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PROBLEM 1.1
1.1 Two solid cylindrical roads AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing
that d1 = 30 mm and d2 = 50 mm, find the average normal stress in the mid section of (a) rod AB,
(b) rod BC.
d1
125 kN
d2
A
60 kN
125 kN
0.9 m
1.2 m
SOLUTION
(a) rod AB
Force:
P = 60 103 N tension
Area:
A=
Normal stress:
sAB =
p 2 p
d1 = (30 103)2 = 706.86 106 m2
4
4
60 10 3
P
=
706.86 10 - 6
A
= 84.88 106 Pa
Area:
A=
Normal stress:
sBC =
p 2 p
(50 103)2
d2 =
4
4
= 1.9635 103 m2
- 190 103
P
=
A 1.9635 10 - 3
= 96.77 106 Pa
sBC = 96.8 MPa
2 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.2
1.2 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing
that the average normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa in either rod, determine the smallest
allowable values of the diameters d1 and d2.
d1
d2
125 kN B
A
60 kN
125 kN
0.9 m
1.2 m
SOLUTION
(a) rod AB
Force:
P = 60 103 N
Area:
A=
sAB =
p 2
d1
4
P
A
\ A=
P
s AB
P
p 2
d1 =
4
s AB
d21 =
( 4)(60 10 3 )
4P
6 2
=
6 = 509.3 10 m
p s AB
p (150 10 )
d1 = 22.56 103 m
d1 = 22.6 mm
(b) rod BC
Force P = 60 103 (2) (125 103) = 190 103 N
Stress : sBC = 150 106 Pa
s BC =
d22 =
Area : A =
p 2
d2
4
4P
P
=
A
p d22
( 4) ( - 190 103 )
4P
=
= 1.6128 103 m2
6
ps BC
p ( - 150 10 )
d2 = 40.16 103 m
d2 = 40.2 mm
Chapter 1
PROBLEM 1.3
1.3 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing
that d1 = 30 mm and d2 = 20 mm, find the normal stress at the midpoint of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC.
A
750 mm
d1
B
54 kN
600 mm
d2
C
45 kN
SOLUTION
(a) rod AB
P = 54 + 45 = 99 kN
A=
p 2 p
d1 =
(30)2 = 706.9 mm2
4
4
sAB =
99 1000
P
=
= 140 N/mm2
706.9
A
b g
or 140 MPa
(b) rod BC
P = 45 kN
A=
sAB =
p 2 p
d2 =
(20)2 = 314.2 mm2
4
4
b g
45 1000
P
=
= 143.2 N/mm2
314.2
A
or 143.2 MPa
4 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.4
1.4 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing
that the normal stress must not exceed 172 MPa in either rod, determine the smallest allowable
values of the diameters d1 and d2.
A
750 mm
d1
B
54 kN
600 mm
d2
C
45 kN
SOLUTION
(a) rod AB:
P = 54 + 45 = 99 kN
s AB = 172 MPa
s AB =
d12 =
AAB =
p 2
d1
4
P
4P
=
AAB
p d12
b gb g
b g
4 99000
4P
=
= 732.8 mm2
p s AB
p 172
d1 = 27.07 mm
(b) rod BC:
P = 45 kN
s BC = 172 MPa
d22 =
b gb g
b g
ABC =
p 2
d2
4
4 45000
4P
=
= 333.1 mm2
p s BC
p 172
d2 = 18.25 mm
Chapter 1
PROBLEM 1.5
1.5 A strain gage located at C on the surface of bone AB indicates that the average
normal stress in the bone is 3.80 MPa when the bone is subjected to two 1200N forces as shown. Assuming the cross section of the bone at C to be annular
and knowing that its outer diameter is 25 mm, determine the inner diameter of
the bones cross section at C.
