TECHNICAL DETAIL

1.COMPRESSOR: - Hermetically sealed compressor1.0 Tr to work on 220V AC50HZ

Operate on Refrigerant R-22 with standard electrical accessories.
2.CONDENSER: - Fins and Tube type Air-cooled condenser.
3.FAN MOTOR: - 1/5 H.P condenser Fan motor with fan.
5. EXPANSION VALVE: - Capillary Expansion Valve
CONTROLS AND STANDARD ACCESSORIES
1. Energy meter for compressor.
2. Filter drier.
3. Pressure gauges suction and discharge imported especially for R 134 a
refrigerant.
4. HP LP cut out
5. Digital temperature indicator (Eutech Make) at various points in 0C with PT. 100
probes.
6. Digital voltmeter.
7. Digital AMP meter for compressor.
8. 32 AMP DP switch, 15 AMP power switches for other parts.
9. Gas charging valve.
17.EVAPORATOR:- Fins and Tube type Air Cooled Evaporator is fitted inside the
Window type Unit as per Original fitting. Only the compressor has kept outside the
Main unit to demonstrate the Principle.

OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. Switch on main board. Check Voltage, It should not be less than 220 Volts.
2. Start the condenser fan motor.
3. Start the blower fan of the cooling coil (Evaporator)
4. See that all the indication lights are on while switch on their respective switch.
5. Start the compressor.
6. Check the amp meter for compressor Initially it shall be 15AMP and then it will
gradually decrease to 6 to 10 AMP. If should not exceed 12 AMP. If it indicates more
than 12 AMP check for voltage condenser fan motor, More ampere reading means
more load on the compressor.
7. Note down the readings of the various pressure gauges. Absence of any reading will
indicates the blockage of pipe line or leakage of gas.(Lower limit for suction
pressure is = 40 psi. Lower than this indicate less gas flow and more frosting in the
evaporator.
8. Note down the reading of DBT and WBT. Fitted in the supply duct.
9. Take down the readings of various temperature in Digital Temp. Indicator.
10.Note down the various reading and calculate the C.O.P.
11.While switching off the machine, first switch off the heaters of in services, switch
off the compressor, condenser fan motor, blower fan motor electrical components
fitted on the panel board, then switch off the main switch.

AIR CONDITIONING CYCLE

In general, 'Refrigeration' is defined as any process of heat removal. More specifically
refrigeration is defined as a branch of science that deals with the process of reducing
and maintaining the temperature of a space or maintain below the temperature of
surroundings.
In fact, in Refrigeration circulates through the system , It passes through a
number of charges in states or conditions, each of which is called a process. The
refrigerant starts at some initial state or conditions, passes through a series of process in
definite sequence and returns to the initial condition. This series of process is called a
cycle. This simple vapour compression cycle is made up of four fundamental processes.
1.

Compression

2.

Condensation

3.

Expansion

4.

Vaporization
While studding the refrigeration cycle, it is necessary to consider each process in

the cycle both separately and in relation to the complete cycle. Any change in one
process will bring about corresponding change in all other process in the cycle.
COMPRESSION PROCESS: Now a days, modern high compressor runs at 2800 RPM. So compression takes
place very rapidly and the Vapour is in contact with the compressor cylinder for only a
short time. Because the time of compression is short and because the mean temperature

differential between the refrigerant Vapour and the cylinder wall is relatively small. The
flow of heat either to or from the refrigerant during the compressions process is usually
negligible, therefore, compressions is usually assumed to occur adiabatically.
We know that during any adiabatic compression process, the internal energy of the gas
is increased by the amount equal to the amount of work done on the gas to compress it.
Consequently, When the refrigerant Vapour is compressed adiabatically in the
compressor, the temperature and enthalpy of the Vapour are increased in proportion to
the amount of work done on the Vapour. The greater the temperature and enthalpy of
refrigerant Vapour.
In the compressor, the temperature and pressure of the Vapour are raised by
compression and the high pressure & high temperature refrigerant Vapour flows
through the hot gas line to the condenser.
CONDENSATION PROCESS :The refrigerant Vapour gives up heat to the relatively cool air being drawn across
the condenser by the condenser fan. As the hot Vapour gives off heat to the Air, its
temperature decreases. The Vapour condenses to the liquid state as additional heat is
removed and by the time the refrigerant reaches the bottom of the condenser, all of the
Vapour is condensed and the liquid passes in to the receiver tank, ready to be
recirculated. The condensing temperature is the temperature at which the Vapour is
condensed and it is the saturation temperature of Vapour corresponding to the pressure
in the condenser.

