioma ingls).

Yo soy/Yo estoy. (Tambin se traduce como: Soy/Estoy).

English... the most broadly spoken

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

What do you do?

En el ingls hablado es muy comn reducir el

How are you? /juar i/

/lmi introdiusiu mi wif/

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Translate from Spanish to English.

Make the contraction

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Write the symbol (

/im a pols fiser/

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Yo no soy/Yo no estoy. (Tambin se puede traducir como: No soy/No

Bob (nombre de persona).

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Im not Bob, Im Johnny.

Translate from Spanish to English. [Traduzca del ingls al espaol]

Put the following sentences into negative form.

1. Im a woman from Alaska.

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Negro, Negra; Negros, Negras.

IT IS NOT ITS NOT IT ISNT

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Translate from Spanish to English.

Make the contraction.

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

YOURE WERE THEYRE

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Soy yo? So? Estoy?

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Nota: Si el nombre del poseedor termina en s, la construccin ser de dos formas:

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Fresco, Fro; Sereno, Tranquilo, Buena onda.

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

I have 20 years old.

Dynamic Integral English A1_________________________________

Change the following sentences into questions.

Put into negative the following sentences.

1. She is a gossip person.

Answer these questions with your own personal information.

1. Are you a gossip person?

2. Is your sister a doctor?