1200 N
SOLUTION
P
s =
A
Geometry:
A=
p
( d12 - d22 )
4
d22 = d12
d22
P
\A=
s
4P
4A
= d12
p
ps
1200 N
( 4) (1200)
= (25 10 )
p (3.80 10 6 )
3 2
= 222.9 10 6 m2
d1 = 14.93 10 3 m
d1 = 14.93 mm
PROBLEM 1.6
1.6 Two steel plates are to be held together by means of
6 mm diameter high-strength steel bolts fitting snugly
inside cylindrical brass spacers. Knowing that the
average normal stress must not exceed 200 MPa in the
bolts and 120 MPa in the spacers, determine the outer
diameter of the spacers which yields the most
economical and safe design.
SOLUTION
At each bolt location the upper plate is pulled down by the tensile force Pb of the bolt. At the same time
the spacer pushes that plate upward with a compressive force Ps. In order to maintain equilibrium
Pb = Ps
P
4Pb
p
For the bolt
sb = b =
or Pb =
s b db2
Ab
4
p db2
P
4 Ps
p
For the spacer
ss = s =
or Ps =
s s ( ds2 - db2 )
2
2
As
4
p ds - db
6 Mechanics of Materials
Equating Pb and Ps
p
p
s b db2 =
s s ( d s2 - d b2 )
4
4
ds2 = db2 +
FG
H
FG
H
sb 2
s
db = 1 + b
ss
ss
200
120
ds = 9.8 mm
ds2 = 1 +
IJ b6g
K
IJ
K
db2
= 96 mm2
PROBLEM 1.7
1.7 Link BD consists of a single bar 30 mm wide and 12 mm thick. Knowing that each pin has a
10 mm diameter, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress in link BD if (a)
q = 0, (b) q = 90.
20 kN
C
20 kN
150 mm
300 mm
FBD
30
A
Ax
Ay
SOLUTION
Use bar ABC as free body
S MA = 0
(a) q = 0 (0.450 sin 30) (20 103) (0.300 cos 30) FBD = 0
FBD = 17.32 103 N
(b) q = 90 (0.450 cos 30) (20 103) (0.300 cos 30) FBD = 0
FBD = 30 103 N
Areas
(a) tension loading
(b) compression
Chapter 1
Stresses
(a) s =
17.32 103
FBD
=
= 72.2 106
-6
A
240 10
72.2 MPa
(b) s =
FBC
- 30 103
=
= 83.3 106
-6
A
360 10
83.3 MPa
PROBLEM 1.8
0.4 m
C
0.25 m
0.2 m
B
E
20 kN
D
SOLUTION
S MC = 0
0.040
B
FBD
FCE
S MB = 0
Link BD is in tension
Link CE is in compression
32.5 103
FBD
=
= 101.56 106
Anet
320 10- 6
or
101.6 MPa
- 12.5 103
FCE
=
= 21.70 106
-6
A
576 10
or
21.7 MPa
A = 576 106 m2
8 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.9
12 mm
B
45 mm
SOLUTION
A
22 kN
22 kN
60
45
12 mm
45 mm
44 kN
75
FAB
FAB
60
FBC
FBC
45
44 kN
Force triangle
Law of Sines
FAB
FBC
44
=
=
sin 45
sin 60
sin 75
FAB = 32.2 kN
FBC = 39.4 kN
a f
32.2 1000
FAB
=
107.3 N/mm2
300
Anet
or 107.3 MPa
sBC =
b g
- 39.4 1000
- FBC
=
= 72.96 N/mm2
540
A
or 72.95 MPa
PROBLEM 1.10
1.10 The frame shown consists of four wooden members, ABC, DEF, BE, and CF. Knowing that each
member has 50 100 mm rectangular cross section and that each pin has a 12 mm diameter,
Chapter 1
determine the maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in member BE, (b) in member CF.
1.2 m
0.8 m
Ax
Ay
2 kN
100 mm
100 mm
1.0 m
Dy
Dx
0.4 m
0.8 m
SOLUTION
Add support reactions to figure as shown.
