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8/8/2016

ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation

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Three Phase Current - Simple Calculation

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7.9.5Conversion3Phaseto1Phase

CurrentSimpleCalculation_B865/BlackboardCalculation_2.jpg) Thecalculationof

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currentinathreephasesystemhasbeenbroughtuponoursitefeedbackandisa

8.NeutralCTsinHV/LVtransformer

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prefertorememberformulasorfactors,Iprefertoresolvetheproblemstepbystep
usingbasicprinciples.IthoughtitwouldbegoodtowritehowIdothesecalculations.
Hopefullyitmayproveusefultosomeoneelse.

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Contents[hide]
1.ThreePhasePowerandCurrent

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1.UsingFormulas
2.UnbalancedThreePhaseSystems
3.Efficiency&ReactivePower
4.Summary

Three Phase Power and Current


Thepowertakenbyacircuit(singleorthreephase)ismeasuredinwattsW(orkW).Theproductofthevoltageand
currentistheapparentpowerandmeasuredinVA(orkVA).TherelationshipbetweenkVAandkWisthepowerfactor
(pf):

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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image02_2.png)
whichcanalsobeexpressedas:

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image03_2.png)

Singlephasesystemthisistheeasiesttodealwith.GiventhekWandpowerfactorthekVAcanbeeasilyworkedout.
ThecurrentissimplythekVAdividedbythevoltage.Asanexample,consideraloadconsuming23kWofpowerat230V
andapowerfactorof0.86:

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Note:youcandotheseequationsineitherVA,VandAorkVA,kVandkAdependingonthemagnitudeofthe

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parametersyouaredealingwith.ToconvertfromVAtokVAjustdivideby1000.

ThreephasesystemThemaindifferencebetweenathreephasesystemandasinglephasesystemisthevoltage.Ina
threephasesystemwehavethelinetolinevoltage(VLL)andthephasevoltage(VLN),relatedby:

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image07_4.png)
oralternativelyas:

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image08_4.png)
tobetterunderstandthisorgainmoreinsight,youcanreadthe IntroductiontoThreePhaseElectricPower
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/172/threephasepowersimplified) post

Tometheeasiestwaytosolvethreephaseproblemsistoconvertthemtoasinglephaseproblem.Takeathreephase
motor(withthreewindings,eachidentical)consumingagivenkW.ThekWperwinding(singlephase)hastobethetotal
dividedby3.Similarlyatransformer(withthreewindings,eachidentical)supplyingagivenkVAwillhaveeachwinding
supplyingathirdofthetotalpower.ToconvertathreephaseproblemtoasinglephaseproblemtakethetotalkW(orkVA)
anddividebythree.
Asanexample,considerabalancedthreephaseloadconsuming36kWatapowerfactorof0.86andlinetolinevoltage
of400V(VLL):

thelinetoneutral(phase)voltageVLN=400/3=230V
threephasepoweris36kW,singlephasepower=36/3=12kW
nowsimplyfollowtheabovesinglephasemethod

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image12_2.png)

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image13_2.png)

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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation

Easyenough.Tofindthepowergivencurrent,multiplybythevoltageandthenthepowerfactortoconverttoW.Fora
threephasesystemmultiplybythreetogetthetotalpower.

Personalnoteonthemethod
AsaruleIrememberthemethod(notformulae)andreworkiteverytimeIdothecalculation.WhenItryto
rememberformulaeIalwaysforgetthemsoonorbecomeunsureifIamrememberingthemcorrectly.Myadvice
wouldbetoalwaystryrememberthemethodandnotsimplymemorizeformula.Ofcourseifyoudohavesome
superabilityatrememberingformula,youcanalwayskeeptothisapproach.

Using Formulas
DerivationofFormulaExample
BalancedthreephasesystemwithtotalpowerP(kW),powerfactorpfandlinetolinevoltageVLL
Converttosinglephaseproblem:

P
P1ph =

SinglephaseapparentpowerS1ph(kVA):

P1ph
S 1ph =

=
pf

3 pf

PhasecurrentI(kA)isthesinglephaseapparentpowerdividedbythephasetoneutralvoltage(andgivenVLN=VLL/
3):

S 1ph
I =

=
VLN

3 pf VLL

Simplifying(andwith3=3x3):

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P

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=
3 pf VLL

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Theabovemethodreliesonrememberingafewsimpleprincipalsandmanipulatingtheproblemtogivetheanswer.
Moretraditionallyformulasmaybeusedtogivethesameresult.Thesecanbeeasilyderivedfromtheabove,givingfor
example:

