DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Current Transformer
StaCT

DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany
T: +49 7072 9168 0
F: +49 7072 9168 88
http://www.digsilent.de
info@digsilent.de
Version: 2016
Edition: 1

Copyright 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.
Current Transformer (StaCT)

Contents

Contents
1 General Description

2 Integration in the relay scheme

3 Features & User interface

3.1 Current Transformer Type (TypCt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.1 Basic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.2 Additional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.3 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Current Transformer (StaCt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.1 Basic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.2 Additional Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.3 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Transfer functions
4.1

Load Flow, Short-circuit and RMS simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.1 CT with Y connection on secondary side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.2 CT with D connection on the secondary side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2 EMT simulation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2.1 CT with Y connection on secondary side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

4.2.2 CT with D connection on secondary side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

5 Ct saturation models

11

5.0.3 Piecewise Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

5.0.4 Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

A Parameter Definitions

13

A.1 Current Transformer Type (TypCt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

A.2 Current Transformer (StaCt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

B Signal Definitions
B.1 Single phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Current Transformer (StaCT)

14
14

Contents

B.2 3 phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

List of Figures

15

List of Tables

16

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Integration in the relay scheme

General Description

The Ct block simulates the behavior of a current transformer. Internally two models are available: a basic model and a detailed model. The basic model simulates only the current
conversion operated by the CT ratio and by the CT windings connection. The detailed model
simulates the core saturation effect accordingly with the parameters defined by the IEC and the
ANSI standards. Two different types of CT block are available: the 3 phase CT and the single
phase CT. Each type has different input and output signals.

Integration in the relay scheme

The CT type class name is TypCt; the CT class name is StaCt. The block represents in the
relay model scheme the current signals entry point. Usually the CT block is connected to the
measurement block. In figure 2.1 the typical connection scheme of a 3phase Ct block is shown,
in figure 2.2 the same scheme for a single phase Ct . The Ct is connected to the Measurement
block inputs.

Figure 2.1: DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt 3 phase connection scheme with the
measurement element.

Figure 2.2: DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt single phase connection scheme with
the measurement element.

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Features & User interface

3
3.1
3.1.1

Features & User interface

Current Transformer Type (TypCt)
Basic data

The Basic Data tab page allows to define the available transformer ratios in terms of number
of windings at the primary and the secondary side.

3.1.2

Additional data

In the Additional data tab page the CT accuracy can be defined using the IEC-Apparent Power
and the ANSI Burden and Voltage standard.
When the selected standard is Ansi -Burden, the CT burden (Zb variable) is entered directly.
When the selected standard is not Ansi -Burden, the CT burden (Zb variable) is calculated
using the following formulas:
Ansi Voltage: Zb = Vmax /(aclimit In )
IEC Apparent Power: Zb = Snom /(In In )
where
Vmax = Voltage Limit (Vm variable)
aclimit = Accuracy Limit Factor (aclimit variable in the Current Transformer Type dialog (TypCt
class))
In = Secondary side CT rated current
Snom = Apparent Power(Snom variable)

3.1.3

Description

The Description tab page can be used to insert some information to identify the StaCt type
element (both with a generic string and with an unique textual string similar to the Foreign Key
approach used in the relational databases) and to identify the source of the data used to create
it. Other text fields allow to insert the manufacturer name and a longer description.

3.2

Current Transformer (StaCt)

The user can change the block settings using the Current Transformerdialog (StaCt class).
The dialog consists of three tab pages: Basic data, Tripping times, Additional Data, and Description. The main settings are located in the Basic data tab page.

3.2.1

Basic data

The Basic Data tab page of the CT dialog (StaCt class) should be used to set the CT
type(Type control), transformer ratio (Primary and Secondary Tap comboboxes), measurement

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Features & User interface

point (Location control), orientation (Orientation combobox), secondary side connection (Connection combobox), number of phases (No.Phases combobox, iphase variable) and phase
order (Phase 1 and Phase 2 comboboxes).
The block can be disabled using the Out of service check box.
The blue text provides additional info regarding the current ratio.
Please note that the Location control can point to another Current Transformer. In this way the
other CT output signals can be used as input signals of the CT block. The Location control
can point also to a cubicle(StaCubic class), to a switch(StaSwitch class) or to a 3 Windings
transformer (ElmTr3 class). When the Location control is not used the Measure at is displayed
just below the Branch control and it allows setting the measurement point at the switch position
or at CT block itself.