Using entire frame as free body
S MA = 0
or
4 kN
3
4
Dy
Dx = 0
5
5
Dy =
(0.8)(
S ME = 0
(0.8)
4
Dx
3
4
FBE) (0.8 + 0.4)Dy = 0
5
FG 4 F IJ (0.4)D = 0
H5 K
CF
FBE
FCF
4
3
= 5.33 kN
S MF = 0
Dy
Dx
D
FBE = 9.99 kN
FCE = 3.33 kN
10 Mechanics of Materials
- 9.99 kN
(a) s BE =
FBE
- 9990
=
= 1.998 N/mm2
A
5000
or 1.998 MPa
- 9.99 kN
- 9.99 kN
3.33 kN
(b) s CF =
FCF
3330
=
= 0.757 N/mm2
4400
Amin
or 0.757 MPa
3.33 kN
Minimum
section
PROBLEM 1.11
E
2.7 m
350 kN
G
2.7 m
350 kN
2.7 m
350 kN
S MH = 0
FBD
FBE
3.6 m
2.7 m
C
FCE
525 kN
350 kN
525 350
3.6
FBE = 0
4.5
sBE =
FBE = 218.8 kN
FBE
218.8 (1000)
=
= 57.9 N/mm2
A
3780
or 57.9 MPa
PROBLEM 1.12
1.12
Knowing that the average normal stress in member CE of the Pratt bridge truss shown must not
exceed 144 MPa for the given loading, determine the cross-sectional area of that member which
Chapter 1
11
will yield the most economical and safe design. Assume that both ends of the member will be
adequately reinforced.
B
3.6 m
H
C
2.7 m
E
2.7 m
350 kN
G
2.7 m
350 kN
2.7 m
350 kN
FBD
SOLUTION
Use entire truss as free body
FBE
SMH = 0
(2.7)(350) + (5.4) (350) + (8.1) (350) 10.8 Ay = 0
FCE
Ay = 525 kN
525 kN
Use portion of truss to the left of a section cutting members BD, BE, and CE.
350 kN
S MB = 0
3.6 FCE (2.7)(525) = 0
s CE =
ACE =
FCE
ACE
FCE = 393.75 kN
b g
393.75 1000
FCE
=
= 2734 mm2
144
s CE
PROBLEM 1.13
1.13
SOLUTION
C
200 mm
B
M
Use piston, rod, and crank together as free body. Add wall reaction H and
bearing reactions Ax and Ay.
A
60 mm
80 mm
12 Mechanics of Materials
P
S MA = 0
(0.280 m) H 1500 N m = 0
H
H = 5.3571 103 N
Use piston alone as free body. Note that rod is a two-force member; hence the direction of force FBC is known. Draw the force triangle and solve for P and FBE by proportions.
B
M
l=
Ax
P
200
=
H
60
Ay
P = 17.86 103 N
P = 17.86 kN
P
FBC
H
60
FBC
FBC
208.81
=
\
FBC = 18.643 103 N
H
60
Rod BC is a compression member. Its area is 450 mm2 = 450 106 m2
(a)
P
200
- FBC
- 18.643 103
=
= 41.4 106 Pa
-6
A
450 10
(b) s BC = 41.4 MPa
Stress: sBC =
PROBLEM 1.14
1.14 Two hydraulic cylinders are used to control the position of the robotic arm ABC. Knowing that
the control rods attached at A and D each have a 20 mm diameter and happen to be parallel in the
position shown, determine the average normal stress in (a) member AE, (b) member DG.
150 mm
800 N
300 mm
600 mm
A
400 mm
E
D
F
150 mm
SOLUTION
Use member ABC as free body.
200 mm
13
Chapter 1
S MB = 0
(0.150)
800 N
4
FAE (0.600) (800) = 0
5
FAE = 4 103 N
A
FAE
p 2 p
d =
(20 103)2
4
4
= 314.16 106 m2
Bx
By
800 N
B
4 10
FAE
=
A
314.16 10 - 6
= 12.73 106 Pa
FAE
sAE =
FDG
Fx
SMF = 0
(0.150)
FG 4 F IJ
H5 K
AE
(0.200)
(1.050 0.350)(800) = 0
Area in rod DG is
A=
s DG =
F4 F I
H5 K
DG
FDG = 1500 N
p 2 p
d =
(20 103)2 = 314.16 106 m2
4
4
- 1500
FDG
=
= 4.77 106 Pa
A
.