(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image14_2.png)

Unbalanced Three Phase Systems


Theabovedealswithbalancedthreephasesystems.Thatisthecurrentineachphaseisthesameandeachphase
deliversorconsumesthesameamountofpower.Thisistypicalofpowertransmissionsystems,electricalmotorsand
similartypesofequipment.
Oftenwheresinglephaseloadsareinvolved,residentialandcommercialpremisesforexample,thesystemcanbe
unbalancedwitheachphasehaveadifferentcurrentanddeliveringorconsumingadifferingamountofpower.
BalancedVoltages
Luckilyinpracticevoltagestendtobefixedorverybyonlysmallamounts.Inthissituationandwithalittlethoughtitis
possibletoextendtheabovetypeofcalculationtounbalancedcurrentthreephasesystems.Thekeytodoingthisisthat
thesumofpowerineachphaseisequaltothetotalpowerofthesystem.

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8/8/2016

ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation

Forexample,takea400V(VLL)threephasesystemwiththefollowingloads:phase1=80A,phase2=70A,phase3=
82A

thelinetoneutral(phase)voltageVLN=400/3=230V
phase1apparentpower=80x230=18,400VA=18.4kVA
phase2apparentpower=70x230=16,100VA=16.1kVA
phase3apparentpower=82x230=18,860VA=18.86kVA
Totalthreephasepower=18.4+16.1+18.86=53.36kVA

Similarlygiventhepowerineachphaseyoucouldeasilyfindthephasecurrents.Ifyoualsoknowthepowerfactoryou
canconvertbetweenkVAandkWasshownearlier.
UnbalancedVoltages
Ifthevoltagesbecomeunbalancedorthereareotherconsiderations(i.e.unbalancedphaseshift),thenitisnecessaryto
reverttomoretraditionalnetworkanalysis.Systemvoltagesandcurrentscanbefoundbydrawingoutthecircuitinfull
detailandusingKirchhoff'slawsandothernetworktheorems.

Networkanalysisisnottheintentofthisnote.Ifyouinterestedinanintroductionyoucanviewourpost:
NetworkTheoryIntroductionandReview(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/179/networktheory
introductionandreview)

Eiciency & Reactive Power


Otherthingstoconsiderwhilecarryingoutcalculationsmayincludetheefficiencyofequipment.Knowingthatefficiencyof
powerconsumingequipmentistheoutputpowerdividedbytheinputpower,againthiscaneasilyaccounted.forReactive
powerisnotdiscussedinthearticleandmoredetailscanbefoundinothernotes(justusethesitesearch).

Summary
Byrememberingthatathreephasepower(kWorkVA)issimplythreetimesthesinglephasepower,anythreephase
problemcanbesimplified.DividekWbythepowerfactortogetthekVA.VAissimplythecurrenttimesthevoltage,so
knowingthisandthevoltagecangivethecurrent.Whencalculatingthecurrentusethephasevoltagewhichisrelatedto

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thelinevoltagebythesquarerootofthree.Usingtheserulesitispossibletoworkoutanythreephaseproblemwithout
theneedtorememberand/orresorttoformulas.

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Theory(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/theory),Fundamentals(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/fundamentals),
ThreePhase(http://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=three+phase),Calculations
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/calculations),Power(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/power),Voltage
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/voltage),Theory(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/theory)

MoreinterestingNotes:
FaultCalculationsIntroduction(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/192/faultcalculationsintroduction)
LaplaceTransform(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/173/laplacetransform)
ThreePhasePowerSimplified(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/172/threephasepowersimplified)
CablesforMVPowerDistributionEarthedversusUnearthedSystems
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/226/cablesformvpowerdistributionearthedversusunearthedsystems)
IntroductiontoCurrentTransformers(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/209/introductiontocurrenttransformers)
StevenMcFadyen(/users/steven)
Stevenhasovertwentyfiveyearsexperienceworkingonsomeofthelargestconstructionprojects.He
hasadeeptechnicalunderstandingofelectricalengineeringandiskeentosharethisknowledge.
Abouttheauthor

(/users/steven)

(http://myelectricalengineering.co.uk)

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Jointhediscussion
CraigTannous2yearsago

Steven,maybeyoucanhelpmeonthisone...Whatisawatthourmetermeasuring?Isitthe
apparentpowerortherealpower?ThereasonIaskisthatitisawatthourmetersoIassumethat
wearechargedforkW.handnotkVA.h.Thenhowdotheutilitieschargeusforthe"extra"wattage
causedbyapowerfactorlowerthan1
1

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >CraigTannous 2yearsago

Craig,themeterismeasuringkW.hr.Thisistherealpowermultipliedbythetime(giving
energyused).Forresidentialusers,reactivepowerisnormallynotanissue.Forlarger
commercialusers,thesupplyauthoritymaymeasureandchargeforreactivepower.