EXPANSION: High temperature, high pressure liquid refrigerant flows from the condenser
through the liquid line to the refrigerant flow control. The pressure of the liquid is
reduced to the Evaporator pressure as the liquid passes through the Refrigerant flow
control. So that the saturation temperature of the Refrigerant entering into the
Evaporator will be below the temperature of Refrigerated space. A part of the liquid
vaporizes as it passes through the refrigerant control in order to reduce the temperature
of the remaining liquid to the evaporating temperature.
VAPORISATION :In the Evaporator, the liquid vaporizes at a constant temperature and pressure as
the heat of vaporization passes from the refrigerated space through the walls of the
evaporator to the vaporizing liquid. By the action of the compressor, the Vapour
resulting from the vaporization is drawn from the evaporator through the suction line
into the suction inlet of the compressor. The Vapour leaving the evaporator is saturated
and its temperature and pressure are the same as those of the vaporizing liquid. While
flowing through the suction line from the evaporator to compressor, the vapour usually
absorbs heat from the air surroundings the suction line and becomes super heated.
Although the temperature of the Vapour increases some what in the suction line as the
result of super heat the pressure of the Vapour does not change. So that the pressure of
the Vapour entering the compressor is the same as the vaporizing pressure.

AIMS
1. To Demonstrate the Window Air Conditioning Cycle.
2. To study the Basic Components of Window Air Conditioning Cycle. i.e.
Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valve, and Evaporator.
3. To Plot the Vapour compression Refrigeration Cycle on Pressure Enthalpy Chart.
4. To Determine the Coefficient of Performance of Unit.
5. To study the Psychometric Process i.e. Cooling and Dehumidification.
6. To Calculate the Sensible Heat Factor of Cooling coil.

OBSERVATION TABLE
S.NO.

1.
2.

P1

P2

T1

T2

T3

T4

3.

WHERE,
P1=SUCTION PRESSURE
P2=DISCHAGE PRESSURE
T1= TEMPERATURE BEFORE ENTERING TO COMPRESSOR
T2=TEMPERATURE AFTER EXIT FROM COMPRESSOR
T3=TEMPERATURE AFTER CONDENSOR
T4=TEMPERATURE AFTER EXPANSION VALVE

CALCULATIONS
Coefficient of Performance: - The Coefficient of Performance is defined as
the ratio of heat extracted in the Evaporator to the work done on the
Refrigerant.
Q
C.O.P. = -----------W
Using Points (P!,T1) ; (P2,T2) ;T3and T4 Locate Points 1,2,3,4 on the P-H. Chart for
R-134and obtain the Enthalpy ValuesH1, H2, H3, H4

C.O.P.=

H1-H4
----------------------

H2-H1

Where,
VxI =Work input to the Compressor
Work input by Compressor can also be measure by the Energy Meter.
10
3600
Electrical input power, Ip = ------- x ----------te
EMC
Where, Energy Meter constant (EMC) = ____________ Imp / kw / hr.
te = Time revolution for Indications to Complete 10 Indications.
Taking motor efficiency as 75% we have input shaft power
SP = Elect. I.P x 0.75

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Pressure at Compressor discharge P2

= 15 + 1.01 = 16.01 Bar (absolute)

Pressure at Compressor inlet P1

= 3.2 +1.01 = 4.21 Bar ( abslute)

Temperature at compressor discharge T2

800 C

Temperature at compressor inlet T1

220 C

Temperature at condenser outlet T3

400 C

Refrigerant flow rate (Rotometer)

1.9 Kg/min

Locate points 1, 2, 3, 4 on p-h chart for F-22 using observed value of pressure and
temperature. Line 3-4 always vertical line. Read enthalpy values at these points, as
shown in fig.
C.O.P. = 153-133/159-153 = 40/6 = 6.66

Cooling & Dehumidification Process :This process is generally used in summer air conditioning to cool and dehumidify the
air. The air is passed over a cooling coil. In this process, the dry bulb temperature as
well as the specific humidity of air decreases.
OBSERVATIONS :Fresh air

DBT

After cooling and dehumidification

300C, WBT =

280C

DBT

200C, WBT =

180C

Locate Points = 1 & 2 on psychometric chart as shown in fig. Line 1-2 is the process
cooling and dehumidification.
Sensible heat factor (S.H.F.) = 0.225