31416
10 - 6
PROBLEM 1.15
1.15 The wooden members A and B are to be joined by plywood splice plates
which will be fully glued on the surfaces in contact. As part of the
design of the joint and knowing that the clearance between the ends of
the members is to be 8 mm, determine the smallest allowable length L if
the average shearing stress in the glue is not to exceed 800 kPa.
L
8 mm
SOLUTION
There are four separate areas of glue. Each area must transmit half of the 24 kN
load.
Therefore
F = 12 kN = 12 103 N
Shearing stress in glue
t = 800 103 Pa
t=
F
A
100 mm
B
24 kN
A=
F
12 103
=
= 15 103 m2
3
t
800 10
14 Mechanics of Materials
Let
A = lw
l=
15 10- 3
A
=
= 150 103 m = 150 mm
.
01
W
p dt =
Solving for d:
d=
A=
P
t
P
t
P
45 10 3
=
= 43.4 103 m
p t t p 0.006 55 10 6
fd
d = 43.4 mm
PROBLEM 1.17
1.17 Two wooden planks, each 22 mm thick
and 150 mm wide, are joined by the
glued mortise joint shown. Knowing
that the joint will fail when the average
shearing stress in the glue reaches 0.8
MPa, determine the smallest allowable
length d of the cuts if the joint is to
withstand an axial load of magnitude
P = 5.4 kN.
Glue
20 mm
P'
150 mm
20 mm
SOLUTION
Seven surfaces carry the total load P = 5.4 kN
Area A = (7) (22) d = 154 d
t=
P
A
A=
P
t
154 d =
5400
0.8
d = 43.8 mm
15
Chapter 1
PROBLEM 1.18
40 mm
10 mm
6 mm
15 mm
SOLUTION
For steel
A1 = p dt = p (15)(10)
= 471.2 mm2
t1 =
P
A1
\ P = A1t1 = (471.2)(120)
= 56.5 kN
For aluminium
P
A2
P = 52.75 kN
PROBLEM 1.19
1.19 The axial force in the column supporting the timber beam
shown in P = 75 kN. Determine the smallest allowable
length L of the bearing plate if the bearing stress in the
timber is not to exceed 3.0 MPa.
SOLUTION
140 mm
sb =
Solving for L:
L=
P
P
=
A
LW
P
75 10 3
=
s bW
3.0 10 6 0.140
= 178.6 103 m
L = 178.6 mm
ib
16 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.20
1.20 An axial load P is supported by a short W250 67 column
of cross-sectional area A = 8580 mm2 and is distributed to a
concrete foundation by a square plate as shown. Knowing
that the average normal stress in the column must not exceed
150 MPa and that the bearing stress on the concrete
foundation must not exceed 12.5 MPa, determine the side a
of the plate which will provide the most economical and safe
design.
SOLUTION
Area of column:
s = 150 106 Pa
P
\
P = As = (8580 106) (150 106)
A
= 1.287 106 N
P
sb =
and
Ab = a2 for square plate.
Ab
s=
Bearing plate:
A b = a2 =
P
1.287 10 6
=
= 321 103 m or 321 mm
12.5 106
sb
PROBLEM 1.21
1.21 Three wooden planks are fastened together by a series of
bolts to form a column. The diameter of each bolt is 12
mm and the inner diameter of each washer is 16 mm,
which is slightly larger than the diameter of the holes in
the planks. Determine the smallest allowable outer
diameter d of the washers, knowing that the average
normal stress in the bolts is 35 MPa and that the bearing
stress between the washers and the planks must not
exceed 8 MPa.