3.2.2

Additional Data

The internal model is by default the basic model. To take care of the saturation effects the
detailed model can be activated using the Detailed Model check box in the Additional data tab
page of the CT block dialog (StaCt class).

3.2.3

Description

The Description tab page can be used to insert some information to identify the Current Transformer element (both with a generic string and with an unique textual string similar to the Foreign
Key approach used in the relational databases) and to identify the source of the data used to
create it.

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Transfer functions

Transfer functions

When the Detailed model is not enabled the following transfer formulas are applied:
When the primary connection is Y and the secondary connection is Y.
Ixsecondary = Ixprimary /ratio
where
ratio = the CT transformer ratio
x = phase a,b,c
When the primary connection is Y and the secondary connection is D
Ixysecondary = (Ixprimary Iyprimary )/ratio
where
ratio = the CT transformer ratio
x = phase b,c,a
y = phase a,b,c
Please consider that when the CT is located in a bus bar cubicle or when the Location control
is pointing to a cubicle or to a switch the rated voltage of the bus bar at which the cubicle (or the
switch) belongs is used to calculate the following formula:

Ixprimary = 1000/( 3 Un )
When the Location control is pointing to another CT or to a 3 windings transformer the following
formula is used:
Ixprimary = I unit
where
unit = 1 for the other Ct case and unit = 1000 for the 3 windings transformer case (to take
care of the transformer rated power unit)

4.1

Load Flow, Short-circuit and RMS simulation Model

Figure 4.1: DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt LDF, Short Circuit, RMS model.
Current Transformer (StaCT)

Transfer functions

The saturation of the magnetizing admittance is not considered for this model The magnetizing
admittance is calculated using the following equations:
PF Version< 14.0.522
YM = j curmg/Zb
PF Version> 14.0.522
YM = j curmg/Zbnom
where
curmg is the Excitation Current /Rated Current (in the CT element, StaCt class).
Zbnom is the nominal burden impedance.
The burden impedance Zb is calculated by using the CT element parameter Zburd and cosburd
with the following formula:

Zb = Rb + jXb = Zburd cos(cosburd) + jZburd 1 cosburd2

4.1.1

CT with Y connection on secondary side

The secondary current is calculated with the following formula:

I2x = I20x

1
1 + YM (Rs + Zb )

and
I20x =

I1x
ratio

where
I1x = primary current with x = phase A,B,C
ratio =CT transformer winding ratio = ptapset/stapset (primary tap / secondary tap)

4.1.2

CT with D connection on the secondary side

The secondary current is calculated using the following equations:

I2x = Ibx Iby
where
x is phase A,B,C and y is phase B,C,A
and

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Transfer functions

Ibx = (I20x I20 )

1
1 + YM (Rs + 3Zb )

where
x is phase A,B,C
I20 = (I20A + I20B + I20C )/3
(zero sequence current)

I20x =

I1x
ratio

where
x is phase A,B,C and y is phase B,C,A
ratio =CT transformer winding ratio = ptapset/stapset (primary tap / secondary tap)
The excitation voltage is calculated:
Vex = Ibx (Rs + 3Zb )Rs ID0
where
x is phase A,B,C
with

ID0 = I20

4.2

1
1 + YM Rs

EMT simulation Model

Figure 4.2: DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt EMT simulation model.

The Magnetizing Inductance (1/Lm) is calculated accordingly with the following formula:

Bm =

Current Transformer (StaCT)

curmg
N
Zbnom

Transfer functions

where
curmg is the Excitation Current /Rated Current (in the CT element, StaCt class).
Zbnom is the nominal burden impedance.
N = 2Fnom with Fnom = Nominal Frequency.
The Saturated Magnetizing inductance (1/Lmsat) is calculated accordingly with the following
formula:
Bmsat =

bmsat
N
Zbnom

where
bmsat is the Saturated Admittance in p.u. (based on the nominal burden impedance).
N = 2Fnom with Fnom = Nominal Frequency.
Zbnom is the nominal burden impedance calculated as follow:

Lb = Zburd

1 cosburd2
N

The derivative of the magnetic flux is calculated with the following formula:
dpsimx
= N Vex
dt
where
x is phase A,B,C.
Vex is the excitation voltage for the phase x.
N = 2Fnom with Fnom = Nominal Frequency.