Reply Share
CraigTannous>StevenMcFadyen2yearsago

ThanksfortheexplanationSteven.Ididn'tunderstandwhyweshouldbeconcerned
withapparentpowerandthepowerfactorofasystemifitisn'tusedincalculating
consumptionofelectricityforbillingpurposes

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >CraigTannous 2yearsago

Inadditiontoreactivepowerbilling(ornot),thesupplysystemneedstodeliver
(orconsume)reactivepower,otherwisethingswon'twork.Designersofpower
distributionsystemscanspendalotoftimeonthisaspectanditisasignificant
installationandoperationalcost.

Reply Share
sreeraj>StevenMcFadyen5monthsago

thankyouverymuchsir..iwillcheckandletyouknow

Reply Share
HenryEbiStephen2monthsago

Whensolving3phaseproblemswithoutneutral,whydoualwaysuseV/root3,insteadofusingVline
toline?JstlikedexampleWehaveabove,werewehave80A,82A,70Aand400VLL.?

Reply Share
bernardoricardo4monthsago

Sirwhattransformerkvacanbeuseformymotor45kw220vots3phase?tmx

Reply Share
sreeraj5monthsago

singlephaseis110thenwhy3phase380v...??

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >sreeraj 5monthsago

Ithinkyoumean220Vand380Vor110Vand190V.Takealookatthefollowingpost,it
shouldansweryourquestion:
http://myelectrical.com/notes/...

Reply Share
sreeraj>StevenMcFadyen5monthsago

nosir..ifitookaonephaseofathreephasewithrespecttogroundthevoltmeter
shows110v..andwhenaputphasetophasethevoltmetershows380v..itshouldbe
190right..?

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >sreeraj 5monthsago

Youarenotmeasuringthephase(LinetoNeutral)andline(LinetoLine)

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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation

Youarenotmeasuringthephase(LinetoNeutral)andline(LinetoLine)
voltages.Youaremeasuringlinetoearthandlinevoltages.Ithinktheremaybe
someconfigurationorotherissuewithyourinstallation.

Reply Share
JanNel10monthsago

Stevenwhenyoucalculatethecablespecificationsthatyouwouldrecommendwhenworkingwith3
phasemotors,isthereaguidelinethatcanbefollowedtocalculatetheAWGofthecable?

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >JanNel 10monthsago

Ifyousearchthesite,therearesomepostsoncablesizing.ThesearemostlyIECbased.
YoushouldpossiblylookattheNECforhelpinselectingyourcables.

Reply Share
LewickiLionelBatlhaodiayearago

StevenwhatmethodorcalculationsdoyouusetoselectCB,Fuse,contactorandoverloadfora
motor?

Reply Share
kris2yearsago

Veryhelpful,thanks!However,isn'tthat'S'isthesymbolforapparentpowerinsteadof'Q'under
"DerivationofFormula"?

Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen

Mod >kris 2yearsago

Kris,yourcorrect,'S'isamoreappropriatesymbolforapparentpower.Thanksforpointing
thisoutandIhaveupdatedthepost.

Reply Share
Ali>StevenMcFadyen4monthsago

Mr.Stevenifwehave3phaseConnection15KW.ifweuseeachphasetoneutral
15Amps,20Amps,10AmpsandothersideweusephasetophaseeachPhase
21Amps.kindlyconfirmbothsideKWandKWHinaday.

Reply Share

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VoltageLevelConfusion

ThermoplasticandThermosettingInsulation

4comments3yearsago

2comments3yearsago

AvatarStevenMcFadyenNotallvoltagelevelsare
multiplesof11(400V,25kV,132kV,400kV,
etc.).Onsome(11kV,22kV33kV,66kV),this

AvatarStevenMcFadyenNotwithoutchangingthe
materialproperties.I'vemodifiedmeltingphrase
intheposttobealittleclearer.

Theacresistanceofconductors

BatterySizing

10comments3yearsago

2comments3yearsago

AvatarStevenMcFadyenAssumingana.c.supply,
ideallyyouwouldneedtocalculateandusethe
a.c.resistance.Youwouldalsoneedto

AvatarStevenMcFadyenThisisadifferenttopic.
Pleasecanyouaskinthe'Questions'section.
Suresomeonewillbeabletohelp.

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