12 mm
SOLUTION
Bolt:
Abolt =
P
\ Tensile force in bolt P = sb A = (35)(113.1) = 3.96 kN
A
inside diameter = di = 16 mm, outside diameter = do
sbolt =
Washer:
p 2 p
db = (12) 2 = 113.1 mm2
4
4
Chapter 1
Bearing area
Aw =
P
p
( do2 - di2 ) and Aw =
4
s bearing
P
p
( do2 - di2 ) =
s bearing
4
Equating
17
b gb g
bg
4 3960
4P
= (16)2 +
= 886.3 mm2
p s bearing
p 8
do = 29.8 mm
do2 = di2 +
PROBLEM 1.22
1.22 Link AB, of width b = 50 mm, and thickness t = 6 mm, is used to support
the end of a horizontal beam. Knowing that the average normal stress in
the link is 138 MPa and that the average shearing stress in each of the
two pins is 82 MPa, determine (a) the diameter d of the pins, (b) the
average bearing stress in the link.
SOLUTION
Rod AB is in compression.
A = bt
where b = 50 mm
and t = 6 mm
P = s A = ( 138)(50)(6) = 41.4 kN
Pin: t P =
P
Ap
(a) d =
(b) s b =
and AP =
4 Ap
p
p 2
d
4
4P
=
pt p
b4gb41400g
p b82 g
= 25.4 mm
P
41400
=
= 271.7 MPa
dt
25.4 6
b gb g
0.4 m
PROBLEM 1.23
0.25 m
0.2 m
B
20 kN
E
A
18 Mechanics of Materials
SOLUTION
Use bar ABC as a free body
SMC = 0 (0.040)FBD (0.025 + 0.040) (20 103)
=0
FBD = 32.5 103 N
(a) Shear pin at B
where
t=
A=
t=
(b) Bearing link BD
FBD
for double shear
2A
p 2 p
d =
(0.016) 2 = 201.06 106 m2
4
4
32.5 10 3
b2g d201.06 10 i
-6
b gd
1
FBD
0.5 32.5 103
2
sb =
=
A
128 10 - 6
i = 126.95 10
127.0 MPa
FBD
32.5 10 3
=
= 203 106
160 10 - 6
A
203 MPa
PROBLEM 1.24
1.8 Each of the four vertical links has an 8 36 mm uniform
rectangular cross section and each of the four pins has a
16 mm diameter.
1.24 For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.8, determine (a)
the average shearing stress in the pin at C, (b) the average
bearing stress at C in link CE, (c) the average bearing
stress at C in member ABC, knowing that this member has
a 10 50 mm uniform rectangular cross section.
0.4 m
C
0.25 m
0.2 m
B
20 kN
19
Chapter 1
SOLUTION
0.040
0.025
A=
p 2 p
d =
4
4
FBD
FCE
(0.016)2
= 201.06 106 m2
t=
Double shear
12.5 10 3
FCE
=
= 31.1 106
( 2) ( 201.06 10 - 6 )
2A
31.1 MPa
1
FCE
( 0.5) (12.5 10 3 )
sb = 2
=
= 48.8 106
128 10 - 6
A
48.8 MPa
12.5 103
FCE
=
= 78.1 106
160 10 - 6
A
PROBLEM 1.25
78.1 MPa
12 mm
B
45 mm
22 kN
22 kN
60
45
12 mm
45 mm
SOLUTION
C
FAB
FBC
75
FAB
60
FBC
45
44 kN
Force triangle
20 Mechanics of Materials
Law of Sines
FAB
FBC
44
=
=
sin 45
sin 60
sin 75
t=
When
Ap =
FAB = 32.2 kN
FAB
2 Ap
p 2 p
d =
(20)2 = 314.2 mm2
4
4
32200
= 51.2 N/mm2
314.2
t=
51.2 MPa
FAB
32200
=
= 134.2 N/mm2 or 134.2 MPa
Ab
240
PROBLEM 1.26
12 mm
B
45 mm
22 kN
22 kN
60
SOLUTION
45 mm
FAB
45
12 mm
FBC
75
FAB
60
FBC
45
44 kN
Force triangle
Law of Sines
FAB
FBC
44
=
=
sin 45
sin 60
sin 75
FBC = 39.45 kN
Chapter 1
FBC
2 Ap
t=
p 2 p
d = (20) 2 = 314.2 mm2
4
4
Ap =
b g = 62.8 N/mm
b gb g
39.45 1000
t=
2 314.2
sb =
or
62.8 MPa
FBC
A
39450
= 164.4 N/mm2
240
F
(c) Bearing stress at B in member BC
sb = BC
A
sb =
or
164.4 MPa
sb =
or
82.2 MPa
PROBLEM 1.27
1.27 Knowing that q = 40 and P = 9 kN, determine (a)
the smallest allowable diameter of the pin at B if the
average shearing stress in the pin is not to exceed
120 MPa, (b) the corresponding average bearing
stress in member AB at B, (c) the corresponding
average bearing stress in each of the support
brackets at B.