4.2.1

CT with Y connection on secondary side

The excitation voltage is calculated with the following formula:

Vex = (Rs + Rb )I20x + Lb

I20x =

dI20x
dt

I1x
2
Iex
ratio

where
I1x is the primary current with x = phase A,B,C
ratio =CT transformer winding ratio = ptapset/stapset (primary tap / secondary tap).
Iex is the Excitation Current with x = phase A,B,C.

4.2.2

CT with D connection on secondary side

The excitation voltage is calculated with the following formula:

Current Transformer (StaCT)

10

Ct saturation models

Vex = Rs (I20x + ID0 ) + 3Rb I20x + 3Lb

dI20x
dt

with
Iex = Excitation Current with x = phase A,B,C
I1A + I1B + I1C
ID0 = 1/3( 2
IeA IeB IeC )
ratio
where
I1A is the phase A primary current.
I1B is the phase B primary current.
I1C is the phase C primary current.
ratio =CT transformer winding ratio = ptapset/stapset (primary tap / secondary tap).
IeA = Phase A Excitation Current.
IeB = Phase B Excitation Current.
IeC = Phase C Excitation Current.
The secondary current is:
I20x =

I1x
2
Iex ID0
ratio

where
I1x is the primary current with x = phase A,B,C.
ratio =CT transformer winding ratio = ptapset/stapset (primary tap / secondary tap).
Iex = Excitation Current with x = phase A,B,C.

5
5.0.3

Ct saturation models
Piecewise Linear

In the non-saturated condition the excitation current is calculated by the following equation:

Iex =

Bm
psimx
N

In the saturated condition (psimX > psimknee)by the following equation:

Iex =

with psimknee =

Bm
Bmasat
psimknee +
(psimx psimknee )
N
N

2Vs

where
Vs = is the Saturation Voltage (Vs variable in the Excitation Parameter frame in the Current
Transformer dialog (StaCt class)).

Current Transformer (StaCT)

11

Ct saturation models

5.0.4

Polynomial

The excitation current is calculated with the following formula:

Iex = f (Bmsat ,Bm ,psimx ,ksat,Vs )
When I < Iknee

Iex =

BM
Ixprim ksat
Ixprim (1 + |(
)
|)

P0

When I > Iknee

BM
(Ixprim Pknee )

Iex = Iknee +

with

BM sat

BM

ln
Ksat + 1

Ksat

P0 = Pknee e
and

Pknee =


2

Ksat + 1
ksat

where
ksat is the Exponent (Ksat variable in the Excitation Parameter frame in the Current Transformer dialog (StaCt class)).
Vs = is the Saturation Voltage (Vs variable in the Excitation Parameter frame in the Current
Transformer dialog (StaCt class)).

Current Transformer (StaCT)

12

Parameter Definitions

Parameter Definitions

A.1

Current Transformer Type (TypCt)

Table A.1: Input parameters of Ct type (TypCt)

Parameter
loc name
Primtaps
Sectaps
iopt sat

Snom
Zb
Vmax
raclass
aclimit
Ithr

A.2

Description
Name assigned by the user to the block type
The list of the available number of windings at the primary side (i.e.
50,100,200,500 etc)
List of the available number of windings at the secondary side (i.e. 1, 5)
The kind of CT representation. It can be IEC- Apparent Power internal
string:iec, ANSI-Burden internal string:anscbor ANSI-Voltage internal string:anscv
Current transformer apparent power (IEC-Apparent Power representation)
Burden impedance (ANSI-Burden representation)
Voltage limit (default values 100, 200,400,500,800) (ANSI-Voltage representation)
Accuracy class (default values: 5,10)
Accuracy limit factor (default values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 )
Rated short circuit current (the max current which can be sustained or 1
sec)

Unit
Text
Array of real numbers
Array of real numbers
Text

VA
Ohm
Volt
Integer
Integer
Primary Amperes

Current Transformer (StaCt )

Table A.2: Input parameters of Ioc element (RelIoc ))

Parameter
loc name
Typ id
Outserv
loc name
typ id
outserv
pbranch
ilocation
iorient
ptapset
itapset
stapcon
iphase
it2p1
it2p2
Iconsat
Zburd
cosburd
Rs
itrmt
curmg
bmsat
Vs
ksat

