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Chapter 7
The calculated maximum allowable external pressure of 217 psi is much greater than the
required 30 psi. Therefore assume a thinner section and redo calculations.
Assume t = 0.25 inch
Ro =
A=
120 in.
+ 0.25 in. = 60.25 inch
2
Pa =
The calculated maximum allowable external pressure of 31 psi is just slightly greater than
the required value of 30 psi. Therefore, the minimum required thickness is 0.25 inch.
B = 0.75 (
PDo
)
t + A S /L S
IS =
2
D L t
o S
AS
L S A
14
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
123
B = 0.75 (
PDo
)
t + A S /L S
IS =
S'
2
D L t +
o S
AS
L S
14
2
D L t
o S
AS
L S
10.9
4) Determine the moment of inertia of the combined ring and shell section acting together,
I', inch4. The length of shell used in the calculation shall not be greater than 1.10 (Dot).
No overlap of contribution is allowed.
5) I' shall be equal to or greater than IS'.
Note that the formulas for B are identical. If the value of B falls below the left end of the
material/temperature curve, then A is calculated using A = 2B/E where E is the modulus of elasticity.
If different materials are used for the shell and stiffening ring, then use the external pressure chart
that gives the lowest value of A.
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
124
Chapter 7
General Requirements
Stiffening rings must extend completely around the circumference of the cylinder. All joints and
connections between rings must maintain the required moment of inertia of the combined ring-shell
section. Inside and outside rings are allowed and stiffening rings may be continued on the opposite
surface. See Figure 7.10.
gap
web of stiffener
flange of stiffener
butt weld
gap in ring
for drainage
J
strut
member
section J-K
butt weld
in ring
unstiffened cylinder
Type of construction
when gap is greater
than length of arc
shown in Fig. UG-29.2
support
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
125
Limited gaps in stiffening rings adjacent to the shell are allowed. The allowed gap length depends on
L/Do and Do/t and is given by Figure 7.11. Gaps greater than the allowed length must be reinforced
on the opposite surface or comply with additional requirements given in UG29. The additional
requirements are:
1. limit the unsupported shell arc to 90 degrees,
2. stagger unsupported shell arcs in adjacent stiffening rings, and
3. increase the unsupported shell length L to the distance between alternate rings or at heads to the
second ring from the head.
Baffles, trays, tray supports, or other internal structures perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal
axis and welded to the cylinder may function as stiffeners provided they satisfy all the requirements
in paragraphs UG29 and UG30.
2000
D
o
0.0
75
Do
0.0
Ar
85
c=
Do
0.1
0
Ar
D
c=
o
0.1
Ar
25
c=
Do
0.1
50
Arc
Do
=0
.17
5D
Ar
c=
o
0.2
00
Arc
Do
=0
.25
Arc
0D
=0
o
.30
0D
o
D
o
Arc
=
200
0.3
90
Do
Ar
c=
65
0.0
c=
Ar
c=
Ar
Ar
c=
0.
05
5
0.
40
0.
D
04
o
5
D
o
0.
03
D
o
Ar
c
c=
Ar
c=
100
80
60
50
40
30
Ar
03
Ar
thickness, D /t s
600
500
400
300
Outside diameter
1000
800
0.
20
10
0.01
0.02
0.4 0.6
1.0
3 4 5 6
8 10
20
Figure 7.11 Maximum arc of shell left unsupported because of gap in stiffening ring
of cylindrical shell under external pressure. Fig. UG29.2.
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
126
Chapter 7
2 in. min.
2 in. min.
24t max.
2 in. min.
S
tw
tw
w
Staggered
intermittent
weld
In-line
intermittent
weld
stiffener
tw
tw
shell
w
(b)
(a)
(c)
tw
continuous full
penetration weld
w
(d)
(e)
Figure 7.12 Some acceptable methods of attaching stiffening rings. Fig. UG30.
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
127
Solution: Table 1A of Section II, Part D gives an allowable tensile stress of 13,000 psi for SA-182
Type F321 material. The applicable external pressure chart in Section II, part D is HA-2. The
solution procedure is shown in Figure 7.9.
A) Calculate Do/t and L/Do ratios.