P
A
16 mm
750 mm
750 mm
q
50 mm
SOLUTION
Geometry: Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle with angle
shown here.
A
50
20
75
0
q = 40
140
B
20
750
12 mm
21
22 Mechanics of Materials
P
110
FAB
FAC
P
=
=
sin 20
sin 110
sin 50
50
FAC
20
P sin 110
=
sin 20
FAB
50
FAB
110
FAB
20
FAC
Force triangle
d2 =
FAB
FAB
2 FAB
=
=
p 2
2 Ap
p d2
2 d
4
2 FAB
( 2) ( 24.73 103 )
=
= 131.18 106 m2
6
pt
p (120 10 )
d = 11.45 103 m
11.45 mm
FAB
24.73 103
=
= 134.9 106
Ab
183.26 10- 6
134.9 MPa
1
FAB
( 0.5) ( 24.73 103 )
sb = 2
=
= 90.0 106 90.0 MPa
A
137.4 10 - 6
P
PROBLEM 1.28
1.28 Determine the largest load P which may be applied at
A when q = 60, knowing that the average shearing
stress in the 10 mm-diameter pin at B must not exceed
120 MPa and that the average bearing stress in
member AB and in the bracket at B must not exceed
90 MPa.
16 mm
750 mm
750 mm
q
50 mm
B
12 mm
Chapter 1
SOLUTION
Geometry: Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle with angles shown here.
A
30
75
0
q = 60
120
B
30
C
750
P
P
120
FAB
P
FAC
=
=
sin 120 sin 30
sin 30
FAB
30
30
F sin 30
P = AB
= 0.57735 FAB
sin 120
P=
30
FAC
FAB
120
FAC
FAC sin 30
= FAC
sin 30
p 2 p
d =
(0.010) 2 = 78.54 106 m2
4
4
8.31 kN
30
Force triangle
23
24 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.29
1.29 The 6 kN load P is supported by two wooden members of 75
125 mm uniform rectangular cross section which are joined by the
simple glued scarf splice shown. Determine the normal and shearing
stresses in the glued splice.
125 mm
75 mm
SOLUTION
P = 6 103 N
q = 90 70 = 20
P
cos2
Ao
d6 10 i cos 20 = 565 10
q=
3
70
9.375 10 - 3
s = 565 kPa
d i
b gd
6 103 sin 40
P
sin 2q =
= 206 103
t=
2 Ao
2 9.375 10- 3
t = 206 kPa
PROBLEM 1.30
1.30 Two wooden members of 75 125 mm uniform rectangular cross
section are joined by the simple scarf splice shown. Knowing that the
maximum allowable tensile stress in the glued splice is 500 kPa,
determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely supported, (b) the
corresponding shearing stress in the splice.
125 mm
75 mm
SOLUTION
Ao = (0.075) (0.125) = 9.375 103 m2
q = 90 70 = 20
s = 500 103 Pa
s=
P
cos2q
Ao
P=
Ao s
( 9.375 10 -3 ) ( 500 10 3 )
=
= 5.3085 103
2
cos q
cos 2 20
70
Chapter 1
(a) P = 5.31 kN
25
b gd
PROBLEM 1.31
1.31 Two wooden members 75 150 mm uniform rectangular
cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice
shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable shearing
stress in the glued splice is 0.62 MPa determine (a) the
largest load P which can be safely applied, (b) the corresponding tensile stress in the splice.
P'
150 mm
40
P
75 mm
SOLUTION
q = 90 40 = 50
Ao = (75) (150) = 11250 mm2
t = P sin 2q
2A
2 11250 0.62
2A
P=
=
= 14165 N
sin 100
sin 2q
(a) P = 14.16 kN
P cos 2 q 14165 cos 2 50
(b) s =
=
= 0.52 N/mm2
s = 0.52 MPa
Ao
11250
fa f
PROBLEM 1.32
1.32 Two wooden members of 75 150 mm uniform
rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued
scarf splice shown. Knowing that P = 10 kN, determine the
normal and shearing stresses in the glued splice.
P'
150 mm
40
P
75 mm
SOLUTION
q = 90 40 = 50
P = 10 kN
2
Ao = (75)(150) = 11250 mm
10 000 cos 2 50
P
s=
cos2 q =
= 0.367 N/mm2
11250
Ao
s = 0.367 MPa
10 000 sin 100
P
t=
sin 2q =
= 0.438 N/mm2
2 11250
2A
t = 0.438 MPa
a fa
26 Mechanics of Materials
PROBLEM 1.33
t max = 17 MPa
P
2 Ao
(a) t max =
150 mm
150
mm
(b) sin 2q = 1
(c) s 45 =
2q = 90
q = 45
P
P
- 765
cos2 45 =
=
= 17 N/mm2 or 17 MPa
Ao
2 Ao
2 22500
(d) s max =
a fa
P
- 765
=
= 34 N/mm2 or 34 MPa
Ao
22500
PROBLEM 1.34
P
a f
-1065 1000
P
cos2 q =
cos2 q = 47.3 cos2 q
Ao
22500
t max =
a f
a fa f
1065 1000
P
=
= 23.6 N/mm2
2 22500
2 Ao
= 23.6 MPa
at q = 45
150 mm
150
mm
Chapter 1
PROBLEM 1.35
6 mm
Weld
25
SOLUTION
do = 0.300 m
27
ro =
1
do = 0.150 m
2
- 250 10 3 cos2 25
P
cos2 q =
5.54 10 - 3
Ao
= 37.1 106
t=
s = 37.1 MPa
P
- 250 10 3 sin 50
sin 2q =
2 Ao
2 5.54 10 - 3
a fd
= 17.28 106
t = 17.28 MPa
PROBLEM 1.36
ro =
1
do = 0.150 m
2
6 mm
Weld
25
28 Mechanics of Materials
P
cos2 q
Ao
id
5.54 10 - 3 50 10 6
Ao s
=
= 337 103 N
cos2 q
cos 2 25
P=
Based on
s=
|s | = 50 MPa:
|t | = 30 MPa
t=
a fd
P
sin 2q
2 Ao
id
2 5.54 10 - 3 30 10 6
2 Ao t
=
= 434 103 N
P=
sin 50
sin 2q
Smaller value is the allowable value of P \ P = 337 kN
600 mm
PROBLEM 1.37
1.37 Link BC is 6 mm thick, has a width w = 25 mm, and is made of a steel
with a 480 MPa ultimate strength in tension. What was the safety
factor used if the structure shown was designed to support a 16 kN
load P?
w
90
480 mm
C
SOLUTION
Use bar ACD as a free body and note that member BD is a two force member
SMA = 0
Ay
a fd
600 16 10 3
600
FBC =
P=
= 20 103 N
480
480
A
FBC
FU = s V A
Ax
FU
72 10 3
=
= 3.60
FBC
20 103
29
Chapter 1
PROBLEM 1.38
600 mm
1.38 Link BC is 6 mm thick and is made of a steel with a 450 MPa ultimate
strength in tension. What should be its width w if the structure shown
is being designed to support a 20 kN load P with a factor of safety
of 3?
w
90
480 mm
C
SOLUTION
Use bar ACD as a free body and note that member BC is a two-force member.
