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Torque
AA PowerPoint
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation by
by
Paul
Paul E.
E. Tippens,
Tippens, Professor
Professor of
of Physics
Physics
Southern
Southern Polytechnic
Polytechnic State
State University
University
2007
Torque is a twist
or turn that tends
to produce
rotation. * * *
Applications are
found in many
common tools
around the home
or industry where
it is necessary to
turn, tighten or
loosen devices.
Definition of Torque
Torque
Torque isis defined
defined as
as the
the tendency
tendency to
to
produce
produce aa change
change in
in rotational
rotational motion.
motion.
Examples:
Each
The
40-N
of the
force
20-Nthe
The
forces
nearer
forces
produces
different
the
end ofhas
theatwice
wrench
torque
torque
as
due
does
to the
the
have
greater
torques.
direction
20-N force.
of force.
Magnitude
Locationofofof
force
force
Direction
Force
20 N
2020
N
20NN
20
40NN
20 N
20 N
Units: Nm or lbft
= (40 N)(0.60 m)
= 24.0 Nm, cw
== 24.0
24.0 Nm,
Nm, cw
cw
6 cm
40 N
Direction of Torque
Torque
Torque isis aa vector
vector quantity
quantity that
that has
has
direction
direction as
as well
well as
as magnitude.
magnitude.
Turning the handle of a
screwdriver clockwise and
then counterclockwise will
advance the screw first
inward and then outward.
ccw
Negative torque:
clockwise, into page
F1
F2
Line of
action
F3
F1
F2
r
r
F3
Calculating Torque
Read
Read problem
problem and
and draw
draw aa rough
rough figure.
figure.
Extend
Extend line
line of
of action
action of
of the
the force.
force.
Draw
Draw and
and label
label moment
moment arm.
arm.
Calculate
Calculate the
the moment
moment arm
arm ifif necessary.
necessary.
Apply
Apply definition
definition of
of torque:
torque:
== Fr
Fr
rr == 12
12 cm
cm sin
sin 60
6000
=
= 10.4
10.4 cm
cm
== (80
(80 N)(0.104
N)(0.104 m)
m)
== 8.31
8.31 N
Nm
m
== 8.31
8.31 N
Nm
m as
as before
before
negative
30 N
300
2m
6m
40 N
20 N
300
4m
r = (4 m) sin 300
= Fr = (20 N)(2 m)
2020 == -40
-40 N
Nm
m
= 2.00 m
= 40 N m, cw
r
negative
30 N
300
20 N
300
2m
6m
40 N
4m
r = (8 m) sin 300
= Fr = (30 N)(4 m)
3030 == -120
-120 N
Nm
m
= 4.00 m
= 120 N m, cw
r = (2 m) sin 900
= 2.00 m
= Fr = (40 N)(2 m)
= 80 N m, ccw
positive
30 N
300
2m
6m
40 N
20 N
300
4m
20 N
30 N
300
300
2m
6m
40 N
4m
R = 20 + 20 + 20 = -40 N m -120 N m + 80 N m
RR == -- 80
80 N
Nm
m
Clockwise
Torque
r
Magnitude:
(F Sin )r
(F Sin ) r or F (r Sin )
12 lb
600
6 in.
6 in.
Torque
12 lb
600
r x F = l r l l F l Sin
r x F = (6 in.)(12 lb) Sin
r x F = 62.4 lb in.
r x F = l r l l F l Sin
r x F = (6 in.)(12 lb) Sin 120
r x F = 62.4 lb in.
B
-C
Torque
500
6 in.
F
r
Out
r x F = l r l l F l Sin
r x F = (6 in.)(10 lb) Sin
r x F = 38.3 lb in.
Magnitude
k
z
i
i
Magnitudes are
zero for parallel
vector products.
k
z
Magnitudes are 1
for perpendicular
vector products.
k
z
k
z
- j (down)
kxj=?
- i (left)
j x -i = ?
+ k (out)
2 i x -3 k = ?
+ 6 j (up)
-k
Evaluate
determinant
A x B = 10 - (-12) = +22 k
Summary
Torque
Torque isis the
the product
product of
of aa force
force and
and its
its
moment
moment arm
arm as
as defined
defined below:
below:
The
The moment
moment arm
arm of
of aa force
force isis the
the perpendicular
perpendicular distance
distance
from
from the
the line
line of
of action
action of
of aa force
force to
to the
the axis
axis of
of rotation.
rotation.
The
The line
line of
of action
action of
of aa force
force isis an
an imaginary
imaginary line
line of
of
indefinite
indefinite length
length drawn
drawn along
along the
the direction
direction of
of the
the force.
force.
== Fr
Fr
Torque
Torque == force
force xx moment
moment arm
arm
CONCLUSION: Chapter 5A
Torque