Description
Name assigned to the user to the block element
Pointer to the relevant TyIoc object
Flag to put out of service the block
The user assigned name of the Ct type
Pointer to the CT type object (TypCt clas)
Flag to enable /disable the block
Location where the CT is (if it is not set the default location is the cubicle
where the CT has been created)
Place where the CT is measing the current (it can be Circuit element id
= 0, Element id = 1
CT orientation (it can be Branch internal id = 0 or Busbar internal id = 1
Primary side number of windings (its one of the value listed in the primtaps list in the TypCt object)
Secondary side number of windings (its one of the value listed in the sectaps list in the TypCt object)
Secondary side connection type (it can be Y internal id = 0 or D internal
id = 1)
CT number of phases (it can be 1, 2 or 3)
Phase 1 name (it can be a, b,c,N,I0)
Phase 2 name (it can be a, b,c)
Detailed model (considering saturation) activation flag
Burden impedance
Burden cos
Secondary winding resistance
Saturation model (it can be Piecewise Linear internal ID = 0 or Polynomial internal ID = 1)
Excitation Current/rated Current
Saturated Admittance
Saturation Voltage
Saturation exponent for the polynomial representation . Typical values are
9,13,15.

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Unit
Text
Pointer
Y/N
Text
Pointer
Integer
Pointer
Integer
Integer
Real number
Real number
Integer
Integer
Integer
Integer
Integer
Real number Ohm
Real number
Real number Ohm
Integer
Real number pu
Real number Ohm
Real number Volt
Integer

13

Signal Definitions

Signal Definitions

B.1

Single phase
Table B.1: Input/output signals of the single phase StaCt element (CalStaCt1p)

Name
Ir A
Ir B
Ir C
Ii A
Ii B
Ii C
I2r
I2i
I2r A
I2i A
I0x3r
I0x3i

B.2

Description
Ct block phase A primary side current real part
Ct block phase B primary side current real part
Ct block phase C primary side current real part
Ct block phase A primary side current imaginary part
Ct block phase B primary side current imaginary part
Ct block phase C primary side current imaginary part
Secondary side current real part
Secondary side current imaginary part
Secondary side current real part (equal to I2r)
Secondary side current imaginary part (equal to I2i)
Zero sequence current real part (calculated internally)
Zero sequence current imaginary part (calculated internally)

Unit
Primary Amps
Primary Amps
Primary Amps
Primary Amps
Primary Amps
Primary Amps
Secondary Amps
Secondary Amps
Secondary Amps
Secondary Amps
Secondary Amps
Secondary Amps

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

3 phase
Table B.2: Input/output signals of 3 phase Current Transformer element (CalStaCt)

Name
Ir A
Ir B
Ir C
Ii A
Ii B
Ii C
I2r A
I2r B
I2r C
I2i A
I2i B
I2i C
I0x3r
I0x3i

Description
Ct block phase A primary side current real part pu
Ct block phase B primary side current real part pu
Ct block phase C primary side current real part pu
Ct block phase A primary side current imaginary part pu
Ct block phase B primary side current imaginary part pu
Ct block phase C primary side current imaginary part pu
Phase A secondary side current real part
Phase B secondary side current real part
Phase C secondary side current real part
Phase A secondary side current imaginary part
Phase B secondary side current imaginary part
Phase C secondary side current imaginary part
Zero sequence secondary side current real part (calculated
internally)
Zero sequence secondary side current imaginary part (calculated internally)

Current Transformer (StaCT)

Unit
Primary Amperes
Primary Amperes
Primary Amperes
Primary Amperes
Primary Amperes
Primary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes
Secondary Amperes

Type
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT

Model
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

Secondary Amperes

OUT

Any

14

List of Figures

List of Figures
2.1 DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt 3 phase connection scheme with
the measurement element. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt single phase connection scheme
with the measurement element. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1 DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt LDF, Short Circuit, RMS model. . .

4.2 DIgSILENT The Current Transformer StaCt EMT simulation model. . . . . . . .

Current Transformer (StaCT)

15

List of Tables

List of Tables
A.1 Input parameters of Ct type (TypCt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

A.2 Input parameters of Ioc element (RelIoc )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

B.1 Input/output signals of the single phase StaCt element (CalStaCt1p) . . . . . . .

14

B.2 Input/output signals of 3 phase Current Transformer element (CalStaCt) . . . . .

14

Current Transformer (StaCT)

16