P
S MA = 0
A
FBC
(600 )( 20 10 3 )
600 P
=
=
= 25 103 N
480
480
FU = sU A \
A = wt
or
A=
w=
FU
75 103
6
2
=
6 = 166.67 10 m
450 10
sU
A 166.67 10 -6
=
0.006
t
40
30
A
B
0.38 m
SOLUTION
0.45 m
0.3 m
FBD
30 Mechanics of Materials
FBD =
Factor of safety for cable BD F.S. =
0.819
( 0.819 ) (18 kN )
P=
= 30.77 kN
0.479
0.479
Fult
110
=
= 3.57
FBD
30.77
PROBLEM 1.40
1.40 Knowing that the ultimate load for cable BD is 110 kN
and that a factor of safety of 3.2 with respect to cable
failure is required, determine the magnitude of the largest
force P which can be safely applied as shown in member
ABC.
40
30
A
B
0.38 m
SOLUTION
Use member ABC as a free body and note that member BD is a
two-force member.
0.45 m
S MC = 0
0.3 m
FBD
A
B
0.479
FBD = 0.5849 FBD
0.819
FBD =
Fult
110 kN
=
= 34.38 kN
F. S.
3.2
PROBLEM 1.41
0.75 m
A
0.4 m
B
1.4 m
28 kN
SOLUTION
C
Length of member AB
lAB = 0.752 + 0.4 2 = 0.85 m
31
Chapter 1
Ay
S MC = 0
Ax = 15 kN
+ SFy = 0
Ay 28 = 0
Ay = 28 kN
Ax
A
B
+ SF = 0
Ax
FAB
FAB =
FAC
+ S Fy = 0
Ay FAC
( 0.85) (15)
= 17 kN
0.75
( 0.4) (17)
= 20 kN
0.85
0.4
FAB = 0
0.85
FAC = 28
For the test bar
28 kN
0.75
FAB Ax = 0
0.85
PU = 120 103 N
PU
120 103
6
=
-6 = 300 10 Pa
A
400 10
FU
s A (300 10 6 ) (0.015) 2
= U =
FAB
17 10 3
FAB
= 3.97
F.S. =
a2 =
FU
s A s a2
= U = U
FAC
FAC
FAC
( F. S.) FAC
(3.97) (20 10 3 )
=
= 264.7 106 m2
6
300 10
sU
a = 16.27 103 m
or
16.27 mm
0.75 m
A
PROBLEM 1.42
1.42 Members AB and AC of the truss shown consist of bars of square
cross section made of the same alloy. It is known that a 20 mm
square bar of the same alloy was tested to failure and that an
ultimate load of 120 kN was recorded. If a factor of safety of 3.2 is
to be achieved for bars, determine the required dimensions of the
cross section of (a) bar AB, (b) bar AC.
0.4 m
B
1.4 m
28 kN
32 Mechanics of Materials
SOLUTION
Ay
Ax
Length of member AB
S MC = 0
Ax = 15 kN
+ SFy = 0
Ay 28 = 0
Ay = 28 kN
c
+ S Fy = 0
FAC = 28
For the test bar
For the material
Ax
( 0.85) (15)
= 17 kN
0.75
Ay FAC
sU =
F.S. =
( 0.4) (17)
= 20 kN
0.85
b2 =
PU = 120 103 N
PU
120 10 3
=
= 300 106 Pa
400 10 -6
A
PU
s A s a2
= U = U
FAB
FAB
FAB
( F. S. ) FAB (3.2 ) (17 10 3 )
=
= 181.33 106 m2
300 10 6
sU
a = 13.47 103 m
F.S. =
FAB
FAC
0.4
FAB = 0
0.85
a2 =
Ay
0.75
FAB Ax = 0
0.85
FAB =
or
13.47 mm
PU
s A s b2
= U = U
FAC
FAC
FAC
( F. S. ) FAC
(3.2) (20 103 )
=
= 213.33 106 m2
300 106
sU
b = 14.61 103 m
or
14.61 mm