Assume t = 1.0 inch
Do = 7.5 in. + 2 (1.0 in.)
Do = 9.5 inch
Do/t = 9.5 in./1 in.
Do/t = 9.5
L/Do = (18 ft) (12 in./ft)/9.5 in.
L/Do = 22.7
Do/t is less than 10 but greater than 4. Therefore, use the procedure outlined in Figure 7.9.
From Figure G of Section II, Part D, with Do/t = 9.5 and L/Do = 22.7, A = 0.014.
Chart HA-2 gives a factor B value of 11,800 psi for A = 0.014 and 700F.
B) Calculate Pa1 using the formula in Step 6 of Figure 7.9.
2.167
9.5
0.0833
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
128
Chapter 7
B* is one-half the yield strength at temperature and is equal to the maximum value of B for
the material at 700F.
B* = 13,100 psi
S2 = 1.8 (13,100) psi
S2 = 23,580 psi
S is the smaller of S1 and S2 and equals 23,580 psi, therefore,
Pa2 =
2 (23,580 psi)
1
1
9.5
9
.5
Solution: The allowable stress in Part D of Section II, Table 1A, for SA516 Grade 70 at 800F is
12,000 psi. Table UW12 gives a joint efficiency of 1.0 for fully radiographed Type 1 joints.
A) Determine the thickness t required for internal pressure.
t=
PR
SE - 0.6P
t=
t = 0.81 inch
t < R/2 and P < 0.385SE. Therefore, 0.81 inch is the minimum required thickness for internal
pressure.
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
129
Pa =
4 (3,200) psi
3 (121.0)
Pa = 35.3 psi
Pa is much greater than the required 15 psi. The value may be reduced by decreasing the
thickness or increasing L. The thickness is required for internal pressure. Therefore, increase
L and redo the procedure.
Assume L = 612 inches
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
130
Chapter 7
Pa =
Pa = 17.6 psi
Pa is greater than the required 15 psi. Therefore use the one inch shell plate and space
stiffeners at 612 inches.
C) Size the stiffening rings assuming rings act alone. Use the procedure from UG29.
Determine B. Assume a 1 x 8 inch bar of SA516 Grade 70 material.
AS = 8 in.2
LS = 612 inches
t = 0.810 inch
P = 15 psi
DO = 98 inches
(15) (98)
(0.81 + 8/612)
B = 0.75
B = 1,339 psi
B is to the left of the curve on Figure CS-2. Therefore A must be calculated using the
following equation:
A=
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
131
IS =
IS =
2
D L t +
AS
A
L
14
612 in.
8 in.2
(
0.0001175)
612 in.
14
IS = 40.6 inch4
Determine the actual moment of inertia of the 1 inch x 8 inch bar.
I=
I > IS. Therefore a 1 inch x 8 inch bar may be used. Attach per Fig. UG-30.
D) Size stiffening ring assuming ring and shell act together.
Note that B does not change. Therefore calculate the required moment of inertia for the
combined section assuming a 1 inch x 8 inch bar.
IS =
2
D L t
AS
A
L
10.9
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
132
IS =
Chapter 7
8 in.2
(0.0001175 )
612 in.
10.9
IS = 52.15 inch4
Allowed length of shell contribution is 1.1 (Dt) or 9.8 inches. I for the 1 inch x 8 inch
combination section is 120.4 in.4, which is much larger than required Is. Therefore, assume a
1 inch x 6 inch ring. The IS for the 6 inch ring combination is 51.94 in.4. The centroid of the
composite section (Figure 7.14) consisting of 6 inch ring and shell is 1.871 inches from the ID
of the shell.
I = (1 in.) (6 in.)3
1
+ (9.80 in.) (0.81 in.) (1.466 in.)2 + (6 in.) (1 in.) (1.939 in.)2
12
I = 57.62 inch4
I > IS therefore, use a 6 inch x 1 inch ring. Attach per Fig. UG30.
Note that a smaller ring is required in part D. If the stiffeners are designed as a combination ring
and shell section, then paragraph UG29 does not contain additional requirements other than
calculating the moment of inertia of the combined section. The material savings will often outweight
the additional design cost.
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition